scholarly journals Wind integrated power system to reduce emission: An application of Bat algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Venkateswara Rao ◽  
Ramesh Devarapalli ◽  
H. Malik ◽  
Sravana Kumar Bali ◽  
Fausto Pedro García Márquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Bat Algorithm ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Generation Cost ◽  
Automation Technology

The trend of increasing demand creates a gap between generation and load in the field of electrical power systems. This is one of the significant problems for the science, where it require to add new generating units or use of novel automation technology for the better utilization of the existing generating units. The automation technology highly recommends the use of speedy and effective algorithms in optimal parameter adjustment for the system components. So newly developed nature inspired Bat Algorithm (BA) applied to discover the control parameters. In this scenario, this paper considers the minimization of real power generation cost with emission as an objective. Further, to improve the power system performance and reduction in the emission, two of the thermal plants were replaced with wind power plants. In addition, to boost the voltage profile, Static VAR Compensator (SVC) has been integrated. The proposed case study, i.e., considering wind plant and SVC with BA, is applied on the IEEE30 bus system. Due to the incorporation of wind plants into the system, the emission output is reduced, and with the application of SVC voltage profile improved.

IAEA Guidance on Enhancing the Safety of Electrical Power Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Duchac ◽  
Magnus Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Open Phase ◽  
Phase Condition

An open phase condition is a known phenomenon in the power industry and is now recognized to have adverse impact on the electrical power systems in several nuclear power plants. An open phase condition may result in challenging plant safety. Operating experience in different countries has shown that the currently installed instrumentation and protective schemes have not been adequate to detect this condition and take appropriate action. An open phase condition, if not detected and disconnected in a timely manner, represents design vulnerability for many nuclear power plants. It may lead to a condition where neither the offsite power system nor the onsite power system is able to support the safety functions, and could propagate to station blackout. The design of electrical power systems needs to be evaluated systematically and improved, where necessary, to minimize the probability of losing electric power from any of the remaining supplies as a result of single or double open phase conditions. The improved design should be coordinated with existing measures to ensure that the electrical power system is able to support the safety functions after the open phase condition is detected and disconnected. In this regard, the IAEA has developed a safety publication dealing with design vulnerability of open phase conditions. This paper summarizes the contents of the report, the rationale and criteria to enhance the safety of nuclear power plants by providing technical guidance to address an open phase condition vulnerability in electrical systems used to start up, operate, maintain and shutdown the nuclear power plant.

Assessment and Planning of the Electrical Systems in Mexican Refineries by 2014

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ivan Ruiz Flores ◽  
J. Hugo Rodri´guez Marti´nez ◽  
Guillermo D. Taboada ◽  
Javier Pano Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
New Process ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Petroleum Company

Nowadays the refining sector in Mexico needs to increase the quantity and quality of produced fuels by installing new process plants for gasoline and ultra low sulphur diesel. These plants require the provision of electricity and steam, among other services to function properly, which can be supplied by the power plants currently installed in each refinery through an expansion of their generation capacity. These power plants need to increase its production of electricity and steam at levels above their installed capacity, which involves the addition of new power generating equipment (gas or steam turbo-generators) as well as the raise of the electrical loads. Currently, the Mexican Petroleum Company (PEMEX) is planning to restructure their electrical and steam systems in order to optimally supply the required services for the production of high quality fuels. In this paper the present status of the original electrical power systems of the refineries is assessed and the electrical integration of new process plants in the typical schemes is analyzed. Also this paper shows the conceptual schemes proposed to restructure the electrical power system for two refineries and the strategic planning focused on implement the modifications required for the integration of new process plants that will demand about 20 MW for each refinery by 2014. The results of the analysis allowed to identify the current conditions of the electrical power systems in the oil refining industry or National Refining Industry (NRI), and thereby to offer technical solutions that could be useful to engineers facing similar projects.

Earthquake Experience Data Point to Benefit of Diverse Backup Power

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Calhoun ◽  
Mark A. Gake
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
The Individual

Operating nuclear power plants typically have backup electrical power supplied by diesel generators. Although backup power systems are designed with redundant trains, each capable of supplying the power requirements for safe shutdown equipment, there is a common-mode seismic failure risk inherent in these customary backup power arrangements. In an earthquake, multiple equipment trains with similar, if not identical, components located side-by-side are exposed to inertial forces that are essentially identical. In addition, because of their similar subcomponent configurations, seismic fragilities are approximately equal. In that case, the probability of multiple backup power system failures during an earthquake is likely to be dependent on, and nearly the same as, the individual seismic failure probability of each equipment train. Post-earthquake inspections at conventional multiple unit power stations over the last 40 years identified this common-mode seismic failure risk long before the tsunami-related common-mode failures of diesel generators at Fukushima Daiichi in March 2011. Experience data from post-earthquake inspections also indicate that failure probabilities of diverse sets of power generation equipment are independent and inherently less susceptible to common-mode failures. This paper demonstrates that employing diverse backup power designs will deliver quantifiable improvements in electrical system availability following an earthquake. These improvements are illustrated from available literature of post-earthquake inspection reports, along with other firsthand observations. A case study of the seismic performance of similarly configured electrical power generation systems is compared to the performance of diverse sets of electrical power systems. Seismic probabilistic risk analyses for several system configurations are presented to show the benefit of improved post-earthquake availability that results from designing new backup power systems with greater diversity.

scholarly journals REDUCING THE LIKELIHOOD OF ELECTRICAL POWER-RELATED DISASTERS: A FUZZY MCDM APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 679-686
Author(s):  
Eko Setiawan ◽  
Septin Puji Astuti ◽  
Handoko Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
Negative Impacts

Many of disasters are related to electrical power systems. They affect human life and economy. In order to reduce the negative impacts caused by the failure of electricity power system due to disasters and to create a robust electrical power system, selecting the best relay of electricity power is a must. This study identified the best protective relay of electrical power systems of PLN in Surakarta region by applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP), one of MCDM approaches, combined with fuzzy logic. Extent analysis approach was implemented to derive priorities of various criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives. Three relays being considered in the selection process are electromagnetic relay, digital relay and static relay. Four criteria in this study are techno-economy, fault frequency, protection of transmission line and advantage of relay over others. Meanwhile, five sub-criteria for each criterion are reliability, selectivity, sensitivity, working speed and efficient. Based on the criteria and sub-criteria, it can be inferred that in terms of four working areas of PLN management in Surakarta region, digital relay is seen as the best choice of relays.

scholarly journals Steady state stability in electrical power systems considering operation limits in generators, transformers and transmission lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Estuardo Tamayo Guzmán ◽  
Carlos Andrés Barrera-Singaña
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Steady State Stability

Electrical power systems are exposed to several events that can cause unstable operation scenarios. This is due to improper operation of certain components. If an event occurs, the system must be designed to overcome that contingency, thus remaining in a permanent condition that must be evaluated in order to monitor and prevent a possible collapse of the system. An evaluation of steady state stability is proposed at this work based on the capacity curves of generators, transformers and transmission lines. These remarked curves provide information on the operation point of these elements, thus allowing the application of remedial actions. PowerFactory and Matlab are used to carry out the tool for monitoring the operation points after a contingency. The effectiveness of the developed tool is validated at the IEEE 39-bus power system model, where results shows that the functionalaty for different contingencies based on the operating conditions when the components of the power system are varied, cosnquently, the tool identifies cases that require actions at the operational level.

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