A Hand to Mouth Existence: Hurdles Emanating from the COVID 19 Pandemic for Women Survivalist Entrepreneurs in Johannesburg, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-140
Author(s):  
Miston Mapuranga ◽  
Eugine Tafadzwa Maziriri ◽  
Tarisai Fritz Rukuni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Grant Support ◽  
Government Grant

There are many women survivalist entrepreneurs in South Africa, many of whom work in the informal sector. The emergence of theCOVID-19 pandemic has a devastating effect on their entrepreneurial projects. While both the public and private sectors have initiated various measures to ease the blow, obstacles continue to confront them. This study sought to examine the challenges faced by women survivalist entrepreneurs in South Africa’s Johannesburg metropolitan area. The researchers gathered qualitative data using a qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The data was analysed using thematic analyses. The themes that emerged from the findings include; a lack of capital for reinvestment, no government grant support, a decline in the demand for products by the market, rotting agricultural produce or stock, a battle for strategic selling points and numerous confrontations with police as a result of not meeting the regulatory rules relating to COVID-19. The present research provides theoretical implications for academics in entrepreneurship by enhancing the understanding of the hurdles that these entrepreneurs have experienced because of COVID-19. On the practitioners’ side, this work offers avenues for women survivalist entrepreneurs to improve their entrepreneurial ventures and eventually eliminate the challenges they face when running their ventures. This study also offers policy implications. For example, existing government policies can be amended to make the working conditions of women survivalist entrepreneurs better or make the rules under which they operate simpler. This study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by uncovering the difficulties faced by women survivalist entrepreneurs due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will assist other scholars in further developing this research field. As such, this research is important for women survivalist entrepreneurs because most of them endeavour to enhance entrepreneurial performance for the betterment of their lives. Governments may also use the study to develop interventions aimed at facilitating the growth and development of women survivalist entrepreneurs.

Fiduciary Principles and Public Offices

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-322
Author(s):  
Ethan J. Leib ◽  
Stephen R. Galoob
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Normative Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Law

This chapter examines how fiduciary principles apply to public offices, focusing on what it means for officeholders to comport themselves to their respective public roles appropriately. Public law institutions can operate in accordance with fiduciary norms even when they are enforced differently from the remedial mechanisms available in private fiduciary law. In the public sector, fiduciary norms are difficult to enforce directly and the fiduciary norms of public office do not overlap completely with the positive law governing public officials. Nevertheless, core fiduciary principles are at the heart of public officeholding, and public officers need to fulfill their fiduciary role obligations. This chapter first considers three areas of U.S. public law whose fiduciary character reinforces the tenet that public office is a public trust: the U.S. Constitution’s “Emoluments Clauses,” administrative law, and the law of judging. It then explores the fiduciary character of public law by looking at the deeper normative structure of public officeholding, placing emphasis on how public officeholders are constrained by the principles of loyalty, care, deliberation, conscientiousness, and robustness. It also compares the policy implications of the fiduciary view of officeholding with those of Dennis Thompson’s view before concluding with an explanation of how the application of fiduciary principles might differ between public and private law settings and how public institutions might be designed or reformed in light of fiduciary norms.

scholarly journals Changes in the provision of health care in South Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Luiz ◽  
M. Wessels
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Healthcare Market

Health care in South Africa is undergoing substantial changes with rising pressure on both the public and private sectors. Medical inflation has been soaring rendering healthcare increasingly unaffordable and medical schemes have had to adapt their traditional business models. This paper looks at the current structure of the healthcare market; it examines the new legislation introduced by government, and assesses future directions of healthcare in South Africa.

scholarly journals Work as a central life interest for legal professionals

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Genis ◽  
Taryn Wallis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Two Sectors

Dubin’s theory of Central Life Interests (CLIs) was used to investigate whether work is a CLI for legal professionals in South Africa. The research also served as a comparative exploration between the public and private sectors based on their work centrality and work orientation. 59 employees from three public sector organisations and 27 employees from various private sector law firms completed questionnaires. Contrary to Dubin’s theory, results indicated that two-thirds of respondents did not have work as a CLI. Also, contrary to previous work on private and public sector employees, some interesting similarities emerged between the two sectors. Opsomming Dubin (1992) se teorie van Sentrale Lewensbelangstellings was gebruik om te ondersoek of werk ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling is vir individue in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsprofessie. Die navorsing was ook ’n vergelykende ondersoek tussen die publieke en privaat sektore met betrekking tot hul werk sentraliteit en werk orientasie. 59 werknemers van drie publieke organisasies en 27 werknemers van verskeie privaat firmas het vraelyse beantwoord. Teenstellig met Dubin se teorie het resultate gewys dat vir twee-derdes van die deelnemers werk nie ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling was nie. Daar was ook interessante resultate wat te voorskyn gekom het, wat teenstrydig was met vorige navorsing op werknemers in die privaat en publieke sektore.

scholarly journals Aggregate Public-Private Remuneration Patterns in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wörgötter ◽  
Sihle Nomdebevana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Public And Private Sector

AbstractThis paper investigates the public-private remuneration patterns in South Africa with time-series methods for the first time since the introduction of an inflation-targeting framework in 2000. Co-integration tests and analysis confirm that there is a stable, long-run relationship between nominal and real remuneration in the public and private sector. The adjustment to the deviations from this long-run relationship is strong and significant for public-sector remuneration, while private-sector wages neither respond to deviations from the long-run relationship nor lagged changes in public-sector remuneration. The causal direction from private- to public-sector remuneration does not change if real earnings are calculated with the gross domestic product deflator. This is confirmed by simple Granger-causality tests.

scholarly journals The benefits and dangers for churches and ministry institutions to work in a regulated environment, with reference to professionalising religious practice via South African Qualifications Authority and the National Qualifications Framework Act

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Qualifications Framework ◽  
Fit For Purpose

Since 1994 and the coming of democracy to South Africa there has been a concerted attempt to develop a coherent, unified educational system that will redress the inequities of the apartheid systems. Significant to this ongoing process is the field of higher education, where relevant legislation has been enacted in order to bring coherence and consistency to the education system in the public and private sectors. Significant issues have arisen with regard to the provision made by private religious educational institutions, especially those who have experienced difficulties in being accredited by statutory bodies. This paper seeks to explore these issues and suggest ways forward that are appropriate within an emerging unitary system of education that is fit for purpose in Africa and particularly South Africa, taking as a case study the formation of the Association of Christian Religious Practitioners.

scholarly journals An audit evidence planning model for the public sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Mentz ◽  
Karin Barac ◽  
Elza Odendaal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Audit Evidence ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Auditor General

Orientation: Auditors have to exercise complex, multi-dimensional evidence-planning judgements. Research purpose: Drawing on social closure theory, the aim of this study is to develop a model to inform the flexible exercise of judgement regarding the types, extent and combinations of audit procedures implemented to gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence to respond to the assessed risks of material misstatement. Motivation for the study: The exercise of considerable judgements by auditors may mean that little consistency is achieved regarding the quantity and quality of the audit evidence obtained, especially in the public sectors of developing countries (which are often plagued by corruption), and where auditors and auditees have limited skills and experience. Research approach, design and method: The study employs a theory-building approach to develop a model intended to guide public sector auditors (following an audit risk approach), to exercise planning judgements for a class of transactions, account balance and/or disclosure. Main findings: The model clarifies the audit evidence decision-making sequences, interrelationships and contingent dependencies of the different audit procedures, and quantifies the compensatory inter-relationships between the types of audit procedures to be performed and the overall levels of assurance desired in response to the assessed risks of material misstatement. Practical and managerial implications: The model could aid public sector auditors to reduce uncertainty, ambiguity and judgement errors during their planning decision-making. Contribution or value-add: The model has been incorporated into the audit methodology of the Auditor-General of South Africa, and has been assessed for compliance with the International Standards on Auditing by the Independent Regulatory Board for Auditors in South Africa.

Policy Implications of the Public and Private School Debates

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Heyns
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Debates

We are indebted once again to James Coleman for enlivening educational policy debates with the publication of this controversial and widely discussed study. Public and Private Schools (PPS), coauthored with Thomas Hoffer and Sally Kilgore, is controversial,timely, challenges the conventional wisdom, and adopts a critical—some would say hostile—stance toward public education. Although I disagree with many of their arguments,the authors should be congratulated for providing so much grist for our analytic mills.

Appreciating the Diversity of NGO’s Towards Service Delivery in South Africa: Drawing Evidences from Eastern Cape Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mutemi Kajiita ◽  
Simon Kang’ethe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The Public ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Government

The dismantling of Apartheid era in South Africa in 1994, the advent of democratic era, was welcomed with a package of hope for the citizens as far as development was concerned. Since then, the government has been playing a key role in service delivery. Nonetheless, gaps exist in dispensing an array of services and this has prompted the interventions of NGOs in such developmental discourses. Through a mixed method research approach, this article explores the milestones of NGOs in South Africa while drawing pieces of evidence from Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that NGOs have responded positively to the prevention and treatment of various diseases, offered training and facilitated medical facilities in the province, promoted early childhood education and finally ensured regularity in services delivery. The article recommends that the public should appreciate and show goodwill to the efforts of the NGOs, pull their resources together to support and sustain the already existing NGO projects.

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