The Relationship between Germination Rate of Rice Seeds at Low Temperature and the Subsequent Early Growth of Seedlings : IV. On the establishment of seedlings

Currently, biochars are produced from a wide range of feedstocks with a broad diversity in physicochemical characteristics. Therefore, a diverse agronomic response of crop plants to biochars application was expected. A preliminary ecotoxicological assessment is necessary before application of biochar to soil, even though biochar is a recalcitrant carbon considered as a promising soil amendment because of its ability to climate change mitigation by sequestration of carbon in the soil. Thus, a Petri dish germination test was conducted to assess the effects of six walnut shell biochar rates (i.e., 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 Mg ha−1) on seed germination and early growth of seedlings of fodder crops (Triticale cultivar X Triticasecale Wittmack and Pisum sativum sp. arvense L. varieties Taşkent and Özkaynak). A simple Petri dish bioassay method used to determine the effect of biochar rates on seed germination. Germination rate decreased with both higher and lower rate of biochar application. Results showed that the germination rate and growth indices were dependent on plant species. The seed germination rate of all three species was stimulated at the 40 Mg ha−1 rate, but Taşkent mung bean occurred at the highest rate of 120 Mg ha−1. Significantly higher germination rate and growth indices observed with the 40 and 80 Mg ha−1 biochar rates, respectively. Biochar application generally increased seed germination at rates ≤ 40 Mg ha−1 and seedling growth indices at rates ≤ 80 Mg ha−1. This rapid test can be used as the first indicator of biochar effects on seed germination rate and early growth of seedlings. Farmers could use this test before investing in biochar application.

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RELASI ISLAM DAN NASIONALISME DALAM SEJARAH BANGSA INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽

10.32678/alqalam.v30i3.1062 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

Suhaimi Suhaimi

Keyword(s):

Cultural Nationalism ◽

Early Growth ◽

Colonial Period ◽

New Order ◽

Japanese Colonial ◽

Muslim Intellectuals ◽

Colonization Period ◽

The Times ◽

The Relationship ◽

Governance Reforms

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

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Gebirgswaldpflege – es kommt auf den Standort an | Mountain silviculture – it all depends on the site

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2001.0169 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 152 (5) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monika Frehner

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Tree Species ◽

Forest Stand ◽

Ground Vegetation ◽

Mountain Forests ◽

Research Projects ◽

Snow Mould ◽

The Relationship ◽

Protection Forests

The article shows that knowledge of the site of a particular forest stand, together with research results and experience, can provide information that is important for the cultivation of mountain forests, including knowledge of the composition of the tree species and the structure and growth capacity of natural forest. Furthermore, certain sites can, thus, be characterized by factors that influence restocking, such as snow mould,lush ground vegetation or low temperature. The guidelines«minimale Pflegemassnahmen» – «Minimal tending of protection forests» (WASSER und FREHNER, 1996) are based on this principle. For individual sites, warnings about natural dangers such as rock fall or statements concerning nature conservation can be made (e.g., the occurrence of tree species, suitability as a biotope for Capercaille). In conclusion, two research projects on the relationship between site and natural dangers will be presented.

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Zinc Seed Priming Improves Spinach Germination at Low Temperature

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11030271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran ◽

Asim Mahmood ◽

Günter Neumann ◽

Birte Boelt

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Multispectral Imaging ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Early Seedling Development

Low temperature during germination hinders germination speed and early seedling development. Zn seed priming is a useful and cost-effective tool to improve germination rate and resistance to low temperature stress during germination and early seedling development. Spinach was tested to improve germination and seedling development with Zn seed priming under low temperature stress conditions. Zn priming increased seed Zn concentration up to 48 times. The multispectral imaging technique with VideometerLab was used as a non-destructive method to differentiate unprimed, water- and Zn-primed spinach seeds successfully. Localization of Zn in the seeds was studied using the 1,5-diphenyl thiocarbazone (DTZ) dying technique. Active translocation of primed Zn in the roots of young seedlings was detected with laser confocal microscopy. Zn priming of spinach seeds at 6 mM Zn showed a significant increase in germination rate and total germination under low temperature at 8 °C.

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Influence of Preaging Temperature on the Indentation Strength of 3Y-TZP Aged in Ambient Atmosphere

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2767

Author(s):

Ki-Won Jeong ◽

Jung-Suk Han ◽

Gi-Uk Yang ◽

Dae-Joon Kim

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Phase Transformation ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Compressive Residual Stress ◽

Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽

Ambient Atmosphere ◽

Aged Specimen ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

M Phase ◽

The Relationship

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) containing 0.25% Al2O3, which is resistant to low temperature degradation (LTD), was aged for 10 h at 130–220 °C in air. The aged specimens were subsequently indented at loads ranging from 9.8 to 490 N using a Vickers indenter. The influence of preaging temperature on the biaxial strength of the specimens was investigated to elucidate the relationship between the extent of LTD and the strength of zirconia restorations that underwent LTD. The indented strength of the specimens increased as the preaging temperature was increased higher than 160 °C, which was accompanied by extensive t-ZrO2 (t) to m-ZrO2 (m) and c-ZrO2 (c) to r-ZrO2 (r) phase transformations. The influence of preaging temperature on the indented strength was rationalized by the residual stresses raised by the t→m transformation and the reversal of tensile residual stress on the aged specimen surface due to the indentation. The results suggested that the longevity of restorations would not be deteriorated if the aged restorations retain compressive residual stress on the surface, which corresponds to the extent of t→m phase transformation less than 52% in ambient environment.

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Drift-dissipative instability of the electromagnetic convection mode in a low-temperature plasma

Journal of Plasma Physics ◽

10.1017/s0022377800024338 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 439-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hamid Saleem ◽

M. Y. Yu

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Collisional Plasma ◽

Low Temperature Plasma ◽

Temperature Plasma ◽

Electromagnetic Effects ◽

Dissipative Instability ◽

Low Temperature Plasmas ◽

The Relationship

The convection mode in a collisional plasma is investigated, with the inclusion of electromagnetic effects. It is shown that a dissipative instability can occur. The relationship to several well-known modes as well as applications to typical low-temperature plasmas are discussed.

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Effects of Cultivar and Ethanol Disinfection on Aseptic Germination of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Seeds

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11979-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 941-945

Author(s):

Kunkun Li ◽

Weiqi Dong ◽

Yun Zhao ◽

Hongxia Xu ◽

Junwei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detrimental Effect ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Eriobotrya Japonica ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Disinfection Procedure ◽

Aba Content ◽

Subtropical Fruit ◽

The Relationship

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is an economically important subtropical fruit tree, originating and commercially produced mainly in China and Japan. The aseptic seed germination of 13 loquat cultivars, including 9 white-fleshed cultivars and 4 red-fleshed ones, was studied, and the relationship between the germination rate and the content of endogenous ABA in seeds was explored. The germination rate and the seedling height at 80 days after sowing of white-fleshed cultivars were generally higher than that of red-fleshed ones. The ABA content in seeds was generally lower in white-fleshed cultivars, and the ABA content negatively correlated with the germination rate at 80 days after sowing. A moderate detrimental effect of 75% ethanol disinfection on aseptic germination of loquat seeds was observed, especially, for the cultivar Dahongpao, and the germination rate and seedling height were reduced by around half and one-third, respectively. The addition of plant preservative mixture (PPM) to the germination medium at a final concentration of 25 mg·L−1 effectively controlled contamination when the 75% ethanol disinfection procedure was omitted.

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