Household budget management and women’s position in peasant families in the Polish lands in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

This article attempts to answer the question about the position of women in Polish peasant families in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries based on the memoirs of rural women. Contrary to the claim that taking control over the household budget gave women more power on the farm, memoirs of peasant women show that it was rather an additional duty and responsibility. This problem mainly affected low-income families, where income from typically male activities was insufficient, so homemakers supported the family from the female part of the farm: gardening and dairy production. Thus, despite the decisive importance of women’s earnings for the household budget, their power in the family had only a symbolic dimension.

A New Composite Lognormal-Pareto Type II Regression Model to Analyze Household Budget Data via Particle Swarm Optimization

When data exhibits heavy-tailed behavior, traditional regression approaches might be inadequate or inappropriate to model the data. In such data analyses, composite models, which are built by piecing together two or more weighted distributions at specified threshold(s), are alternative models. When data contain covariate information, composite regression models can be used. In the existing literature, there is not much work done on this topic. The only study is Gan and Valdez (2018)'s paper. In this study, a novel Lognormal-Pareto Type II composite regression model is proposed. Particle swarm optimization ( PSO ) is performed to obtain model parameters of the proposed model. The proposed model is applied to model monthly consumption expenditure and affecting factors. The data is obtained from the National Household Budget Survey, which is conducted annually by the Turkish Statistical Institute ( TurkStat ). Since the sampling design of the Household Budget Survey is stratified two-stage cluster sampling, the parameters are estimated under weighted data by updating the proposed model and PSO . Additionally, the proposed regression model performance is compared with Lognormal , Lomax , Gamma and Gamma-Pareto type II regression models. The results demonstrate that the proposed model provides an improved fit to data.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HOUSEHOLD EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE IN PAKISTAN: A MESSAGE FORWARD

This comparative study aims to examine household educational expenditure in Pakistan. The data was collected from Pakistan household budget surveys 2013-14, 2015-16 and 2018-19. To meet the objectives of study, descriptive, two sample t-test and Working-Leser model through econometric regression were performed for the confirmation of hypotheses. Results of the study show that educational expenditure increased from US$213.29 household-1 in 2013-14 to US$280.94 household-1 in 2015- 16 and there is obtained slightly increased in educational expenditure (i.e., from US$280.94 household-1 to US$281.06 household-1 ) from 2015-16 to 2018-19. A significant increase in household educational expenditure in Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces obtained while educational expenditure of households belongs to Balochistan decreased (i.e., from US$211. 94 household-1 in 2015 to US$128.76 household-1 in 2018). There is obtained positive and statistically significant impact of logarithm income on budget shares of education. Education expenditure elasticity turns out greater than one, which advocates households treat education as expensive one. Findings of study reveals that expenditure on fees and books accounts for more than 80 per cent share of household total educational expenditure. Keeping in view the findings of study, some lucrative policies are recommended for educational development at household level in Pakistan.

Pengelolaan Keuangan Keluarga Dan Pengenalan Dasar-Dasar Investasi Menuju Keluarga Mandiri Bagi Ibu-Ibu Majlis Taklim Al Auladiyah Di Kelurahan Bakti Jaya Kecamatan Setu Tangerang Selatan

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) which is called Community Service Activities was held from 6-8 July 2020 as a form to fulfilling the obligations of the higher education of Tri Dharma at Pamulang University. The purpose of this PKM is to Introduce Fundamental Investment and Financial Management Towards Independent Family For Majelis Taklim Al Auladiyah in Tangerang Selatan. Financial management for the family is needed so, therefore, all family needs such as food, clothes, shelter, school fee, or desire to buy a new motorbike/car can be fulfilled. First things first are getting to know your financial condition, and determine your needs not to wants, and choose top priority, the family has to prepare a household budget for current and future needs avoids unnecessary desires, and don’t “Big Pegs than the Pole” neither. One of the stages of financial family planning is preparing a household budget to prevent financial failure in the household. The result or output of this activity is to increase knowledge of the importance of understanding, financial arrangements, improve family welfare to avoid dependence on borrowing money from creditors.

Catastrophic Expenditure on Medicines: An Analysis Based on The Portuguese Household Budget Survey 2015/2016

Financial protection is a core dimension of health system evaluation; therefore, several works on catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) have been developed. There are, however, some gaps in the literature; hence, this work aims to look at CHE from a different angle, analysing the money spent by households.