Anthropomorphism in Social Robotics: Simondon and the Human in Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Rantala
Keyword(s):  
Social Robotics ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Practical Research

Anthropomorphism is a complex phenomenon that arises from human interaction with other entities and the environment. The phenomenon is thought to be desirable in social robots, enhancing their functionality and sociality. On the other hand, strict anthropomorphism can limit the possible capabilities of robots. Following Gilbert Simondon’s analysis of technology as inherently human, we can create a philosophical description of the foundation on which to begin studying anthropomorphism and, on the other hand, frame practical research in light of this description, thus leading to a more robust understanding of anthropomorphism as a phenomenon.

Metabolism and the absorption of water by root hairs

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Cailloux
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Intact Roots ◽  
Individual Root

Direct measurements of water uptake on individual root hairs of intact roots have established new parameters of the absorption of water. They show that the velocity of absorption is not proportional to the water stress. Furthermore, absorption takes place only where the main cytoplasmic mass is located in the cell, while no measurable absorption can be found at regions facing the main vacuole. The effects of CO2, age, metabolites, poisons, indicate that there is an intimate correlation between the intensity of metabolism and the velocity of absorption of water. On the other hand, excretion is associated with low metabolism. These new aspects show that absorption of water is a complex phenomenon involving metabolism.

Toward a Taxonomy of Copresence

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanyang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mode Of Being

This paper contributes to the presence literature by explicating the meanings and subtypes of copresence.Copresence is defined here as consisting of two dimensions: copresence as mode of being with others, and copresence as sense of being with others. Mode of copresence refers to the physical conditions that structure human interaction. Six such conditions are delineated. Sense of copresence, on the other hand, refers to the subjective experience of being with others that an individual acquires in interaction. The main argument of this paper is that mode of copresence affects sense of copresence, and knowledge of how the former affects the latter will benefit copresence design.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Consumers and Emerging forms of Artificial Intelligence: A Discriminant Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Corina Pelău ◽  
Irina Ene
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

AbstractThe interaction between consumers and companies has been changed because of the development and implementation of artificial intelligence. On one hand, the implementation of artificial intelligence systems increases the efficiency and rapidity of certain processes, by making the life of consumers and companies easier. On the other hand, their implementation brings certain challenges because of the changes it involves, including the acceptance of artificial intelligence systems by the consumers, the ability to learn how to operate the robots as well as the protection of the information gathered by these systems. In this paper, we aim to measure the acceptance of consumers regarding different forms of artificial intelligence systems. By applying a discriminant analysis, we measure the preference of consumers towards human versus robot interaction as well as between different types of robots with different forms and degrees of anthropomorphic characteristics. The results show that consumers prefer human interaction to the interaction with robots, especially in cases where they are not familiar with the robot interaction. Besides, they prefer the communication to classic robots in comparison to human holograms and they have a certain curiosity towards humanoid robots in opposition to classic robots.

scholarly journals The Aeschylean Treatment of Myth and Legend

1885 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Lewis Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Individual Attitude ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe

It is the part of sound criticism to beware of rashly assuming tendencies of any kind in dramatic poetry. The imaginative act of realising situation and character requires no end beyond itself. The faculty is satisfied with its own mere exercise; which may be as widely varied as the fables on which it works, or as human experience itself. If in single dramatists we find certain limitations, or an apparent preference for a particular class of subjects, we must not rush to hasty conclusions, but should distinguish as far as possible between accidental and essential differences, the former depending on the subject-matter which either chance or popularity threw in the artist's way, as jealousy for example in the Spanish drama, the latter resulting from the colour of his own thoughts, and his individual attitude (as an artist) towards the universe and towards mankind.The power of Aeschylus as a mere dramatist is so great, that the neglect of such precautions is, if possible, more than usually disastrous to the study of him; while on the other hand, they are more than ever necessary in his case, because certain important tendencies, both of the man and of the age, are so apparent in him. In attempting, therefore, to characterise some of these underlying motives, it is necessary to warn the reader at the outset against expecting anything like a complete description or survey. Such motives are very far from accounting for that complex phenomenon, the Aeschylean drama. At most they do but constitute one of several factors that have worked together with the supreme dramatic instinct in the creation of it. Nor shall we be tempted by any theory into the error of supposing that the same motives are to be traced everywhere. Variety is the chief note of the highest invention, and though few chords remain to us of the Aeschylean lyre, they are suggestive of a widely ranging plectrum.—Readers of the Eumenides or of the Prometheus, however, cannot help surmising an intention of the poet standing behind his creation.

to increase simultaneously the manifestness of a wide range of assumptions, so that her intention concerning each of these assumptions is weakly manifest, then each of them is weakly communicated. An example would be sniffing ecstatically and osten-sively at the fresh seaside air. There is, of course, a continuum of cases in between. In the case of strong communication, the communicator can have fairly precise expectations about some of the thoughts that the audience will actually entertain. With weaker forms of communication, the communicator can merely expect to steer the thoughts of the audience in a certain direction. Often, in human interaction, weak communication is found sufficient or even preferable to the stronger forms. Non-verbal communication tends to be relatively weak. One of the advantages of verbal communication is that it gives rise to the strongest possible form of com-munication; it enables the hearer to pin down the speaker’s intentions about the explicit content of her utterance to a single, strongly manifest candidate, with no alternative worth considering at all. On the other hand, what is implicit in ver-bal communication is generally weakly communicated: the hearer can often fulfil part of the speaker’s informative intention by forming any of several roughly similar but not identical assumptions. Because all communication has been seen as strong communication, descriptions of non-verbal communication have been marred by spurious attributions of ‘meaning’; in the case of verbal communication, the difference between explicit content and implicit import has been seen as a differ-ence not in what gets communicated but merely in the means by which it is com-municated, and the vagueness of implicatures and non-literal forms of expression has been idealised away. Our account of informative intentions in terms of man-ifestness of assumptions corrects these distortions without introducing either ad hoc machinery or vagueness of description.

2005 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Explicit Content ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Verso la rappresentazione e valutazione dello sviluppo delle aziende : i limiti dell'informativa economico-finanziaria e il contributo di alcuni approcci informativi complementari

2009 ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Sergio Paternostro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Social Report ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Social Balance ◽  
The One

Firms are dynamic entities in continuous change. This dynamism can lead to an improvement or worsening of the firm. Only in the first situation we can say that a firm is developing. The notion of firm's development does not have in literature an univocal interpretation and for this reason the first aim of the article is to illustrate an interpretation for a better understanding of this notion, which remains incomplete without appropriate instruments for the representation and evaluation of firm's development. The main purpose of this article is to reflect upon the manner to represent and to value this complex phenomenon. The analysis highlights, on the one hand, the limits of the financial statements and, on the other hand, the possible contribution of complementary informative instruments like: social report, intellectual capital report, balanced scorecard, business storytelling.<br /><br />Las empresas son entidades dinámicas en continua transformación. Este dinamismo puede conducir a una situación de mejora o a un empeoramiento de la empresa. Solamente en la primera situación se puede decir que la empresa está recorriendo un sendero de desarrollo. La noción de desarrollo de empresa no tiene en literatura una interpretación unívoca y por esta razón el primer objetivo del artículo es presentar una clave para comprender este concepto. La idea de desarrollo queda incompleta sin apropiados instrumentos operativos para representar y valorar el nivel de desarrollo alcanzado por las empresas. La principal finalidad del articulo es, por tanto, reflexionar sobre las modalidades a través de las que se puede dar una representación y evaluación a este fenómeno complejo. El análisis ha evidenciado, por una parte, los límites del balance y, por otra, la posible contribución de instrumentos informativos complementarios como: balance social, balance intelectual, balanced scorecard, narración de empresa.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

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