High sensitivity, high surface area Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

<div>Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of various physiological brain functions, including learning, motivation, reward, and motor functions. The development of a high sensitivity real-time sensor for multi-site detection of DA with high spatial resolution has critical implications for both neuroscience and clinical communities to improve understanding and treatments of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present high-surface area out-of-plane grown three-dimensional (3D) fuzzy graphene (3DFG) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for highly selective, sensitive, and stable DA electrochemical sensing. 3DFG microelectrodes present a remarkable sensitivity to DA (2.87 ± 0.25 nA/nM, with</div><div>LOD of 990±15 pM), the highest reported for nanocarbon MEAs using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV). The high surface area of 3DFG allows for miniaturization of electrode down to 2 x 2 μm^2, without compromising the electrochemical performance. Moreover, 3DFG MEAs are electrochemically stable under 7.2 million scans of continuous FSCV cycling, present exceptional selectivity over the most common interferents in vitro with minimum fouling by electrochemical byproducts, and can discriminate DA and serotonin (5-HT) in response to the injection of their 50:50 mixture. These results highlight the potential of 3DFG MEAs as a promising platform for FSCV based multi-site detection of DA with high sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution.</div>

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High Sensitivity Photonic Crystal Biosensor Incorporating Nanorod Structures for Enhanced Surface Area

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1010-v06-10 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Nikhil Ganesh ◽

Ian D. Block ◽

Brian T. Cunningham

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Surface Area ◽

Mass Density ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Porous Titanium ◽

Glancing Angle ◽

Adsorbed Mass ◽

Enhanced Surface

AbstractWe report efforts at enhancement of the surface area of a photonic crystal biosensor through incorporation of a porous titanium dioxide film into the device. The film possessing the structure of nanorods is deposited by the glancing angle deposition technique. Results for detection of polymer films, large proteins and small molecules indicate up to a four-fold enhancement of detected adsorbed mass density for high surface area sensors, compared with sensors without the high surface area coating.

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Integrating Colloidal Quantum Dots with Porous Silicon for High Sensitivity Biosensing

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2011.554 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1301 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Girija Gaur ◽

Dmitry Koktysh ◽

Sharon M. Weiss

Keyword(s):

Porous Silicon ◽

Surface Area ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Detection Scheme ◽

Mode Detection ◽

Cdte Qds ◽

Refractive Index Increase

ABSTRACTWe aim to utilize the high surface area of a porous silicon (PSi) matrix coupled with semiconductor quantum dot (QD) amplifiers for ultrasensitive optical detection of small biomolecules using a dual-mode detection scheme. In our system, QDs attached to the target biomolecule serve as signal amplifiers by providing an additional refractive index increase beyond that of the smaller target molecules. The strong photoluminescence (PL) from the QDs serves as a secondary indication of target molecule attachment in the pores. A resulting increase in optical thickness of ∼190 nm and detection sensitivity of ∼700 nm/RIU have been demonstrated for attachment of glutathione capped CdTe QDs in the porous silicon matrix. Reflectance and PL measurements, combined with simulations, have been used to characterize the surface area coverage of the QDs within the porous framework, which is estimated at 10% for glutathione capped CdTe QDs.

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High Surface Area 3D Hierarchical Ni(OH)2-Coated Ni Microflowers for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor with High Sensitivity and Low Detection Limit

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2016-02/50/3756 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Surface Area ◽

Glucose Sensor ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Low Detection Limit

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3D Fuzzy Graphene Microelectrode Array for Neurotransmitter Sensing at Sub-cellular Spatial Resolution

10.26434/chemrxiv.13235348 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Castagnola ◽

Raghav Garg ◽

Sahil Rastogi ◽

Tzahi Cohen-Karni ◽

Xinyan Tracy Cui

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Microelectrode Array ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Electrochemical Sensing ◽

Brain Functions

<div>Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of various physiological brain functions, including learning, motivation, reward, and motor functions. The development of a high sensitivity real-time sensor for multi-site detection of DA with high spatial resolution has critical implications for both neuroscience and clinical communities to improve understanding and treatments of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present high-surface area out-of-plane grown three-dimensional (3D) fuzzy graphene (3DFG) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for highly selective, sensitive, and stable DA electrochemical sensing. 3DFG microelectrodes present a remarkable sensitivity to DA (2.87 ± 0.25 nA/nM, with</div><div>LOD of 990±15 pM), the highest reported for nanocarbon MEAs using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV). The high surface area of 3DFG allows for miniaturization of electrode down to 2 x 2 μm^2, without compromising the electrochemical performance. Moreover, 3DFG MEAs are electrochemically stable under 7.2 million scans of continuous FSCV cycling, present exceptional selectivity over the most common interferents in vitro with minimum fouling by electrochemical byproducts, and can discriminate DA and serotonin (5-HT) in response to the injection of their 50:50 mixture. These results highlight the potential of 3DFG MEAs as a promising platform for FSCV based multi-site detection of DA with high sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution.</div>

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Preparation of Polyaniline/Cu-BTC Composite and its Sensing Application for Ammonia

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.748.353 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 748 ◽

pp. 353-357

Author(s):

Yong Jin Zou ◽

Ying Yin ◽

Hai Tao Zhang ◽

Fen Xu ◽

Li Xian Sun

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

High Surface ◽

Hydrothermal Process ◽

High Surface Area ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Pani Composite ◽

Sensing Application ◽

Sensing Performance

In this study, a newly materials based on copper–benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate/polyaniline (PANI/Cu-BTC) composite was investigated for NH3 sensing. Cu-BTC was grown on the PANI a hydrothermal process. The sensing performance of as-grown product was studied for different concentrations of NH3 at room temperature. The results reveal that Cu-BTC/PANI composite exhibit high sensitivity toward NH3. The good sensing performance of the composite was attributed to high surface area and good affinity of Cu-BTC for NH3, which can act like preconcentrator for the NH3 gas sensing.

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Tenacious Mass Transfer Limitations Drive Catalytic Selectivity during Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

10.26434/chemrxiv.7770338.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kailun Yang ◽

Recep Kas ◽

Wilson A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Catalyst Layer ◽

Active Surface ◽

Active Surface Area ◽

High Concentration ◽

Copper Electrodes ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Local Current

<p>This study evaluated the performance of the commonly used strong buffer electrolytes, i.e. phosphate buffers, during CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction in neutral pH conditions by using in-situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Unfortunately, the buffers break down a lot faster than anticipated which has serious implications on many studies in the literature such as selectivity and kinetic analysis of the electrocatalysts. Increasing electrolyte concentration, surprisingly, did not extend the potential window of the phosphate buffers due to dramatic increase in hydrogen evolution reaction. Even high concentration phosphate buffers (1 M) break down within the potentials (-1 V vs RHE) where hydrocarbons are formed on copper electrodes. We have extended the discussion to high surface area electrodes by evaluating electrodes composed of copper nanowires. We would like highlight that it is not possible to cope with high local current densities on these high surface area electrodes by using high buffer capacity solutions and the CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts are needed to be evaluated by casting thin nanoparticle films onto inert substrates as commonly employed in fuel cell reactions and up to now scarcely employed in CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. In addition, we underscore that normalization of the electrocatalytic activity to the electrochemical active surface area is not the ultimate solution due to concentration gradient along the catalyst layer.This will “underestimate” the activity of high surface electrocatalyst and the degree of underestimation will depend on the thickness, porosity and morphology of the catalyst layer. </p> <p> </p>

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Rugae-like FeP nanocrystal assembly on a carbon cloth: an exceptionally efficient and stable cathode for hydrogen evolution

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c5nr02375k ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (25) ◽

pp. 10974-10981 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Xiulin Yang ◽

Ang-Yu Lu ◽

Yihan Zhu ◽

Shixiong Min ◽

Mohamed Nejib Hedhili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Phase ◽

Surface Area ◽

Hydrogen Evolution ◽

Hydrogen Generation ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Catalytic Efficiency ◽

Carbon Cloth ◽

Nanocrystal Assembly

High surface area FeP nanosheets on a carbon cloth were prepared by gas phase phosphidation of electroplated FeOOH, which exhibit exceptionally high catalytic efficiency and stability for hydrogen generation.

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