Evaluation of modulus of elasticity for eco-friendly concrete made with seawater and marine sand

The ultimate aim of this study is to use experimental work for evaluating the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Geopolymer concrete (GPC) using marine sand as fine aggregate and seawater for the mix. Four different groups of concrete mixtures, namely CP1a, CP1b, CP2a, CP2b were identified. While the CP1a mix was prepared using GPC with marine sand and seawater, the CP1b was made by adding sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) into the CP1a mix. The same procedure was applied for CP2a and CP2b mixtures; however, instead of using GPC, Portland Cement was used as the binder for the CP2 group (OPC). A total of 12 test samples were cast and tested to determine the development of MOE of GPC and OPC over time. The MOE of concrete was measured at 3, 7, 28, 60, and 120 days. Experimental results were then compared to the MOE obtained using the empirical equation from ACI 318 - 2008. It was found that the experimental MOE of both OPC and GPC specimens was higher than the estimated MOE values from ACI standards. The added sodium sulfate yielded a significant effect on the MOE of OPC but produced a minimal influence on the MOE of GPC.

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Study of Proportional Variation of Geopolymer Concrete which Self Compacting Concrete

Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.30659/jacee.2.2.65-75 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Purwanto P. ◽

Himawan Indarto

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plant ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Proportional Variation

Portland cement production process which is the conventional concrete constituent materials always has an impact on producing carbon dioxide (CO2) which will damage the environment. To maintain the continuity of development, while maintaining the environment, Portland cement substitution can be made with more environmentally friendly materials, namely fly ash. The substitution of fly ash material in concrete is known as geopolymer concrete. Fly ash is one of the industrial waste materials that can be used as geopolymer material. Fly ash is mineral residue in fine grains produced from coal combustion which is mashed at power plant power plant [15]. Many cement factories have used fly ash as mixture in cement, namely Portland Pozzolan Cement. Because fly ash contains SiO2, Al2O3, P2O3, and Fe2O3 which are quite high, so fly ash is considered capable of replacing cement completely.This study aims to obtain geopolymer concrete which has the best workability so that it is easy to work on (Workable Geopolymer Concrete / Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete) and obtain the basic characteristics of geopolymer concrete material in the form of good workability and compressive strength. In this study, geopolymer concrete is composed of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fly ash type F, and activators in the form of NaOH and Na2SiO3 Be52. In making geopolymer concrete, additional ingredients such as superplastizer are added to increase the workability of geopolymer concrete. From this research, the results of concrete compressive strength above fc' 25 MPa and horizontal slump values reached 60 to 80 centimeters.

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Special Concrete with Polymers

Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics ◽

10.1515/bsmm-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Nicolae Angelescu ◽

Ioana Ion ◽

Darius Stanciu ◽

José Barroso Aguiar ◽

Elena Valentina Stoian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Polymer Concrete ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Experimental Works ◽

Materials Used

Abstract The development of polymeric materials offers new perspectives of science and technology due to their outstanding properties. These properties are obtained either due to the effect of dispersion polymers and their polymerization either due to their intervention in structure formation. They were prepared epoxy resin polymer concrete, Portland cement, coarse and fine aggregate and to evaluate the influence of resin dosage on microstructures and density of such structures reinforced concrete mixtures. The paper detailing the raw materials used in experimental works and structural properties of concrete studied.

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Application of Gene Expression Programming (GEP) for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohsin Ali Ali Khan ◽

Adeel Zafar ◽

Arslan Akbar ◽

Muhammad Faisal Javed ◽

Amir Mosavi

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Empirical Equation ◽

Gene Expression Programming ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Soft Computing Techniques ◽

Water Ratio

For the production of geopolymer concrete (GPC), fly-ash (FA) like waste material has been effectively utilized by various researchers. In this paper, the soft computing techniques known as gene expression programming (GEP) are executed to deliver an empirical equation to estimate the compressive strength fc′ of GPC made by employing FA. To build a model, a consistent, extensive and reliable data base is compiled through a detailed review of the published research. The compiled data set is comprised of 298 fc′ experimental results. The utmost dominant parameters are counted as explanatory variables, in other words, the extra water added as percent FA (%EW), the percentage of plasticizer (%P), the initial curing temperature (T), the age of the specimen (A), the curing duration (t), the fine aggregate to total aggregate ratio (F/AG), the percentage of total aggregate by volume ( %AG), the percent SiO2 solids to water ratio (% S/W) in sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution, the NaOH solution molarity (M), the activator or alkali to FA ratio (AL/FA), the sodium oxide (Na2O) to water ratio (N/W) for preparing Na2SiO3 solution, and the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio (Ns/No). A GEP empirical equation is proposed to estimate the fc′ of GPC made with FA. The accuracy, generalization, and prediction capability of the proposed model was evaluated by performing parametric analysis, applying statistical checks, and then compared with non-linear and linear regression equations.

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Preliminary Study of Pressed Lightweight Geopolymer Block Using Fly Ash, Portland Cement and Recycled Lightweight Concrete

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.718.184 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 718 ◽

pp. 184-190

Author(s):

Patcharapol Posi ◽

Piyawat Foytong ◽

Pearploy Thongjapo ◽

Natakorn Thamultree ◽

Phongsathon Boontee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Concrete Block ◽

Concrete Aggregate ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Lignite Fly Ash ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Preliminary Study

In this research, the properties of pressed lightweight fly ash geopolymer concrete block containing Portland cement and recycled lightweight concrete aggregate. The recycled lightweight concrete aggregate (RLCA) was crushed and classified as coarse aggregate (CA), medium aggregate (MA) and fine aggregate (FA). The RLCA with CA : MA : FA of 30 : 30 : 40 by weight was used to reduce the weight of concrete block. Lightweight geopolymer concrete block was produced from lignite fly ash, NaOH, Na2SiO3, RCLA and PC. The lightweight geopolymer concrete blocks with 28-day compressive strengths between 2.0 and 14.1 MPa and densities between 1130 and 1370 kg/m3 were obtained.

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE CONTAINING SPENT GARNET AS REPLACEMENT FOR FINE AGGREGATE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v79.9957 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Habeeb Lateef Muttashar ◽

Mohd Warid Hussin ◽

Mohd Azreen Mohd Ariffin ◽

Jahangir Mirza ◽

Nor Hasanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Problems ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Test Results ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

River Sand ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Furnace Slag

Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of in landfills, oceans, rivers, and quarries, among others every year, thus it causes environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate spent garnet as a sand replacement in concrete prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% spent garnet as a replacement for river sand were prepared with a constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio equal to 0.4. Compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths as well as workability tests (slump, L-box, U-box and T50) were conducted on concrete containing spent garnet. As per specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (EFNARC) standard, the test results showed that the concrete’s workability increased with the increase of spent garnet, while all the other strength values were consistently lower than conventional concrete (SCGC) at all stages of replacement. The results recommended that spent garnet should be used in concrete as a sand replacement up to 25% to reduce environmental problems, costs and the depletion of natural resources.

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Application of Gene Expression Programming (GEP) for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete

10.31219/osf.io/bwm4k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsin Ali Khan ◽

Adeel Zafar ◽

Arslan Akbar ◽

Muhammad Faisal Javed ◽

Amir Mosavi

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Empirical Equation ◽

Gene Expression Programming ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Soft Computing Techniques ◽

Water Ratio

Abstract: For the production of geopolymer concrete (GPC), fly-ash (FA) like waste material has been effectively utilized by various researchers. In this paper, the soft computing techniques known as gene expression programming (GEP) are executed to deliver an empirical equation to estimate the compressive strength f_c^' of GPC made by employing FA. To build a model, a consistent, extensive and reliable data base is compiled through a detailed review of the published research. The compiled data set is comprised of 298 f_c^' experimental results. The utmost dominant parameters are counted as explanatory variables, in other words, the extra water added as percent FA (%E_W), the percentage of plasticizer (%P), the initial curing temperature (T), the age of the specimen (A), the curing duration (t), the fine aggregate to total aggregate ratio (F⁄A_G ), the percentage of total aggregate by volume ( 〖%A〗_G), the percent SiO2 solids to water ratio (% S/W) in sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution, the NaOH solution molarity (M), the activator or alkali to FA ratio (A_L⁄F_A ), the sodium oxide (Na2O) to water ratio (N⁄W) for preparing Na2SiO3 solution, and the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio (N_s⁄N_o ). A GEP empirical equation is proposed to estimate the f_c^' of GPC made with FA. The accuracy, generalization, and prediction capability of the proposed model was evaluated by performing parametric analysis, applying statistical checks, and then compared with non-linear and linear regression equations.

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Chloride Binding Capacity and Its Effect on the Microstructure of Mortar Made with Marine Sand

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4169

Author(s):

Congtao Sun ◽

Ming Sun ◽

Tao Tao ◽

Feng Qu ◽

Gongxun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binding Capacity ◽

Chloride Content ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Chloride Binding ◽

River Sand ◽

Total Chloride ◽

Curing Period ◽

Marine Sand ◽

Bound Chloride

Chloride binding capacity and its effect on the microstructure of mortar made with marine sand (MS), washed MS (WMS) and river sand (RS) were investigated in this study. The chloride contents, hydration products, micromorphology and pore structures of mortars were analyzed. The results showed that there was a diffusion trend for chloride ions from the surface of fine aggregate to cement hydrated products. During the whole curing period, the free chloride content in the mortars made by MS and WMS increased firstly, then decreased and stabilized finally with time. However, the total chloride content of three types of mortar hardly changed. The bound chloride content in the mortars made by MS and WMS slightly increased with time, and the bound chloride content included the MS, the WMS and the RS arranged from high to low. C3A·CaCl2·10H2O (Friedel’s salt) was formed at the early age and existed throughout the curing period. Moreover, the volume of fine capillary pore with a size of 10–100 nm increased in the MS and WMS mortar.

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Effects of Two Polypropylene Fibers on the Properties of High Strength Concrete

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 357-360 ◽

pp. 1328-1331

Author(s):

Bai Rui Zhou ◽

Dong Dong Han ◽

Jian Hua Yang ◽

Yi Liang Peng ◽

Guo Xin Li

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

High Strength Concrete ◽

Polypropylene Fiber ◽

High Strength ◽

Polypropylene Fibers ◽

Strength Concrete ◽

Reticular Fiber ◽

Binder Ratio ◽

Water To Binder Ratio

Portland cement, crushed stone, sand and superplasticizer were used to obtain a high strength concrete with a low water to binder ratio. A reticular polypropylene fiber and a single polypropylene fiber were used to improve the strength of the high strength concrete, but the effects of the two fibers on the slump and strengths were quite different. The reasons of the differences were the surface area and the modulus of elasticity of the fibers. The results show the reticular fiber was better to used in high strength concretes.

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