CAPILLARY RISE CHARACTERISTICS AND SALTWATER PROPAGATION IN FINE AGGREGATE: TOWARD DEVELOPING THE ANTI-SALINITY SHALLOW FOUNDATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Truc ◽  
Nguyen Van Hoang ◽  
Tran Ngoc Tu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Capillary Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

This study is carried out to determine the capillary rise over time of fine aggregate in different saline media. The obtained results showed that the capillary height in fine aggregate is inversely proportional to the salt concentration of the capillary solution. The aggregate that has a particle size over 2.0 mm shows the best ability to limit capillary rise. The capillary height of the aggregate gets the highest value when there is no salt in the solution and gets the lowest one with the solution at the highest salinity tested, i.e. 33.0 g/L. The obtained results on capillary characteristics lead to an idea of design a shallow foundation that has a function of anti-corrosion, anti-salinity proactively and effectively.

scholarly journals Development of a New Sensor Module for an Enhanced Fuel Flexible Operation of Biomass Boilers

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Martin Meiller ◽  
Jürgen Oischinger ◽  
Robert Daschner ◽  
Andreas Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Characteristic Functions ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Over Time

The heterogeneity of biogenic fuels, and especially biogenic residues with regard to water and ash content, particle size and particle size distribution is challenging for biomass combustion, and limits fuel flexibility. Online fuel characterization as a part of process control could help to optimize combustion processes, increase fuel flexibility and reduce emissions. In this research article, a concept for a new sensor module is presented and first tests are displayed to show its feasibility. The concept is based on the principle of hot air convective drying. The idea is to pass warm air with 90 °C through a bulk of fuel like wood chips and measure different characteristics such as moisture, temperatures and pressure drop over the bulk material as a function over time. These functions are the basis to draw conclusions and estimate relevant fuel properties. To achieve this goal, a test rig with a volume of 0.038 m3 was set up in the laboratory and a series of tests was performed with different fuels (wood chips, saw dust, wood pellets, residues from forestry, corn cobs and biochar). Further tests were carried out with conditioned fuels with defined water and fines contents. The experiments show that characteristic functions arise over time. The central task for the future will be to assign these functions to specific fuel characteristics. Based on the data, the concept for a software for an automated, data-based fuel detection system was designed.

Influence of the partial substitution of fine aggregate by granite powder in mortar on the process of natural carbonation

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio Lopes da Silva ◽  
Daniel Baracuy da Cunha Campos ◽  
Alberto Casado Lordsleem ◽  
Yeda Vieira Povoas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Carbonation Depth ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Granite Powder ◽  
Natural Carbonation

This article presents an evaluation of the influence on the natural carbonation process of the use of granite cutting residue as a replacement for fine aggregate in mortars. The methodology adopted consisted of replacing the fine aggregate with granite cutting residue, analysing the carbonation depth with the aid of an experimental planning matrix of 23 + 3 repetitions at the central point. The influence of the exposure time, the percentage of residue in the mixture, and the particle size of the residue used were evaluated. The exposure time variable was found to have the greatest influence on the carbonation process. Under the conditions analysed, granite residue was found to be beneficial, reducing the carbonation depth.

scholarly journals Studi Perbandingan Struktur Selulosa Dengan Pretreatment Larutan Ion Pada Kayu Cempaka (Elmerillia Ovalis)

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhamad RIfai Sehe ◽  
Hanny F. Sangian ◽  
Seni H.J Tongkukut
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Filtration Membrane ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Function Group ◽  
Chestnut Wood

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan struktur selulosa dari serbuk kayu cempakasebelum dan sesudah pretreatment menggunakan SEM, XRD, dan FTIR. Serbuk kayu cempaka ditreatment menggunakan larutan ion dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, dan 27% garam. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa secara X-ray Diffraction ukuran partikel terkecil terjadi pada treatment dengan konsentrasi 27% garam yaitu 2,8 nm. Secara spktrum inframerah terjadi perubahan yang signifikan  yang ditunjukan pada gugus fungsi O-H streaching dengan bilangan gelombang 3317,56 . Selanjutnya ukuran pori terkecil  terjadi pada konsentrasi yang sama dan tergolong sebagai membran konvonsional filtrasi.This study aims to determine the cellulosic structure of wood powder before and after pretreatment using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Chestnut wood powder is treated using ion solution with concentration of 10%, 20%, and 27% salt. The results showed that X-ray Diffraction of the smallest particle size occurred in treatment with 27% salt concentration whose the size was  of 2.8 nm. In infrared spktrum there was a significant change shown in the O-H streaching function group with wave number 3317.56 . Furthermore, the smallest pore size occurred at the same concentration the highest precentegc of salt and is classified as conventional filtration membrane.

scholarly journals Micro-morphologies of SBS modifier at mortar transition zone in asphalt mixture with thin sections and fluorescence analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Xiao ◽  
Mujaheed Yunusa ◽  
Boxiang Yan ◽  
Xiaoshan Zhang ◽  
Xiwen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Box Dimension ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Modified Asphalt

AbstractThe microstructure control of modified asphalt, especially the micro-dispersion of the SBS modifier in the mortar transition zone, is a critical technology for the performance design of modified asphalt. To characterize the micro-dispersive morphology of SBS modifiers, thin-section preparation techniques that can be used to analyze the original microstructure of the asphalt mixture were proposed and introduced in this study. Flexible resin is filled into the mixture at vacuum conditions to ensure accepted sample conditions for preparing thin sections of asphalt mixture. The morphology parameters, including SBS area ratio, box dimension, SBS average particle area and its coefficient of variation, area-weighted average axis ratio, and coefficient of variation, were plotted from fluorescence images to characterize the micro-morphological distribution of the SBS modifier in detail. Results have shown that the area ratio increased with the increase in SBS content, while the box dimension was reduced and the distribution uniformity of the particles decreased. The superfluous SBS modifier in the binder at a too high adding ratio will decrease the value of the box dimension. Lower modification temperature worsened the SBS modifier in the mixture, resulting in a wide range of particle size, higher axis ratio, and higher area ratio. The micro-morphologies of SBS in the asphalt mixture phase varied a lot from the asphalt binder phase. The additional materials of mineral filler and fine aggregate, together with the other heating processes, will significantly influence the swelling state and particle size of the SBS modifier.

scholarly journals Validating Visual Modflow Numerical Model to Predict Future Impact of Brine Disposal on Groundwater

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Neveen B. Abd El-Mageed ◽  
Muhammad A. Abdul-Muttalib ◽  
Yasmen A. Heiba
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Visual Modflow ◽  
Brine Disposal ◽  
Acceptable Agreement ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this research was to simulate the brine disposal fate within an aquifer. The Visual MODFLOW numerical code was used to predict the salt concentration emigration over time in an aquifer. The model was calibrated using laboratory experimental data. The model results revealed that there is an acceptable agreement between the observed and simulated data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of modulus of elasticity for eco-friendly concrete made with seawater and marine sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Tu T. Nguyen ◽  
Pham Thanh Tung ◽  
Kobir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
Over Time

The ultimate aim of this study is to use experimental work for evaluating the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Geopolymer concrete (GPC) using marine sand as fine aggregate and seawater for the mix. Four different groups of concrete mixtures, namely CP1a, CP1b, CP2a, CP2b were identified. While the CP1a mix was prepared using GPC with marine sand and seawater, the CP1b was made by adding sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) into the CP1a mix. The same procedure was applied for CP2a and CP2b mixtures; however, instead of using GPC, Portland Cement was used as the binder for the CP2 group (OPC). A total of 12 test samples were cast and tested to determine the development of MOE of GPC and OPC over time. The MOE of concrete was measured at 3, 7, 28, 60, and 120 days. Experimental results were then compared to the MOE obtained using the empirical equation from ACI 318 - 2008. It was found that the experimental MOE of both OPC and GPC specimens was higher than the estimated MOE values from ACI standards. The added sodium sulfate yielded a significant effect on the MOE of OPC but produced a minimal influence on the MOE of GPC.

scholarly journals Capillary Characteristics and Applicability of Coal Bottom Ash as an Anti-Capillary Material for Coastal Constructions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Truc ◽  
Nguyen Van Hoang ◽  
Do Ngoc Ha ◽  
Nguyen Thao Ly
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Saline Intrusion ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Capillary Characteristics ◽  
Suitable Group

Utilization of Coal bottom ash (CBA) as well as finding the solutions to prevent saline intrusion, meeting the needs of coastal infrastructure development have been considered by the authors of the article for a long time. In this study, the authors focused on analyzing capillary characteristics in order to find a suitable group of CBA particles, which can be applied in the design of foundations with the high ability in restricting or preventing the effects of salt in saline groundwater. The obtained results show that (1) The capillary height is inversely proportional to the particle size: the larger the particle, the smaller the capillary height and vice versa. The CBA group with a diameter of 2.0 - 5.0 mm has an average capillary height around 3.33 cm; a group of particles size of 1.0 - 2.0 mm is 7.16 cm; a group of particles size of 0.5 – 1.0 mm is 23.36 cm. Meanwhile, the group of particles size of 0.1 - 0.5 mm is 31.26 cm. (2) The capillary height is inversely proportional to the salt concentration in the capillary solution: the maximum capillary height exhibits with the lowest capillary solution salinity ~ 0.0 g/L, whereas it reaches minimum value when salinity approximate 33.0 g/L. Thus, CBA with the same particle size of gravel (diameter from 2.0 to 5.0 mm) is able to block capillary flow. This study forms the basis for the design solutions of anti-saline foundation, especially in the context of climate change and sea-level rise.

scholarly journals A Protocol to Quantify the Reactivity of Carbonate Lime for Horticultural Substrates

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1124E-1125
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Huang ◽  
Paul R. Fisher ◽  
William R. Argo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Analytical Test ◽  
Horticultural Practice ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Lime Reactivity ◽  
Over Time

Lime sources vary in their reactivity depending on particle size, surface area and crystalline structure, and chemical composition. Current horticultural practice for testing lime reactivity and the appropriate lime rate is through batch trials where lime is incorporated into growing media. Our objective was to test a laboratory approach that would provide a rapid analytical test on reactivity of lime sources, and could eventually be applied to measuring unreacted (residual) lime in container media. Four moles HCl was added to a lime sample, and the volume of CO2 released over time was measured in a burette. Three lime types were tested, including reagent grade CaCO3, and two pulverized dolomitic limestones used in horticultural media. 100% of CaCO3 reacted in less than a minute after acid addition, whereas only 79.8% and 49.5% of the two commercial lime samples had reacted after 10 minutes. The time required for 50% of the two commercial lime samples to react was 5 and 10 minutes, respectively, whereas it took 20 and 60 minutes, respectively, for 95% neutralization. Reaction rates in the laboratory test correlated with the time required to achieve a stable pH level when limes were incorporated into a peat substrate. The reagent-grade CaCO3 raised pH more rapidly (within 7 days) and to a higher level (maximum pH 7.5 at 9 g of lime per liter of peat) compared with the dolomitic lime sources. It may be possible to establish a lime reactivity index, for example, based on CO2 release after 10 minutes, and thereby provide a rapid screening of limes. Further gasometric analysis of lime types used in horticultural substrates is therefore needed.

scholarly journals Partial replacement of conventional fine aggregate with crumb tyre rubber in structural concrete – effect of particle size on compressive strength and time dependent deformations

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 11002
Author(s):  
Kudzai Mushunje ◽  
Mike Otieno ◽  
Yunus Ballim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Shrinkage And Creep

This paper presents results of a study into the effects of truck tyre crumb rubber particle size, as fine aggregate, on the compressive strength, shrinkage and creep behaviour of structural rubberised concrete. The study is motivated by a growing interest in the use of concrete with waste tyre rubber particles, rubberised concrete, for structural applications. Three tyre crumb rubber sizes (2.36, 1.18 and 0.425 mm) were used to replace 10% by volume of fine mineral aggregates to produce concrete with a target strength of 30 MPa. The concrete was cast water-cured for 28 days and tested for shrinkage and creep for 180 days. Half of the shrinkage and creep samples were sealed with a bitumen seal to prevent drying during testing. Results show a general a decrease in compressive strength with reduction in crumb rubber size. The strength decreases by 22%, 23% and 27% for the 2.36, 1.18 and 0.425 mm mix respectively. Preliminary results show a general increase in both shrinkage and creep deformations in both drying and sealed conditions. The observed increases were checked against the limits provided in design codes to assess the applicability of the material for structural purposes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document