scholarly journals Research on Key Issues and Countermeasures of Internationalization of Chinese Enterprise Standards1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Pan ◽  
Lifei Yang ◽  
Lixin Yin
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Chinese Enterprise ◽  
Standard Information ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Technology Level

This paper mainly discusses the current situation of the internationalization development the issues and challenges faced of enterprise standards in China in recent years, and the countermeasures and suggestions to be taken in the future. The research methods of qualitative analysis and case studies are mainly adopted. Both primary and secondary information resources are collected for an analysis and recognition of the progress of internationalization of Chinese enterprise standards. The key issues in the internationalization process of Chinese enterprise standards are put forward through analysis of the lessons learned such as lack of consistency in technology standards and real needs in the process of internationalization of Chinese enterprise standards in the last two decades, especially in the practice of participating in foreign infrastructure construction. Under China’s “One Belt and One Road (B&R) Initiative”, the high quality Chinese enterprise standards and internationalization are the prerequisite for the realization of international cooperation in science and technology. The novelty of this paper is mainly reflected in the countermeasures and suggestions how to enhance the internationalization level of Chinese enterprise standards in accordance with the initiatives of the “B&R” construction and the countries concerned actual needs. These include to further improve the technology level and quality of enterprise standards, improve the applicability of Chinese enterprise standards, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in the field of standardization, establish and improve standard information resource sharing in big data environment, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and realize mutual benefit and win-win situation in “B&R” international cooperation.

Medical Informatics and the Quality of Health: New Approaches to Support Patient Care

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Haux ◽  
C. Kulikowski ◽  
A. Bohne ◽  
R. Brandner ◽  
B. Brigl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Future Challenges

Summary Objectives: The Yearbook of Medical Informatics is published annually by the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and contains a selection of excellent papers on medical informatics research which have been recently published (www.yearbook.uni-hd.de). The 2003 Yearbook of Medical Informatics took as its theme the role of medical informatics for the quality of health care. In this paper, we will discuss challenges for health care, and the lessons learned from editing IMIA Yearbook 2003. Results and Conclusions: Modern information processing methodology and information and communication technology have strongly influenced our societies and health care. As a consequence of this, medical informatics as a discipline has taken a leading role in the further development of health care. This involves developing information systems that enhance opportunities for global access to health services and medical knowledge. Informatics methodology and technology will facilitate high quality of care in aging societies, and will decrease the possibilities of health care errors. It will also enable the dissemination of the latest medical and health information on the web to consumers and health care providers alike. The selected papers of the IMIA Yearbook 2003 present clear examples and future challenges, and they highlight how various sub-disciplines of medical informatics can contribute to this.

scholarly journals Pre-Flight Calibration of the Mars 2020 Rover Mastcam Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imager

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Hayes ◽  
P. Corlies ◽  
C. Tate ◽  
M. Barrington ◽  
J. F. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Length ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Radiometric Calibration ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Bayer Pattern ◽  
Kennedy Space

AbstractThe NASA Perseverance rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) system is a pair of zoomable, focusable, multi-spectral, and color charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras mounted on top of a 1.7 m Remote Sensing Mast, along with associated electronics and two calibration targets. The cameras contain identical optical assemblies that can range in focal length from 26 mm ($25.5^{\circ }\, \times 19.1^{\circ }\ \mathrm{FOV}$ 25.5 ∘ × 19.1 ∘ FOV ) to 110 mm ($6.2^{\circ } \, \times 4.2^{\circ }\ \mathrm{FOV}$ 6.2 ∘ × 4.2 ∘ FOV ) and will acquire data at pixel scales of 148-540 μm at a range of 2 m and 7.4-27 cm at 1 km. The cameras are mounted on the rover’s mast with a stereo baseline of $24.3\pm 0.1$ 24.3 ± 0.1  cm and a toe-in angle of $1.17\pm 0.03^{\circ }$ 1.17 ± 0.03 ∘ (per camera). Each camera uses a Kodak KAI-2020 CCD with $1600\times 1200$ 1600 × 1200 active pixels and an 8 position filter wheel that contains an IR-cutoff filter for color imaging through the detectors’ Bayer-pattern filters, a neutral density (ND) solar filter for imaging the sun, and 6 narrow-band geology filters (16 total filters). An associated Digital Electronics Assembly provides command data interfaces to the rover, 11-to-8 bit companding, and JPEG compression capabilities. Herein, we describe pre-flight calibration of the Mastcam-Z instrument and characterize its radiometric and geometric behavior. Between April 26$^{th}$ t h and May 9$^{th}$ t h , 2019, ∼45,000 images were acquired during stand-alone calibration at Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) in San Diego, CA. Additional data were acquired during Assembly Test and Launch Operations (ATLO) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Kennedy Space Center. Results of the radiometric calibration validate a 5% absolute radiometric accuracy when using camera state parameters investigated during testing. When observing using camera state parameters not interrogated during calibration (e.g., non-canonical zoom positions), we conservatively estimate the absolute uncertainty to be $<10\%$ < 10 % . Image quality, measured via the amplitude of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) at Nyquist sampling (0.35 line pairs per pixel), shows $\mathrm{MTF}_{\mathit{Nyquist}}=0.26-0.50$ MTF Nyquist = 0.26 − 0.50 across all zoom, focus, and filter positions, exceeding the $>0.2$ > 0.2 design requirement. We discuss lessons learned from calibration and suggest tactical strategies that will optimize the quality of science data acquired during operation at Mars. While most results matched expectations, some surprises were discovered, such as a strong wavelength and temperature dependence on the radiometric coefficients and a scene-dependent dynamic component to the zero-exposure bias frames. Calibration results and derived accuracies were validated using a Geoboard target consisting of well-characterized geologic samples.

scholarly journals The increasing use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist: lessons learned at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Sama Dohbit ◽  
Namanou Ines Emma Woks ◽  
Carlin Héméry Koudjine ◽  
Willy Tafen ◽  
Pascal Foumane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Adoption Rate ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Asphyxia ◽  
Safe Childbirth Checklist ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Safe Childbirth

Abstract Background Safe childbirth remains a daunting challenge, particularly in low-middle income countries, where most pregnancy-related deaths occur. Cameroon’s maternal mortality rate, estimated at 529 per 100,000 live births in 2017, is significantly high. The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) was designed to improve the quality of care provided to pregnant women during childbirth. The SCC was implemented at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital to improve the quality of care during childbirth. Methods This study was a retrospective study to determine the adoption rate of the SCC and its association with maternal (eclampsia, perineal tears, and postpartum haemorrhage) and neonatal (stillbirth, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death) complications. Data were collected 6 months after the introduction of the SCC. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the use of the SCC and maternofoetal complications. Results Out of 1611 deliveries conducted, 1001 records were found, giving a retrieval rate of 62%. Twenty-five records were excluded. During the study period, the checklists were used in 828 of 976 clinical notes, with an adoption rate of 84.8% and a utilization rate of 93.9% at 6 months. Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia was associated with the non-use of the SCC (2.1 vs 5.4%, p = 0.041). Stillbirth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal death rates were not significantly different between the checklist and non-checklist groups. However, for all neonatal outcomes, the proportion of complications was lower when the checklist was used. Conclusion The use of the SCC was associated with significantly reduced pregnancy complications, especially for reducing the rates of severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. The use of the SCC increased to 93.9% of all deliveries within 6 months. We advocate for the use of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist in maternity units.

scholarly journals Life Quality and Participation of Disabled Children and Young People: Design and Methods of a Transformative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110167
Author(s):  
Snæfrídur Thóra Egilson ◽  
Linda B. Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Anna Sigrún Ingimarsdóttir ◽  
Freyja Haraldsdóttir ◽  
Ásta Jóhannsdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Design And Methods

The LIFE-DCY research project has two aims. First, to evaluate disabled children’s quality of life (QoL) as reported by themselves and their parents, and second, to locate commonalities, differences, and conflicting issues in the processes that may influence disabled children’s life quality and participation. This paper describes the study design, methodology, and methods along with lessons learned. In addition various methodological and ethical concerns are raised. A sequential mixed-methods design was applied. In Phase one (mapping) we used KIDSCREEN-27 to study how disabled children evaluate their QoL compared with the perspectives of their parents and those of non-disabled children and their parents. Using the Participation and environment measure we also studied parents’ perspectives of their children’s participation in different social contexts. Altogether 209 disabled children and their parents, and 335 children in a control group and their parents (paired reports) participated in phase one. Phase two (unpacking) consisted of 14 case studies with disabled children aged 8–18 years and focus groups with 21 disabled people aged 19–35 years. The initial analysis was inductive and data-oriented. We then used critical and transformative lenses to shed light on how meaning was made of life quality and participation in relation to the context in which study participants found themselves. The LIFE-DCY research promotes an understanding of how important aspects of life quality and participation may intersect within different contexts and at different times. The theoretical understandings from this study may also help unpack various aspects of childhood disability in terms of knowledge and power and enhance understandings of how ideas about normality and childhood disability are constructed.

How can we ensure the success of specialised palliative home-care? A qualitative study (ELSAH) identifying key issues from the perspective of patients, relatives and health professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921632110265
Author(s):  
Hannah Seipp ◽  
Jörg Haasenritter ◽  
Michaela Hach ◽  
Dorothée Becker ◽  
Lisa-R Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Palliative Home Care ◽  
Palliative Care Teams ◽  
Key Issues

Background: Specialised palliative home-care supports patients with life-limiting diseases in their familiar surroundings. The number of palliative care teams and patients being cared for is increasing worldwide. To assess and improve quality, it is needed to understand, how specialised palliative home-care can be provided successfully. For this purpose we examined the views of all involved stakeholders. Aim: To identify the issues that patients, their relatives and involved health professionals view as important in ensuring the success of specialised palliative home-care. Design: We used a qualitative design based on participant observations, interviews and focus groups following the principles of a Grounded Theory approach. Setting/participants: All specialised palliative home-care teams ( n = 22) caring for adults in Hesse, Germany, participated. We conducted participant observations ( n = 5), and interviewed patients ( n = 14), relatives ( n = 14) and health professionals working in or collaborating with specialised palliative home-care ( n = 30). We also conducted focus groups ( n = 4) with health professionals including a member check. Results: Successful specialised palliative home-care needs to treat complex symptoms, and provide comprehensive care including organisation of care, involving relatives and addressing issues of death and dying. Sense of security for patients and relatives is key to enable care at home. Care delivery preferences include a focus on the quality of relationships, respect for individuality and the facilitation of self-determination. Conclusions: Consideration of the identified key issues can help to ensure successful specialised palliative home-care. Knowledge of these should also be considered when researching and assessing quality of care. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS-ID: DRKS00012421; http://www.germanctr.de .

scholarly journals Can biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodelling and wound healing be used to identify high risk patients infected with SARS-CoV-2?: lessons learned from pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Leeming ◽  
F. Genovese ◽  
J. M. B. Sand ◽  
D. G. K. Rasmussen ◽  
C. Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Tissue Remodelling

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis has been identified as a main factor leading to pulmonary dysfunction and poor quality of life in post-recovery Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) survivor’s consequent to SARS-Cov-2 infection. Thus there is an urgent medical need for identification of readily available biomarkers that in patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection are able to; (1) identify patients in most need of medical care prior to admittance to an intensive care unit (ICU), and; (2) identify patients post-infection at risk of developing persistent fibrosis of lungs with subsequent impaired quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. An intense amount of research have focused on wound healing and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) remodelling of the lungs related to lung function decline in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). A range of non-invasive serological biomarkers, reflecting tissue remodelling, and fibrosis have been shown to predict risk of acute exacerbations, lung function decline and mortality in PF and other interstitial lung diseases (Sand et al. in Respir Res 19:82, 2018). We suggest that lessons learned from such PF studies of the pathological processes leading to lung function decline could be used to better identify patients infected with SARS-Co-V2 at most risk of acute deterioration or persistent fibrotic damage of the lung and could consequently be used to guide treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Locked Out

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERONICA JOHANSSON ◽  
SURJO R. SOEKADAR ◽  
JENS CLAUSEN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Key Issues

Abstract:Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) can enable communication for persons in severe paralysis including locked-in syndrome (LIS); that is, being unable to move or speak while aware. In cases of complete loss of muscle control, termed “complete locked-in syndrome,” a BCI may be the only viable solution to restore communication. However, a widespread ignorance regarding quality of life in LIS, current BCIs, and their potential as an assistive technology for persons in LIS, needlessly causes a harmful situation for this cohort. In addition to their medical condition, these persons also face social barriers often perceived as more impairing than their physical condition. Through social exclusion, stigmatization, and frequently being underestimated in their abilities, these persons are being locked out in addition to being locked-in. In this article, we (1) show how persons in LIS are being locked out, including how key issues addressed in the existing literature on ethics, LIS, and BCIs for communication, such as autonomy, quality of life, and advance directives, may reinforce these confinements; (2) show how these practices violate the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and suggest that we have a moral responsibility to prevent and stop this exclusion; and (3) discuss the role of BCIs for communication as one means to this end and suggest that a novel approach to BCI research is necessary to acknowledge the moral responsibility toward the end users and avoid violating the human rights of persons in LIS.

Lessons Learned from National Food Fortification Projects: Experiences from Morocco, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. S281-S292 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Wirth ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Fabian Rohner ◽  
Christine A. Northrop-Clewes ◽  
Barbara Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data Source

Background Fortification of staple foods has been repeatedly recommended as an effective approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies. With the increased number of fortification projects globally, there is a need to share practical lessons learned relating to their implementation and responses to project-related and external challenges. Objective To document the achievements, challenges, lessons learned, and management responses associated with national fortification projects in Morocco, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. Methods Independent end-of-project evaluations conducted for each project served as the primary data source and contain the history of, and project activities undertaken for, each fortification project. Other sources, including national policy documents, project reports from the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and other stakeholders, industry assessments, and peer-reviewed articles, were used to document the current responses to challenges and future project plans. Results All projects had key achievements related to the development of fortification standards and the procurement of equipment for participating industry partners. Mandatory fortification of wheat flour was a key success in Morocco and Uzbekistan. Ensuring the quality of fortified foods was a common challenge experienced across the projects, as were shifts in consumption patterns and market structures. Adjustments were made to the projects' design to address the challenges faced. Conclusions National fortification projects are dynamic and must be continually modified in response to specific performance issues and broader shifts in market structure and consumption patterns.

scholarly journals An Update on the Controversies in Anemia Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: Lessons Learned and Lost

Anemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Teehan ◽  
Robert L. Benz
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Anemia Management ◽  
Erythropoietin Deficiency ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background. Erythropoietin deficiency and anemia occur in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and may be treated with Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESAs). The optimal hemoglobin, in non-End Stage Renal Disease CKD, is controversial.Methods. We review three recent randomized trials in anemia in CKD: CHOIR, CREATE, and TREAT.Results. CHOIR (N=1432) was terminated early with more frequent death and cardiovascular outcomes in the higher Hb group (HR 1.34: 95% C.I. 1.03–1.74,P=.03). CREATE (N=603) showed no difference in primary cardiovascular endpoints. Stroke was more common in the higher Hb group (HR 1.92; 95% C.I. 1.38–2.68;P<.001) in TREAT (N=4038).Conclusions. There is no benefit to an Hb outside the 10–12 g/dL range in this population. To avoid transfusions and improve Quality of Life, ESAs should be used cautiously, especially in patients with Diabetes, CKD, risk factors for stroke, and ESA resistance.

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