Seedling Functional Types and Cotyledons Shape Some Species of Woody Plant

ABSTRACT Woody plant produce small to large seeds which can affect germination process. Cotyledons as an important food source for early growth of seedlings. The position, function, and type of cotyledons when seeds germinate varies. This research aimed to determine cotyledons characters of woody plant seedlings collection in Bogor Botanic Gardens. The position, function and type of cotyledons were observed for 65 species of seedlings.This research used an observative method and was analyzed descriptively.The position of cotyledons when the seeds germinate are epigeal (above the ground) and hypogeal (remain in the soil). The epigeal cotyledons type found in 44 species that is higher than hypogeal cotyledons type (21 species). The function of cotyledons for seedlings is to reserve food or photosynthesis. Species with cotyledon reserve type were more than foliar cotyledons type (43 species and 22 species, respectively). The proportion of seedling types CER (cryptocotylar-epigeal-reservoir), CHR (cryptocotylar-hypogeal-reservoir), PEF (phanerocotylar-epigeal-foliaceous), PER (phanerocotylar-epigeal-reservoir), PHR (phanerocotylar-hypogeal-reservoir) were 3.08%, 16.92%, 33,85%, 29,23%, 16,92%, respectively.

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Germinação e crescimento inicial de variedades de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes concentrações salinas

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v12i2.4419 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Daniela Siqueira Coelho ◽

José Aliçandro Bezerra da Silva ◽

Russaika Lírio Nascimento ◽

Josenara Daiane de Souza Costa ◽

Tales Xavier Seabra

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Early Growth ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Germination Process ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Mean Time ◽

Different Levels ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

A utilização de variedades tolerantes ao estresse salino tem sido essencial para o estabelecimento de culturas comerciais em áreas salinas. O objetivou-se avaliar a germinação e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de quatro variedades de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes níveis de estresse salino. As sementes das cultivares BRS Tapaihum, BRS Pujante, BRS Acauã e BRS Marataoã foram semeadas em espumas, dispostas em bandejas e umedecidas com as seguintes concentrações de NaCl: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mM. Foram determinadas as variáveis: percentual de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio, frequência relativa de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e teor de água das plântulas. As variedades de feijão caupi apresentaram perda na capacidade germinativa a partir da concentração de 50 mM de NaCl. Também foi verificado que a incidência da salinidade promoveu uma diminuição da velocidade com que as variedades realizaram seus eventos bioquímicos, fisiológicos, morfogênicos necessários ao processo de germinação e formação das novas plantas.Germination and initial growth of cowpea cultivars under salinity stressAbstract: The use of varieties tolerant to salinity stress conditions has been essential for the crops establishment in are asthat experience with this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the germination process and early growth of seedlings of four varieties of cowpea under different levels of salinity. The seeds of BRS Tapaihum, BRS Pujante, BRS Acauã and BRS Marataoã were sown in foam, arranged in tray sand watered with the following NaCl concentrations: 0,50, 100, 150 and 200mM. The analized variables were Percentage of Germination, Emergence Speed Index, mean time, Relative Germination frequency, shoot length and water content of seedling. The cowpea varieties showed loss of germination capacity from 50 mM NaCl concentration. It was also verified that the salinity incidence promoted a decrease of the speed with which the varieties realized their biochemical, physiological, morphogenic events necessary to the process of germination and formation of the new plants.

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Pigeonpea as an important food source

C R C Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/10408398609527422 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 103-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

D. K. Salunkhe ◽

J. K. Chavan ◽

S. S. Kadam ◽

N. R. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Food Source ◽

Important Food ◽

Important Food Source

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The Relationship between Germination Rate of Rice Seeds at Low Temperature and the Subsequent Early Growth of Seedlings : IV. On the establishment of seedlings

Japanese Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.1626/jcs.40.474 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 474-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takio SASAKI ◽

Nobuhiro YAMAZAKI

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Early Growth ◽

Rice Seeds ◽

The Relationship ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

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Studies on Veratrum. II. Veratrum Eschscholtzii A. Gray; Observations on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings of Veratrum Species

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed ) ◽

10.1002/jps.3030420112 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heber W. Youngken

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

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Evaluation of By-Products of Potato Peel as Food Additive

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401317666210702110412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Ferhat Yuksel ◽

Aysun Durmaz

Keyword(s):

Food Additives ◽

Food Additive ◽

Potato Peel ◽

Important Food ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Nutritional Properties ◽

The World ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Important Food Source ◽

By Products

: The potato plant is an important food source produced all over the world and it provides a significant portion of daily energy intake in nourishment. In addition, a significant rate of vitamins, fibre, mineral matters, protein, and fat can be obtained by consuming potato. In this study, the production, consumption, and usage areas of potato, a crucial source of our diet, and the possibilities of using it as food additives with the nutritional properties of its peel have been investigated. Generally, potato is consumed after its peel is removed in the homes and industrial areas and many of these peels are disposed off as wastes. Studies show that potato peel has a high content of dietary fibre, protein, carbohydrate, mineral matters, vitamin, phenolic, and antioxidant. The use of potato peel as food additives have also been discussed in this study.

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Fruit ontogeny of Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae)

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Eglaé Camargo Asinelli ◽

Maria Conceição de Souza ◽

Káthia Socorro Mathias Mourão

Keyword(s):

Food Source ◽

White Pulp ◽

Important Food ◽

Fruit Type ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Cell Layers ◽

Important Food Source ◽

Structural Aspects ◽

Yellowish Orange ◽

Secretory Ducts

Garcinia gardneriana (Clusiaceae) is a small to medium-sized tree that usually occurs on the floodplains of the Paraná River and it is an important food source for the local inhabitants. The fruit itself is consumed in natura, and juices and sweets are made from it. The purpose of this study was to describe morphological and structural aspects of fruits and seeds of this species in order to classify the fruit type and the pulpy layer which involves the seeds. The material analyzed consisted of ovary and fruits in different stages of development, collected from five plants from Aurélio Island, Baía River (MS, BR) and the description was done according to standard procedures in anatomy. The fruit is a yellowish-orange spherical berry ("bacóide" type). The smooth, coriaceous skin consists of the lignified exocarp. The endocarp cell layers are derived from the activity of an adaxial meristem that undergoes radial elongation. The edible sweet white pulp is formed by the endocarp, as well as the spongy mesocarp, in which the secretory ducts lose their function. The unitegmic anatropous ovules develop into anatropous exalbuminous seeds with a collapsed and undifferentiated testa. The embryo is hypocotylar. The features here described generally occur in Clusioideae-Garcinieae and Symphonieae.

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Oceanographic factors influencing the distribution of South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis around the Falkland Islands before the breeding season

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315409000770 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 1597-1600 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vladimir Laptikhovsky

Keyword(s):

Prey Species ◽

Falkland Islands ◽

South American ◽

Important Food ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

South West ◽

Fur Seals ◽

Fur Seal ◽

Important Food Source ◽

Productive Zone

Distribution of fur seals Arctocephalus australis has been studied in October 2007 on the western, southern and eastern Falkland shelves during the survey of spawning grounds of the red cod, Salilota australis. Fur seals presence/absence, numbers and sex were recorded at every oceanographic station. Animals were found foraging on the shelf edge south-west of the islands, in a productive zone with quasi-stationary eddies at a periphery of upwelling. It was also the zone of maximum abundance of lobster-krill, Munida spp.—an important food source of fur seals and aggregations of both red cod and blue whiting, Micromesistius australis. No fur seals were found in waters of the relative cold and saline Falkland Current as well as in the relatively warm, fresh and oxygen-rich waters of Argentine Drift. It allows supposing that position and extension of the foraging grounds are caused by oceanographic features determining distribution of prey species.

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