scholarly journals PATH DEPENDENCE REPETITION DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN PARTAI PROTO ISLAM INDONESIA, SAREKAT ISLAM (1911-1940)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Agus Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Dependence Analysis ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Political Decisions

This article aims to describe the trajectory of the development of Sarekat Islam (SI) in the pre-independence era by using path dependence analysis and critical junctures. In this context, important political decisions made by the proto-Islamic party agents will identify various alternatives determined by their antecedent conditions, as well as a series of follow-up causal events after critical junctures as path dependence patterns that lead to an outcome or outcome of the development of the SI organization. explained that there were three stages of the development of the Sarekat Islam organization, which transformed into the Sarekat Islam Party (PSI) and the Indonesian Sarekat Islam Party (PSII) which were produced by three agent decisions in moments of critical juntures, namely the stages of growth, division and decline. Key word : Critical junctures, Path dependence, the proto- Islamic

scholarly journals Path Dependence Repetition Dinamika Perkembangan Partai Proto Islam Indonesia, Sarekat Islam (1911-1940)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agus Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Islamic Party

This article aims to describe the trajectory of the development of Sarekat Islam (SI) in the pre-independence era by using path dependence analysis and critical junctures. In this context, important political decisions made by the proto-Islamic party agents will identify various alternatives determined by their antecedent conditions, as well as a series of follow-up causal events after critical junctures as path dependence patterns that lead to an outcome or outcome of the development of the SI organization. explained that there were three stages of the development of the Sarekat Islam organization, which transformed into the Sarekat Islam Party (PSI) and the Indonesian Sarekat Islam Party (PSII) which were produced by three agent decisions in moments of critical juntures, namely the stages of growth, division and decline. Key word : Critical junctures, Path dependence, the proto- Islamic party

scholarly journals MENGAPA PARTAI ISLAM BELUM PERNAH MENANG?: PATH DEPENDENCE REPETITION KEKALAHAN PARTAI ISLAM INDONESIA DALAM PEMILU LEGISLATIF 1955 HINGGA 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Agus Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Islamic Party

Sociologically, Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, however no Islamic party has ever won the legislative electoral since the Old Order. There are limited research which link the defeat of Islamic parties with their own history as a context. This study uses the perspective of historical institutionalism, particularly the analysis of path dependencies and critical junctures to analyze the defeat of Indonesian Islamic parties by linking the past political decisions in a critical junctures framework. This study has two main findings. First, the defeat of Indonesian Islamic parties during 1955 to 2019 elections was the result of a causal mechanism which was related to political decisions in moments of critical junctures. The mechanism had a significant effect on the path of development of Islamic parties and led to the outcome of defeat. Second, the defeat of the Indonesian Islamic party indicates a path of dependence repetition which includes three process dependence paths triggered by three critical moments in the form of political decisions of party agents. Each resulted in a series of causal follow-up events in the aftermath of critical juncture, which were the process of reactive sequences, reinforcement or self-reinforcing sequences, as well as reinforcement or self-reinforcing sequences and reactive sequences, and put Islamic parties on a certain development path towards the final outcome of the legislative election defeat. 

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Time in International Organizations and International Organizations in Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénia C. Heldt
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Multilateral System ◽  
System Time ◽  
Over Time

Time plays a central role in international organizations (IOs). Interactions among actors are embedded in a temporal dimension, and actors use formal and informal time rules, time discourses, and time pressure to obtain concessions from their counterparts. By the same token, legacies and innovations within and outside IOs can be examined as a dynamic process evolving over time. Against this background, this chapter has a twofold aim. First, it examines how actors use time in IOs with a particular focus on multilateral negotiations to justify their actions. Drawing on international relations studies and negotiation analysis, this piece explores six different dimensions of time in the multilateral system: time pressure, time discourse, time rules, time costs, time horizons, and time as a resource. Second, this chapter delineates the evolution of IOs over time with the focus on innovations that emerge to adapt their institutional system to new political and economic circumstances. This piece looks particularly at endogenous and exogenous changes in IOs, recurring to central concepts used by historical institutionalism, including path dependence, critical junctures, and sequencing. This allows us to map patterns of incremental change, such as displacement, conversion, drift, and layering.

Path Dependence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Hegmon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
General Level ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Historical Sequences ◽  
Lock In

Path dependence concepts, thus far, have seen little application in archaeology, but they have great potential. At a general level, these concepts provide tools for theorizing historical sequences, such as patterns of settlement on a landscape and divergent historical traditions. Potential applications include issues of historical contingency in the late Rio Grande, settlement in the Mesa Verde region, and divergent trajectories in the post-Chaco period. Specific concepts from path dependence theory, including lock-in and critical junctures, are illustrated by an analysis of the growth of Hohokam irrigation, which exhibited a path-dependent trajectory. As archaeological study of path dependence builds awareness of the importance of decision-making on the future, it contributes to difficult decision-making in today’s world.

scholarly journals supervisi pendidikan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mita sofia
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
National Education ◽  
Individual Supervision ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Management Expert

Abstract — The supervision process is a series of activities carried out when conducting supervision. According to the Educational Management Expert Team (2004: 53) in general the supervision implementation process is carried out through three stages, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. Regulation of the Minister of National Education number 41 of 2007 regulates supervision learning process that includes monitoring and supervision. Based on these regulations the follow-up activities of academic supervision can be done by the school principal by providing examples, discussion, training, and consultation. The principal can choose the alternative follow-up activities mentioned above according to the analysis of the results of the academic supervision of the components mentioned above.Educational supervision can be carried out with individual supervision techniques and group supervision techniques. In the current situation, not all supervision techniques that are described below can be implemented by supervisors, but as material readings need to be offered as rasep can be chosen by each supervisor to be used in accordance with the existing circumstances.

Historical Institutionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-207
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Hom
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
International Order ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Baseline Assumption

Chapter seven covers historical institutionalism (HI), a new approach to international institutions that embraces overtly temporal themes like sequence, path dependence, critical junctures, legacy effects, and the importance of “founding moments.” While historical institutionalists make great strides in setting institutions in motion, this chapter argues that they remain trapped by the problem of Time tradition and moreover that timing theory can help them escape. After summarizing the rise of HI against sociological and especially rationalist treatments, it uses HI accounts of institutions of the “liberal international order” to clarify the role and status of “history” in HI, to show how HI recapitulates and narratively confronts the problem of Time, and to argue that historical institutionalists unintentionally position themselves as horologists who explain institutional faults without challenging the rationalist baseline assumption that institutions should work like near-perfect cooperation mechanisms. This depoliticizes HI and hamstrings its efforts to develop a distinctive theory of institutions. However, timing theory can help by recasting institutions as collective timing projects and by embracing a more realistic view of international-institutional possibility. In turn, HI can push several concepts and insights of timing theory further, opening the possibility not only of a more thoroughly temporal account of institutions but an institutionalist perspective on timing.

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