Effect of Propolis on the Adhesion Index, Morphology and Viability of Candida albicans Cells on Biofilm Formation

About 70-75% of reproductive women have experienced vulvovaginal candidiasis at least once and 40-45% will have recurrences. Candida albicans is the most etiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis and is able to form biofilm that can lead to antifungal resistances and recurrences. One of the natural products that have an antibiofilm effect is propolis. This study expected that propolis from Lawang can be the one of antibiofilm agent candidates to antifungi resistant cases. This study aimed to know the antibiofilm effect of propolis ethanol extract to cell adhesion index, morphology, and viability of Candida albicans cell on biofilm formation. The adhesion index was counted on 100 epithelial cells under light microscopy (1000x). Morphology was seen using light microscopy (400x). Cell viability was examined by CFU assay. At 12.5% concentration of propolis ethanol extract, adhesion index decreased (p=0,000) and hyphal growth was inhibited. Colony growth decreased at 2.5% concentration and was not seen at 10% concentration of propolis ethanol extract (p=0,000). This results indicated that propolis ethanol extract can decrease adhesion index, failed the Candida albicans morphology transition from yeast to hyphal, and decreased Candida albicans cell viability on biofilm formation. Propolis ethanol extract is likely to be one of alternatives to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment, especially caused by Candida albicans biofilm formation.

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CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and single gene reintegration suggests functional diversity within the Candida albicans TLO gene family

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.cc2021.po0016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Fletcher ◽

Gary Moran ◽

Derek Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Gene Family ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Single Gene ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Detectable Effect ◽

Null Mutant ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Functional Differences

Candida albicans has between 10-15 Telomere-associated ORF family(TLO)genes, whereas its closest relative, Candida dubliniensis, has two. The Tlo proteins are components of the Mediator complex which plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis was used to generate a TLOnull mutant of C. albicans. Phenotypic analysis of the mutant showed significantly reduced fitness, with major defects in growth rate, morphogenesis, stress resistance and virulence in a Galleria mellonellamodel. Clade representative TLOα1, TLOβ2 and TLOγ11constructs were reintroduced into the null mutant background to determine if members of the TLO gene family exhibit functional differences. The genes were reintroduced under the control of the TET1 and ENO1promoters. TLOα1and TLOβ2expression restored stress tolerance and growth rate, in some cases to the level of the WT. TLOβ2expression also showed a dramatic effect on morphology resulting in constitutive true hyphal growth. Moderate expression of TLOγ11 had no detectable effect on many of the phenotypes tested, however overexpression increased biofilm formation in Spider medium, and also conferred increased resistance to cell wall stressors. These data suggest that individual TLO genes have distinct functions and that the diversity within the TLO family may contribute to the relative success of C. albicans as a coloniser and pathogen of humans.

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Zerumbone inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal growth

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2019-0155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 713-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Da-Seul Shin ◽

Yong-Bin Eom

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Zingiber Zerumbet ◽

Dna Contents ◽

Important Virulence Factor ◽

Morphologic Changes

Candida albicans biofilm formation is considered an important matter because it can lead to strong resistance to conventional antifungal agents. Hyphae formed by C. albicans can also act as an important virulence factor related to its biofilm. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zerumbone, a monocyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, against C. albicans biofilm formation. Our results suggest that zerumbone possesses antifungal and antibiofilm activity that inhibits biofilm formation and eradicates preformed biofilm. Notably, zerumbone considerably reduced carbohydrate and DNA contents of biofilm matrix. In addition, zerumbone showed antivirulence effects by decreasing the growth of hyphae and inhibiting morphologic changes of C. albicans. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly downregulated expression levels of biofilm-related and hyphae-specific genes, including HWP1 and ALS3. Since zerumbone suppresses biofilm formation and hyphae growth, these results indicate that zerumbone could be used as a potential candidate to treat and prevent C. albicans biofilm-related infections.

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Inhibitory effects of the essential oils α-longipinene and linalool on biofilm formation and hyphal growth of Candida albicans

Biofouling ◽

10.1080/08927014.2017.1280731 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 143-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ranjith Kumar Manoharan ◽

Jin-Hyung Lee ◽

Yong-Guy Kim ◽

Soon-Il Kim ◽

Jintae Lee

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effects

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Biologically rapid synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract: Effects on hyphal growth, hydrolytic enzymes, and biofilm formation in Candida albicans

Biotechnology and Bioengineering ◽

10.1002/bit.27675 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suttiwan Wunnoo ◽

Supakit Paosen ◽

Sakkarin Lethongkam ◽

Rattanavadee Sukkurd ◽

Tassanai Waen‐ngoen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Hyphal Growth

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Penicillenols from a deep-sea fungus Aspergillus restrictus inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal growth

The Journal of Antibiotics ◽

10.1038/ja.2017.45 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 763-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jie Wang ◽

Qi-Feng Yao ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

Xu-Hua Nong ◽

Xiao-Yong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Hyphal Growth

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BIOFILM FORMATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS EXPOSED TO ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.18344 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 210-213

Author(s):

ARIADNA ADISATTYA DJAIS ◽

JEMMY . ◽

NADHIFA PUTRI ◽

ANDIN RAHMANIA PUTRI ◽

RISQA RINA DARWITA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Clinical Strain ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Microtiter Plates ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Student’S T

Objective: Propolis extract showed an excellent in vitro performance against yeast and was additionally found to be fungistatic and fungicidal. Propolisextract is also used for treatment and prevention of fungal infections. However, its effectiveness against Candida albicans biofilm formation requiresinvestigation. The study evaluated the ability of propolis to inhibit C. albicans while the fungus is growing as a biofilm in vitro.Methods: Two reference strains, C. albicans ATCC 25923 and a clinical strain (laboratory stock), were used in this study. For the biofilm experiment,the fungi were cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium with 1% sucrose and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and different concentrations of ethanol extractof propolis were used as the inhibitor agents. Biofilm assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates, quantification of the total biofilm biomasswas performed using a crystal violet staining method, and the Student’s t-test was chosen for statistical analyses.Results: Our data showed that 3 h incubation with propolis did not affect the biomass in the experimental group compared to the control. When theincubation time was extended to 18 h, the biomass increased significantly compared to the control.Conclusion: This study showed that several concentrations of propolis did not inhibit biofilm. However, in each incubation time, we observed nohyphal morphology in the biofilm mass. Propolis might attenuate the opportunistic virulence of fungus growing as a biofilm in vitro. Further studiesare necessary to confirm this phenomenon.

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E1210, a New Broad-Spectrum Antifungal, Suppresses Candida albicans Hyphal Growth through Inhibition of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00731-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 960-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Nao-aki Watanabe ◽

Mamiko Miyazaki ◽

Takaaki Horii ◽

Koji Sagane ◽

Kappei Tsukahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Protein A ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Protein Maturation ◽

Content Type ◽

Protein Levels

ABSTRACTContinued research toward the development of new antifungals that act via inhibition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis led to the design of E1210. In this study, we assessed the selectivity of the inhibitory activity of E1210 againstCandida albicansGWT1(Orf19.6884) protein,Aspergillus fumigatusGWT1(AFUA_1G14870) protein, and humanPIG-Wprotein, which can catalyze the inositol acylation of GPI early in the GPI biosynthesis pathway, and then we assessed the effects of E1210 on keyC. albicansvirulence factors. E1210 inhibited the inositol acylation activity ofC. albicansGwt1p andA. fumigatusGwt1p with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.3 to 0.6 μM but had no inhibitory activity against human Pig-Wp even at concentrations as high as 100 μM. To confirm the inhibition of fungal GPI biosynthesis, expression ofALS1protein, a GPI-anchored protein, on the surfaces ofC. albicanscells treated with E1210 was studied and shown to be significantly lower than that on untreated cells. However, theALS1protein levels in the crude extract and theRHO1protein levels on the cell surface were found to be almost the same. Furthermore, E1210 inhibited germ tube formation, adherence to polystyrene surfaces, and biofilm formation ofC. albicansat concentrations above its MIC. These results suggested that E1210 selectively inhibited inositol acylation of fungus-specific GPI which would be catalyzed by Gwt1p, leading to the inhibition of GPI-anchored protein maturation, and also that E1210 suppressed the expression of some important virulence factors ofC. albicans, through its GPI biosynthesis inhibition.

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