scholarly journals Effects of a Canary pine forest wildfire (Tenerife, Canary Islands, summer 2007) on selected soil properties and their relationship with short- to medium-term soil water repellency .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Hernández ◽  
Natalia Rodríguez ◽  
Marcelino del Arco ◽  
Carmen Dolores Arbelo ◽  
Jesús Notario del Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
The Impact

Forest fires modify the soil environment, often triggering severe soil degradation. In this paper, we studied the impact of a large northern Tenerife Canariy pine forest wildfire on a set of relevant soil properties, focusing on their evolution in time and relationship with soil water repellency. To do this, soils were sampled at four sites (burned and non-burned) and several soil physical and chemical parameters were measured. The results show significant variations for soil pH, electric conductivity (CE<sub>1:5</sub>), and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N between burned and non-burned samples, whereas non-significant increases were found in burned soils for oxidizable carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>), total nitrogen (N<sub>tot</sub>) , Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>, and soil hydrophobicity. The differences caused by the fire were no longer evident one year later. Furthermore, in one sampling site (Vitric Leptosols under low pine forest with a mixed heath/beech tree understory) a wide variation in the content of C<sub>ox</sub> and N<sub>tot</sub> and high water repellency was observed relative to the other sites. These differences can be attributed to the composition of the understory vegetation. Significant correlations between soil hydrophobicity with CE<sub>1:5</sub>, aggregate stability and the contents of C<sub>ox</sub>, N<sub>tot</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> were found.

The impact of heating on the hydraulic properties of soils sampled under different plant cover

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliam Novák ◽  
Ľubomír Lichner ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Karol Kňava
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penetration Time

AbstractThe impact of heating on the peristence of water repellency, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and water retention characteristics was examined on soils from both forest and meadow sites in southwest Slovakia shortly after a wet spell. The top 5 cm of meadow soils had an initial water drop penetration time WDPT at 20°C of 457 s, whereas WDPT in the pine forest was 315 s for the top 5 cm and 982 s if only the top 1 cm was measured. Heating soils at selected temperatures of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300°C caused a marked drop in water drop penetration time WDPT from the initial value at 20°C. However, samples collected in different years and following an imposed cycle of wetting and drying showed much different trends, with WDPT sometimes initially increasing with temperature, followed by a drop after 200–300°C. The impact of heating temperature on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil was small. It was found for both the drying and wetting branches of soil water retention curves that an increase in soil water repellency resulted in a drop in soil water content at the same matric potential. The persistence of soil water repellency was strongly influenced by both the sampling site and time of sampling, as it was characterized by the results of WDPT tests.

scholarly journals Post-Fire Impacts of Vegetation Burning on Soil Properties and Water Repellency in a Pine Forest, South Korea

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Qiwen Li ◽  
Sujung Ahn ◽  
Taehyun Kim ◽  
Sangjun Im
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Soil Water Repellency

Forest fires can have a direct and immediate impact on soil properties, particularly soil water repellency. This study investigated the direct impacts of the Gangneung forest fire of 2019 on soil properties and the spatial variability of soil water repellency with vegetation burn severity in the Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc) forest of South Korea. A total of 36 soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0–5 cm, 10–15 cm, and 20–25 cm from three burned sites, representing surface-fuel consumption (SC), foliage necrosis (FN), and crown-fuel consumption (CC), respectively. An unburned site was also used as a control. Soil properties such as soil texture, pH, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were analyzed in the laboratory. The increase in the sand fraction near the soil surface after a fire was associated with changes in silt and clay fractions. Moderate to high vegetation burn severity at the FN and CC sites caused a decrease in soil pH due to the thermal destruction of kaolinite mineral structure, but organic matter combustion on the soil surface increased soil pH at the SC site. Forest fires led to increases in total organic carbon at the FN and SC sites, owing to the external input of heat damaged foliage and burnt materials. Molarity of an ethanol droplet (MED) tests were also conducted to measure the presence and intensity of soil water repellency from different locations and soil depths. MED tests showed that vegetation burn severity was important for determining the strength of water repellency, because severely burned sites tended to have stronger water repellency of soil than slightly burned sites. Unburned soils had very hydrophilic characteristics across soil depths, but a considerably thick hydrophobic layer was found in severely burned sites. The soil water repellency tended to be stronger on steep (>30°) slopes than on gentle (<15°) slopes.

Soil water repellency persistence after recurrent forest fires on Mount Carmel, Israel

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Tessler ◽  
Lea Wittenberg ◽  
Noam Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

Variations in forest fires regime affect: (1) the natural patterns of community structure and vegetation; (2) the physico-chemical properties of soils and consequently (3) runoff, erosion and sediment yield. In recent decades the Mediterranean ecosystem of Mount Carmel, north-western Israel, is subjected to an increasing number of forest fires, thus, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the long-term effects of single and recurrent fires on soil water repellency (WR) and organic matter (OM) content. Water repellency was studied by applying water drop penetration time (WDPT) tests at sites burnt by single-fire, two fires, three fires and unburnt control sites. Water repellency in the burnt sites was significantly lower than in the unburnt control sites, and the soil maintained its wettability for more than 2 decades, whereas after recurrent fires, the rehabilitation was more complicated and protracted. The OM content was significantly lower after recurrent than after a single fire, causing a clear proportional decrease in WR. The rehabilitation of WR to natural values is highly dependent on restoration of organic matter and revegetation. Recurrent fires may cause a delay in recovery and reduced productivity of the soil for a long period.

scholarly journals Eucalyptus reforestation induces soil water repellency

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Walden ◽  
R. J. Harper ◽  
D. S. Mendham ◽  
D. J. Henry ◽  
J. B. Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Hydrophobic Compounds

There is an increasing interest in eucalypt reforestation for a range of purposes in Australia, including pulp-wood production, carbon mitigation and catchment water management. The impacts of this reforestation on soil water repellency have not been examined despite eucalypts often being associated with water repellency and water repellency having impacts on water movement across and within soils. To investigate the role of eucalypt reforestation on water repellency, and interactions with soil properties, we examined 31 sites across the south-west of Western Australia with paired plots differing only in present land use (pasture v. plantation). The incidence and severity of water repellency increased in the 5–8 years following reforestation with Eucalyptus globulus. Despite this difference in water repellency, there were no differences in soil characteristics, including soil organic carbon content or composition, between pasture and plantation soils, suggesting induction by small amounts of hydrophobic compounds from the trees. The incidence of soil water repellency was generally greater on sandy-surfaced (<10% clay content) soils; however, for these soils 72% of the pasture sites and 31% of the plantation were not water repellent, and this was independent of measured soil properties. Computer modelling revealed marked differences in the layering and packing of waxes on kaolinite and quartz surfaces, indicating the importance of interfacial interactions in the development of soil water repellency. The implications of increased water repellency for the management of eucalyptus plantations are considered.

A novel approach to quantify the impact of soil water repellency on run-off and solute loss

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 221-222 ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramsothy Jeyakumar ◽  
Karin Müller ◽  
Markus Deurer ◽  
Carlo van den Dijssel ◽  
Karen Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The Impact

Influence of crop residues and nitrogen fertilizer on soil water repellency and soil hydrophobicity under long-term no-till

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
M.L. Owen ◽  
B.H. Ellert ◽  
X.M. Yang ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Organic C ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity

Crop residues and N fertilizer under no-till may increase soil water repellency (SWR) and soil hydrophobicity, but few studies have examined these two treatment factors and their interaction. A laboratory study was conducted using a long-term (since 1999) field experiment on a clay loam soil to determine the effect of three crop residues and two N fertilizer levels on SWR and soil hydrophobicity under no-till within the Dark Brown soil zone of the semi-arid Canadian prairies. The three residue treatments were residues removed from soil (Rx0), residues returned to soil (Rx1), and residues supplemented to soil (Rx2). The two fertilizer N treatments were 0 (N0) and 45 kg N ha−1 (N1). Surface (0–10 cm) soil samples were taken in the spring of 2017 after 17 yr. Laboratory measurements were conducted on air-dried and sieved (<2 mm) soil to determine SWR using the repellency index method (RI), soil organic C, hydrophobic CH and hydrophilic CO functional groups, and soil hydrophobicity (CH/CO ratio). Mean RI values ranged from 2.19 to 2.75, indicating subcritical (RI > 1.95) SWR. Similar (P > 0.05) RI values were found for the three residue and two N fertilizer treatments, but the trend was for greater RI with increased residue addition (by 12%–26%) and N fertilizer (by 8%). Soil hydrophobicity was significantly greater by 47%–82% for straw returned or supplemented than straw removed treatments, and by 33% for fertilized than unfertilized treatments. Overall, greater residues and N fertilizer had no effect on SWR, but significantly increased soil hydrophobicity.

Petroleum residues as water-repellent substances in weathered nonwettable oil-contaminated soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Roy ◽  
William B. McGill ◽  
Marvin D. Rawluk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Petroleum Origin ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Some soils develop severe water repellency several years or decades following oil contamination. We previously reported on the characteristics of three such soils. Here we report on the characteristics of putative water-repellent substances in them. We examined the effectiveness of various polar, nonpolar and amphiphilic solvents for removal of water-repellent substances in three nonwettable soils. Only the amphiphilic solvent mixture isopropanol/14.8 M ammonia (7:3, vol/vol) (IPA/NH4OH) completely eliminated soil water repellency in all three soils. We thus define putative water-repellent substances as those substances whose removal from soil by IPA/NH4OH removes water repellency. High-resolution CPMAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy and thermal desorption followed by conventional gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy with electron impact ionization (GC/EI/MS) and GC/MS with chemical ionization (GC/CI/MS) were used to characterize extracted putative water-repellent substances. We conclude that: (i) the identified representatives of these substances consist mostly of homologous series of long-chain and polycyclic aliphatic organic compounds; namely, n-fatty acids, n-alkanes, and cycloalkanes, and that (ii) they are of petroleum origin rather than plant or microbial origin. Key words: Soil hydrophobicity, petroleum hydrocarbons, soil water repellency, amphiphilic solvents, crude oil, nonwettable soil

scholarly journals Certain Soil Surfactants Could Become a Source of Soil Water Repellency after Repeated Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2577
Author(s):  
Enzhan Song ◽  
Keith W. Goyne ◽  
Robert J. Kremer ◽  
Stephen H. Anderson ◽  
Xi Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Wetting Agents

Repeated application of soil surfactants, or wetting agents, is a common practice for alleviating soil water repellency associated with soil organic coatings. However, wetting agents are organic compounds that may also coat soil particle surfaces and reduce wettability. For this experiment, hydrophobic sands from the field and fresh, wettable sands were collected and treated with either a polyoxyalkylene polymer (PoAP) or alkyl block polymer (ABP) wetting agent, or water only treatments served as a control. Following repeated treatment application and sequential washings, dissolved and particulate organic carbon (OC) were detected in the leachates of both sand systems. The total amount of OC recovered in leachates was 88% or less than the OC introduced by the wetting agents, indicating sorption of wetting agent monomers to soil particle surfaces regardless of soil hydrophobicity status. While ABP treatment did not alter solid phase organic carbon (SOC) in the sands studied, PoAP application increased SOC by 16% and 45% which was visible in scanning electronic microscopy images, for hydrophobic and wettable sands, respectively. PoAP application also increased the hydrophobicity of both sands that were studied. In contrast, ABP treatment increased the wettability of hydrophobic sand. Our results provide strong evidence that certain wetting agents may increase soil hydrophobicity and exacerbate wettability challenges if used repeatedly over time.

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