scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathological Comorbidities are Common in the Younger-Old

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Beach ◽  
Michael Malek-Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lewy Body Disease ◽  
Molecular Therapeutics ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Neuropathological Diagnosis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Background: Clinicopathological studies have demonstrated that Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) is often accompanied by clinically undetectable comorbid neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease that alter the rate of cognitive decline. Aside from causing increased variability in clinical response, it is possible that the major ADD comorbidities may not respond to ADD-specific molecular therapeutics. Objective: As most reports have focused on comorbidity in the oldest-old, its extent in younger age groups that are more likely to be involved in clinical trials is largely unknown; our objective is to provide this information. Methods: We conducted a survey of neuropathological comorbidities in sporadic ADD using data from the US National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Subject data was restricted to those with dementia and meeting National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association intermediate or high AD Neuropathological Change levels, excluding those with known autosomal dominant AD-related mutations. Results: Highly prevalent ADD comorbidities are not restricted to the oldest-old but are common even in early-onset ADD. The percentage of cases with ADD as the sole major neuropathological diagnosis is highest in the under-60 group, where “pure” ADD cases are still in the minority at 44%. After this AD as a sole major pathology in ADD declines to roughly 20%in the 70s and beyond. Lewy body disease is the most common comorbidity at younger ages but actually is less common at later ages, while for most others, their prevalence increases with age. Conclusion: Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological comorbidities are highly prevalent even in the younger-old.

scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathological Comorbidities Are Common in the Younger-Old

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Beach ◽  
Michael Malek-Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Molecular Therapeutics

AbstractClinicopathological studies have demonstrated that Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) is often accompanied by clinically undetectable comorbid neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease that alter the presence and rate of cognitive decline in aging and ADD. Aside from causing increased variability in clinical response, it is possible that the major ADD comorbidities may not respond to ADD-specific molecular therapeutics. As most reports have focused on comorbidity in the oldest-old, its extent in younger age groups that are more likely to be involved in clinical trials is largely unknown. We conducted a survey of neuropathological comorbidities in sporadic ADD using data from the US National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Subject data was restricted to those with dementia and meeting National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) intermediate or high AD Neuropathological Change (ADNC) levels, excluding those with known autosomal dominant AD-related mutations. Subjects were divided into age-at-death categories for analysis: under 60, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99 and 100 or over. Confirmatory of earlier reports, ADD histopathology is less severe with advancing age, effectively increasing the relative contribution of comorbidities, most of which rise in prevalence with age. Highly prevalent ADD comorbidities are not restricted to the oldest-old but are common even in early-onset ADD. The percentage of cases with ADD as the sole major neuropathological diagnosis is highest in the under-60 group, where “pure” ADD cases are still in the minority at 44%. After this AD as a sole major pathology in ADD declines to roughly 20% in the 70s and beyond. Comorbidity rates for some pathologies, especially LBD, are high even in subjects in their 60s and 70s, at nearly 60%, but for most others, their prevalence increases with age. TDP-43 pathology affects more than 35% of ADD subjects 80 and over while microscopic infarcts reach this rate a decade later. Gross infarcts rise more slowly and affect fewer subjects but still involve 15-20% of ADD after age 80. White matter rarefaction may be underestimated in the NACC database but is present in almost 70% of centenarians with ADD. Effective clinical trials depend on accurate estimates of required subject numbers, which are dependent on observed effect size and clinical response variability. Comorbidities are likely to affect both, leading to lower probability of clinical trial success. Stratifying ADD clinical trial analyses by presence and types of accompanying comorbidities might identify subgroups with higher effect sizes and greater clinical response rates, but accurate in-vivo diagnostic methods for most comorbidities are still lacking.

The cost-utility of the rivastigmine transdermal patch in the management of patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease in the US

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (S 02) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Brennan ◽  
B Nagy ◽  
A Brandtmüller ◽  
SK Thomas ◽  
M Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Structural connectivity networks in Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Baik ◽  
Jin‐Ju Yang ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Lewy Body Disease

Comprehensive Analysis of Differential Expression Profiles of Long Non-coding RNAs with Associated Co-expression and Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in the Hippocampus of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Jun Zhang ◽  
Ze-Xuan-Zhu ◽  
Guang-Min-Xu ◽  
Peng Su ◽  
Qian Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Pathogenic Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Trans Regulation

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still one of the major threats to human health. Although a satisfactory treatment for AD has not yet been discovered, it is necessary to continue to search for novel approaches to deal with this insidious and debilitating disease. Although numerous studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) occupy a significant role in a variety of diseases, their roles in AD remain unclear. Objectives: Using data analysis to explore the role of lncRNA in the course of AD, to further our understanding of AD, and to look forward to finding a new breakthrough for the treatment of AD. Methods: We downloaded and screened expression data of the hippocampal regions of patients with AD from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We generated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks based on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, and according to gene expression level, we constructed a coding-noncoding co-expression (CNC) network and then executed cis- and trans-regulation analyses. Results: Through comprehensive and systematic analyses, we found that lncRNAs MALAT1, OIP5-AS1, LINC00657, and lnc-NUMB-1 regulated the expression of the key AD pathogenic genes APP, PSEN1, BACE1; and that these lncRNAs may promote the distribution of β-amyloid (Aβ protein) in the brain through exosomes. In addition, lncRNAs were found to adjust viral transcriptional expression, thereby further supporting viral pathogenesis for AD. Conclusions: The lncRNAs MALAT1, OIP5-AS1, LINC00657, and lnc-NUMB-1 that are present in the hippocampus of AD patients exert an important influence on the development of this disease.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation of the German version of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease scale - Nursing Home version (QoL-AD NH)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Nikolaus Dichter ◽  
Eva-Maria Wolschon ◽  
Gabriele Meyer ◽  
Sascha Köpke
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Almost All

Dementia is a chronic and currently incurable syndrome. Therefore, quality of life (QoL) is a major goal when caring for people with dementia (Gibson et al., 2010) and a major outcome in dementia research (Moniz-Cook et al., 2008). The measurement of QoL, especially proxy-rating, is challenging because of the proxy-perspective (Pickard and Knight, 2005), reliability (Dichter et al., 2016), validity (O'Rourke et al., 2015), and responsiveness (Perales et al., 2013). Probably due to these challenges, it has not been possible to show positive effects for QoL in almost all non-pharmacological interventions for people with dementia (Cooper et al., 2012). One recommended (Moniz-Cook et al., 2008) and frequently used instrument is the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease scale (QoL-AD), which was originally developed in the US for community-dwelling people with dementia. The QoL-AD consists of 13 items based on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from “1”=poor to “4”=excellent (Logsdon et al., 1999). The original instrument has been adapted for people living in nursing homes (NH) by Edelmann et al. (2005).

The Prevalence of Dementia in the Elderly: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Rockwood ◽  
Karen Stadnyk
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

We reviewed the findings of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging in the context of studies published between January 1986 and June 1993 that documented dementia and Alzheimer's disease prevalence. Studies were identified using a MEDLINE literature search. Additional references were selected from the bibliography of identified articles. Most reports of all types of dementia prevalence are within a narrow range for each of the age groups 65+, 75+ and 85+ years. By contrast, two recent reports on the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease have reported much higher estimates (10.3% and 15.3%) in the elderly (65+ years). A variety of threats to both validity and generalizability of the estimates are present in all studies. In community studies which employed clinical interviews most subjects were only mildly affected; the natural history of impairment of this group requires further study if the consequences of these findings are to be understood. There is important variability in the definition of the functional consequences of cognitive impairment in the elderly which affects both the diagnosis and staging of dementia.

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