The Frontal Behavioral Battery: A Measure of Frontal Lobe Symptoms in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
James E. Galvin ◽  
Iris Cohen ◽  
Keri K. Greenfield ◽  
Marcia Walker
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Premorbid Personality

Background: Approximately 90%of persons living with dementia experience behavioral symptoms, including frontal lobe features involving motivation, planning, social behavior, language, personality, mood, swallowing, and gait. Objective: We conducted a two-stage study with a development sample (n = 586) and validation sample (n = 274) to evaluate a brief informant-rated measure of non-cognitive features of frontal lobe dysfunction: the Frontal Behavioral Battery (FBB). Methods: In the development sample, internal consistency, principal factor analysis, and correlations between the FBB and outcomes were evaluated. In the validation sample, we examined (a) FBB scores by diagnosis, (b) known-group validity by demographics, subjective complaints, and dementia staging, and (c) correlation between FBB and MRI volumes. Receiver operator characteristic curves assessed the ability of the FBB to discriminate individuals with frontal lobe features due to a neurodegenerative disease. Results: The FBB characterized 11 distinct frontal lobe features. Individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal degeneration had the greatest number of frontal lobe features. Premorbid personality traits of extroversion, agreeableness, and openness were associated with fewer frontal lobe behavioral symptoms, while subjective cognitive complaints were associated with greater symptoms. The FBB provided very good discrimination between individuals with and without cognitive impairment (diagnostic odds ratio: 13.1) and between individuals with and without prominent frontal lobe symptoms (diagnostic odds ratio: 84.8). Conclusion: The FBB may serve as an effective and efficient method to assess the presence of non-cognitive symptoms associated with frontal lobe dysfunction, but in a brief fashion that could facilitate its use in clinical care and research.

scholarly journals Differences in Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Sang-Hwa Lee ◽  
Yeonkyeong Lee ◽  
Minji Song ◽  
Jae Jun Lee ◽  
Jong-Hee Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological investigations have indicated that migraineurs exhibit frontal lobe-related cognitive impairment. We investigated whether orbitofrontal and dorsolateral functioning differed between individuals with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), focusing on orbitofrontal dysfunction because it is implicated in migraine chronification and medication overuse headache (MOH) in migraineurs. This cross-sectional study recruited women with CM with/without MOH (CM + MOH, CM − MOH), EM, and control participants who were matched in terms of age and education. We conducted neuropsychological assessments of frontal lobe function via the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We enrolled 36 CM (19 CM + MOH, 17 CM–MOH), 30 EM, and 30 control participants. The CM patients performed significantly (p < 0.01) worse on the TMT A and B than the EM patients and the control participants. The WCST also revealed significant differences, with poorer performance in the CM patients versus the EM patients and the control participants. However, the net scores on the IGT did not significantly differ among the three groups. Our findings suggest that the CM patients exhibited frontal lobe dysfunction, and, particularly, dorsolateral dysfunction. However, we found no differences in frontal lobe function according to the presence or absence of MOH.

Frontal lobe dysfunction of schizophrenia on 1H MRS and neuropsychological test

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65S-66S
Author(s):  
C.U. Lee ◽  
I.H. Paik ◽  
C. Lee ◽  
S.J. Lee ◽  
J.J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
1H Mrs

Using the diagnostic odds ratio to select multivariate sequential patterns in order to build an interpretable pattern-based classifier in a clinical domain (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidoro J. Casanova ◽  
Manuel Campos ◽  
Jose M. Juarez ◽  
Antonio Gomariz ◽  
Marta Lorente-Ros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Sequential Patterns ◽  
Pattern Selection ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Frequency Properties ◽  
Clinical Domain

BACKGROUND It is important to exploit all available data on patients in settings such as Intensive Care Burn Units (ICBUs), where several variables are recorded over time. It is possible to take advantage of the multivariate patterns that model the evolution of patients in order to predict their survival. However, pattern discovery algorithms generate a large number of patterns, of which only some are relevant for classification. The interpretability of the model is, moreover, an essential property in the clinical domain. OBJECTIVE We propose to use the Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) to select the multivariate sequential patterns used in the classification in a clinical domain, rather than employing frequency properties. This makes it possible to employ a terminology closer to the language of clinicians, in which a pattern is considered to be a risk factor or to have a protection factor. METHODS We employ data obtained from the ICBU at the University Hospital of Getafe, where six temporal variables for 465 patients were registered every day during 5 days, and to model the evolution of these clinical variables we use multivariate sequential patterns. We compare four ways in which to employ the DOR for pattern selection: 1) We use it as a threshold in order to select patterns with a minimum DOR; 2) We select patterns whose differential DORs are higher than a threshold as regards their extensions; 3) We select patterns whose DOR confidence intervals do not overlap; and 4) We propose the combination of threshold and non-overlapping confidence intervals in order to select the most discriminative patterns. As a baseline, we compare our proposals with Jumping Emerging Patterns (JEPs), one of the most frequently used techniques for pattern selection that utilize frequency properties. RESULTS We have compared the number and length of the patterns eventually selected, classification performance, and pattern and model interpretability. We show that discretization has a great impact on the accuracy of the classification model, but that a trade off must be found between classification accuracy and the physicians' capacity to interpret the patterns obtained. We have, therefore, opted to use expert discretization without losing too much accuracy. We have also identified that the experiments combining threshold and non-overlapping confidence intervals (Option 4) obtained the fewest number of patterns but also with the smallest size, thus implying the loss of an acceptable accuracy as regards clinician interpretation. CONCLUSIONS A method for the classification of patients’ survival can benefit from the use of sequential patterns, since these patterns consider knowledge about the temporal evolution of the variables in the case of ICBU. We have proved that the DOR can be used in several ways, and that it is a suitable measure with which to select discriminative and interpretable quality patterns.

scholarly journals Mother and daughter with adolescent-onset severe frontal lobe dysfunction and epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Giordani Rodrigues dos Passos ◽  
Alonso Cuadrado Fernández ◽  
Adriana Machado Vasques ◽  
William Alves Martins ◽  
André Palmini
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Mother And Daughter

ABSTRACT Familial cases of early-onset prominent frontal lobe dysfunction associated with epilepsy have not been reported to date. We report a mother and her only daughter with incapacitating behavioral manifestations of frontal lobe dysfunction and epilepsy of variable severity. The possibility of a hitherto undescribed genetic condition is discussed.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of microRNA-451 as diagnostic biomarker for human cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanzhan Li ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Liangfang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractWe conducted comprehensive analyses to assess the diagnostic ability of miRNA-451 in cancers. A systematic online search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, China’s national knowledge infrastructure, and VIP databases from inception to July 31, 2017. The bivariate random effect model was used for calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under cure (AUC). The whole pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (0.77–0.90) and 0.85 (0.78–0.90) with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI), respectively. The pooled AUC was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.89–0.94). Positive likelihood ratio was 5.57 (95%CI: 3.74–8.31), negative likelihood ratio was 0.18 (95%CI: 0.11–0.28), and diagnostic odds ratio was 31.33 (95%CI: 15.19–64.61). Among Asian population, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95%CI: 0.77–0.91) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.78–0.91), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 5.87 (95%CI: 3.78–9.12) and 0.17 (95%CI: 0.11–0.28). The diagnostic odds ratio and AUC were 34.31 (15.51–75.91) and 0.92 (0.89–0.94). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and AUC for digestive system cancer were 0.83, 0.88, 6.87, 0.20, 35.13, and 0.92, respectively. The other cancers were 0.87, 0.81, 4.55, 0.16, 28.51, and 0.90, respectively. For sample source, the results still remain consistent. Our results indicated miRNA-451 has a moderate diagnostic ability for cancers, and could be a potential early screening biomarker, and considered as an adjuvant diagnostic index when being combined with other clinical examinations.

Recognition and its Impairment regarding Autobiographical Memories in a Patient with Hippocampal Amnesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-802
Author(s):  
Mikio Hirano ◽  
Toshihiko Kikuchi ◽  
Ayumu Goukon ◽  
Kazuhito Noguchi ◽  
Toru Hosokawa
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Amnesic Patient ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Before And After

Autobiographical memories of one case (Y.K.) were assessed before and after onset of hippocampal amnesia. He was a 56-yr.-old male patient who used to work in an office. The findings can be described as follows. First, Y.K.‘s recognition performance regarding his premorbid and postmorbid personal semantics along with premorbid autobiographical incidents was significantly greater than chance, and recognition of premorbid autobiographical incidents was within chance. Given information before onset, a relationship was suspected between frontal lobe dysfunction and Y.K.‘s autobiographical problem. The possibility that an amnesic patient could acquire semantic information after onset is discussed.

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