scholarly journals Addressing Supply-Side Hurdles to Gender-Equal Representation in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2-2018) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Louise K. Davidson-Schmich
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Elective Office ◽  
Party Members ◽  
The Right

One hundred years after being granted the right to active suffrage, German women remain underrepresented in elective office. Quotas have partially addressed demand-side barriers to gender parity in descriptive representation, but significant supply-side gaps remain. Men comprise over 70% of political party members in the Federal Republic, dominating the bodies that provide candidates for elective office. Solutions to this supply-side problem have often focused on “fixing” women to fit into gendered party institutions, rather than altering these structures to be more welcoming to women. In contrast, drawing on interviews with (potential) party members in Germany, this article identifies informal institutions that deter gender-balanced involvement in political parties and suggests ways in which these norms might be changed.

scholarly journals Hak Recall Partai Politik Terhadap Status Keanggotaan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Muhamad Aljebra Aliksan Rauf ◽  
Marten Bunga ◽  
Hardianto Djanggih
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Household Budget ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legislative Assembly

This study aims to analyze the nature of political party recall rights to the membership of the House of Representatives; recall rights of members of the People's Legislative Assembly by political parties whether they are in accordance with the principles of a democratic state based on law; Juridical consequences of recall rights if they remain in the hands of political parties. This type of research is normative law research. The results of the study indicate that the nature of the right of Recall by political parties to the membership of the People's Legislative Assembly is that political party members who sit in parliamentary seats remain supervised by political parties as political organizations that carry on the democratic stage in order to be submissive and obedient to party policies even if they are against the spirit struggle of the people's representatives. The right of a political party's recall is not in accordance with the principles of a democratic state, if the reason for recalling the membership of the House of Representatives is only limited to members of the House of Representatives who violate the Articles of Association and Household Budget. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Hakikat hak recall partai politik terhadap keanggotaan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat; hak recall terhadap anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat oleh partai politik apakah telah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip negara demokrasi yang berdasarkan hukum; konsekuensi yuridis hak recall apabila tetap berada di tangan partai politik. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatf. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakikat Hak Recall oleh partai politik terhadap keanggotaan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat adalah agar anggota partai politik yang duduk di kursi parlemen tetap diawasi oleh partai politik sebagai organisasi politik yang mengusung dalam pentas demokrasi agar tunduk dan patuh terhadap kebijakan partai sekalipun bertentangan dengan semangat perjuangan wakil rakyat. Hak Recall Partai Politik tidak sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip negara demokrasi, apabila alasan merecall keanggotaan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat hanyalah sebatas anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat melakukan pelanggaran terhadap Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga Partai politik.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Intra-Party Elections in Pakistan: A Study of Major Political Parties

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Shaukat Ullah ◽  
Amna Mahmood ◽  
Surat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Party Members ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bottom To Top

The article covers the need and importance of intra-party elections in Pakistan. It is an essential mode to observe internal democracy in a political party and a gateway to promote ordinary members from bottom to top in leadership position. Intra-party democracy played key role in the production of new leadership from the grass-roots level. The intra-party democracy is significant for the stability of a political system. It also engaged the party members to defend and explain the party policies in the right way. Hence, intra-party democracy provides a leading role to all registered members to participate directly or indirectly in the process of decision making. In Pakistan, political parties and state politics revolve around personalities and some monastic families. Even mainstream political parties of Pakistan avoided intra-party elections and leading leadership comes from the top through direct nomination. In this way all the portfolios within the parties are conformed. This paper further explores that what are the challenges faced by a real and authentic intra-party elections in Pakistani political parties and why political parties avoided an intra-party election. The study concludes that in practice the grass-roots members of political parties are ignored in all crucial decisions making within the party.

Coalition Agreements in the Federal Republic of Germany as a Juridical Problem

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-558
Author(s):  
Helmuth Schulze-Fielitz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Majority Vote ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Legislative Period ◽  
Absolute Majority ◽  
Party Members ◽  
The Government ◽  
Party State

Coalition agreements are resolutions which come into existence for a legislative period fixed by the agreement of two or more political parties. These parties are part of a ‘parliament’, which by a majority vote decides to form and support a government. Such practice, however, can be carried out only by a ‘hung parliament’ consisting of several political parties, each enjoying less than an evident absolute majority, and thus unable to form a government membered by a single political party.Once in existence, the coalition stands as agreed by the parties forming the government. The party members are obliged to co-operate in order to promote the interests of the government of the ‘multi-party-state’, in accordance with the constitution.

Rules of Engagement?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Kosiara-Pedersen ◽  
Susan E. Scarrow ◽  
Emilie van Haute
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
The Political ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Party Membership ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Party Members

This chapter investigates whether variations in party affiliation rules have political consequences, looking in particular at their effects on partisan participation. The research presented here combines data from the Political Party Database (PPDB) with surveys of party members and party supporters, looking for evidence of whether potential affiliates’ behaviour is sensitive to the relative costs of party membership. The data suggest that such sensitivity exists, with supporters being more likely to join parties which offer more benefits, and which offer membership at a lower price. They are also less likely to acquire traditional membership if cheaper affiliation options exist. Conversely, when membership is relatively costly, those who do join are more likely to use their membership by being active in the party. Our findings provide some support for demand-side views of party membership, according to which political parties are able to use membership rules to affect who joins a party.

The Effects of Manifesto Politics on Programmatic Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Hennl ◽  
Simon Tobias Franzmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Decision Mode ◽  
Programmatic Change

The formulation of policies constitutes a core business of political parties in modern democracies. Using the novel data of the Political Party Database (PPDB) Project and the data of the Manifesto Project (MARPOR), the authors of this chapter aim at a systematic test of the causal link between the intra-party decision mode on the electoral manifestos and the extent of programmatic change. What are the effects of the politics of manifesto formulation on the degree of policy change? Theoretically, the authors distinguish the drafting process from the final enactment of the manifesto. Empirically, they show that a higher autonomy of the party elite in formulating the manifesto leads to a higher degree of programmatic change. If party members constrain party elite’s autonomy, they tend to veto major changes.

scholarly journals Refractory Frontier: Intra-party Democracy in the Zambian Polity

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
John Bwalya ◽  
Owen B. Sichone
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
National Development ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Leadership Transitions ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Selection Of

Despite the important role that intra-party democracy plays in democratic consolidation, particularly in third-wave democracies, it has not received as much attention as inter-party democracy. Based on the Zambian polity, this article uses the concept of selectocracy to explain why, to a large extent, intra-party democracy has remained a refractory frontier. Two traits of intra-party democracy are examined: leadership transitions at party president-level and the selection of political party members for key leadership positions. The present study of four political parties: United National Independence Party (UNIP), Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), United Party for National Development (UPND) and Patriotic Front (PF) demonstrates that the iron law of oligarchy predominates leadership transitions and selection. Within this milieu, intertwined but fluid factors, inimical to democratic consolidation but underpinning selectocracy, are explained.

Populism in Bulgaria

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Blagovesta Cholova ◽  
Jean-Michel De Waele
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Populist Movements

This article explores the success of populist parties in Bulgaria during the last decade. The first section focuses on the definition of populism and identifies the main populist parties in this country. The second part presents the development of these parties and their specific characteristic as well as the evolution of the “three waves” of populism in Bulgaria. The last section addresses the reasons for the success of these parties both in terms of supply side (the electorate) and the demand side (the strategy of the parties). The main conclusion is that this country is a fertile ground for populist movements due to the attitude of the electorate and the niche on the right-side of the political spectrum and that newly created parties use this opportunity of win elections but they remain short-lived because they cannot continue to mobilize populist rhetoric when they are in office and often face rapid decline.

scholarly journals Penguatan Partai Politik sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Pengadministrasian dan Pelembagaan Sistem Demokrasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-120
Author(s):  
Aprista Ristyawati
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
System Building ◽  
Party Members ◽  
The Law ◽  
Recruitment System

This study aims to determine the strengthening of political parties as a form of administration and institutionalization of democracy. The formulation of the problem in this study is: what are the main issues of political parties in Indonesia at this time and how are efforts to strengthen political parties as a form of democratic institutionalization. The method of approach used in this study is normative juridical and analytical descriptive that is describing the object that is the main problem, from the depiction taken an analysis that is adapted to existing legal theories and put the law as a norm system building. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 (three) Main Problems of Political Parties in Indonesia that occur at this time, namely the weakening ideology of political parties, the recruitment system and the cadre formation patterns of less qualified political party members, the crisis of fundraising / fundraising of political parties. Efforts must be made to strengthen political parties as a form of institutionalization of democracy, namely using the ideology of political parties that must be strengthened, improve the quality and strengthen the recruitment system and regeneration patterns of political party members and there must also be a strengthening of the political party's fundraising system.Keywords: Political Parties, institutionalization of democracy Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan tuntuk mengetahui penguatan partai politik sebagai salah satu bentuk pelembagaan demokrasi. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dan bersifat deskriptif analitis yaitu menggambarkan objek yang menjadi pokok permasalahan, dari penggambaran tersebut diambil suatu analisa yang disesuaikan dengan teori-teori hukum yang ada dan meletakan hukum sebagai sebuah bangunan sistem norma. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Ada 3 (tiga) Problem Utama Partai Politik di Indonesia yang terjadi pada saat ini, yaitu ideologi partai politik yang semakin melemah, sistem rekrutmen dan pola kaderisasi anggota partai politik yang kurang berkualitas, krisis pengumpulan dana / Fundraising pada partai politik. Upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk memperkuat Partai Politik sebagai salah satu bentuk pelembagaan Demokrasi yaitu dengan cara ideologi Partai Politik harus diperkuat, meningkatkan kualitas dan memperkuat sistem rekrutmen dan pola kaderisasi anggota partai politik dan juga harus ada penguatan sistem pengumpulan dana (Fundraising) Partai Politik. Kata Kunci : Partai Politik, pelembagaan demokrasi

scholarly journals Eksistensi Partai Politik Lokal di Provinsi Papua Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 41/PUU-XVII/2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Galih Raka Siwi ◽  
Reviansyah Erlianto ◽  
Maharani Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Legal Uncertainty ◽  
The Right

The existence of local political parties in Indonesia is a tangible form of the existence of special autonomy in a certain area. The specificity of a certain area is regulated in the 1945 Constitution Article 18B paragraph (1). In addition, the formation of local political parties is one of the human rights in the political field, as stated in Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. The research method uses a normative juridical approach with secondary data and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Based on research, Papua Province has the right to form political parties (see Article 28 paragraph (1) of the Papua Province Special Autonomy Law). However, the phrase "political party" is considered to have multiple interpretations, thus creating legal uncertainty. Through the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 41/PUU-XVII/2019, the legal uncertainty can be guaranteed by the Constitutional Court Decision. In the future, by looking at the background and real needs of the Papua Province, it is possible to form a Local Political Party in the Papua Province, considering the condition of the Papua Province as a special autonomous region.Partai politik lokal di Indonesia merupakan wujud nyata adanya otonomi khusus di suatu daerah. Kekhususan suatu daerah diatur dalam UUD 1945 Pasal 18B ayat (1). Selain itu, pembentukan partai politik lokal merupakan salah satu hak asasi manusia di bidang politik, sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 28E ayat (3) UUD 1945. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan data sekunder dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian, Provinsi Papua berhak membentuk partai politik (lihat Pasal 28 ayat (1) UU Otsus Provinsi Papua). Namun, ungkapan “partai politik” dianggap memiliki multitafsir sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Melalui putusan MK Nomor 41/PUU-XVII/2019, ketidakpastian hukum dapat dijamin oleh Putusan MK tersebut. Ke depan, dengan melihat latar belakang dan kebutuhan riil Provinsi Papua, dimung­kinkan dibentuknya Partai Politik Lokal di Provinsi Papua, mengingat kondisi Provinsi Papua sebagai daerah otonomi khusus.

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