scholarly journals Actigraphic and Self-reported Sleep in Traffic Accident Victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
V. Renner ◽  
M. Keller ◽  
M. Beuth ◽  
W.T. Roth ◽  
K. Petrowski
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Log ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: Some accident victims report poorer sleep during the months after the trauma, which may double the risk for and is a mediator of the development of a PTSD. Furthermore, subjective and objective sleep measures are often discrepant in PTSD-patients, which is why a ‘sleep state misperception’ of PTSD patients is often hypothesized. Objective: The goal of this study is to assess differences in sleep quality in victims of a traffic accident compared to healthy participants without an accident history as well as differences between objective and subjective sleep quality measures. Methods: We recruited 25 hospitalized accident victims within ten days of an accident and 31 age and sex-matched controls without an accident history. Three months later, participants were given a structured clinical interview (SCID), they completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for the previous two weeks, wore a wrist actigraph, and kept a sleep log for two consecutive nights. Results: At the three-month follow-up, none of the victims met the criteria for any kind of mental disorder, but scored higher on the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. On the PSQI they reported slightly worse sleep than controls for the previous two weeks, although sleep log and actigraphy measures on the two recording nights showed no group differences. Actigraphy measures showed shorter sleep onset latencies compared to log measures. Conclusions: The accident victims suffered only minimal sleep disturbances three months later. The assumption of a ‘sleep state misperception’ in traffic accident victims is questioned by these results.

scholarly journals FAAH and CNR1 Polymorphisms in the Endocannabinoid System and Alcohol-Related Sleep Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundarya Soundararajan ◽  
Narjis Kazmi ◽  
Alyssa T. Brooks ◽  
Michael Krumlauf ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality

Sleep disturbances are common among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and may not resolve completely with short-term abstinence from alcohol, potentially contributing to relapse to drinking. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with both sleep and alcohol consumption, and genetic variation in the ECS may underlie sleep-related phenotypes among individuals with AUD. In this study, we explored the influence of genetic variants in the ECS (Cannabinoid receptor 1/CNR1: rs806368, rs1049353, rs6454674, rs2180619, and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase/FAAH rs324420) on sleep quality in individuals with AUD (N = 497) and controls without AUD (N = 389). We assessed subjective sleep quality (from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index/PSQI) for both groups at baseline and objective sleep efficiency and duration (using actigraphy) in a subset of individuals with AUD at baseline and after 4 weeks of inpatient treatment. We observed a dose-dependent relationship between alcohol consumption and sleep quality in both AUD and control groups. Sleep disturbance, a subscale measure in PSQI, differed significantly among CNR1 rs6454674 genotypes in both AUD (p = 0.015) and controls (p = 0.016). Only among controls, neuroticism personality scores mediated the relationship between genotype and sleep disturbance. Objective sleep measures (sleep efficiency, wake bouts and wake after sleep onset), differed significantly by CNR1 rs806368 genotype, both at baseline (p = 0.023, 0.029, 0.015, respectively) and at follow-up (p = 0.004, p = 0.006, p = 0.007, respectively), and by FAAH genotype for actigraphy recorded sleep duration at follow-up (p = 0.018). These relationships suggest a significant role of the ECS in alcohol-related sleep phenotypes.

scholarly journals Sleep Quality and Chronotype Differences between Elite Athletes and Non-Athlete Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Bender ◽  
Hans Van Dongen ◽  
Charles Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Score ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
National Team ◽  
Composite Scale

Previous research has found that elite athletes have insufficient sleep, yet the specific kinds of sleep disturbances occurring as compared to a control group are limited. Here we compare the subjective sleep quality and chronotype of elite athletes to a control group of non-athlete good sleepers. Sixty-three winter Canadian National Team athletes (mean age 26.0 ± 0.0; 32% females) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Athlete Morningness Eveningness Scale. They were compared to 83 healthy, non-athlete, good-sleeper controls (aged 27.3 ± 3.7; 51% females) who completed the PSQI and the Composite Scale of Morningness. The elite athletes reported poorer sleep quality (PSQI global score 5.0 ± 2.6) relative to the controls (PSQI global score 2.6 ± 1.3), despite there being no group difference in self-reported sleep duration (athletes 8.1 ± 1.0 h; controls 8.0 ± 0.7 h). Further, athletes’ chronotype distribution showed a greater skew toward morningness, despite there being no group differences in self-reported usual bedtime and wake time. These results suggest that a misalignment of sleep times with circadian preference could contribute to poorer sleep quality in elite athletes.

Actigraph Estimates of the Sleep of Australian Midwives

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tremaine ◽  
Jillian Dorrian ◽  
Jessica Paterson ◽  
Annabelle Neall ◽  
Ellie Piggott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Metropolitan Hospital ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
Night Shifts ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Midwives often work night and rotating shift schedules, which can lead to sleep disturbances, increased fatigue, and greater likelihood of accidents or errors. This study investigated the sleep of midwives ( n = 17) in an Australian metropolitan hospital. Midwives completed work and sleep logbooks and wore wrist actigraphs for 28 days. Midwives worked combinations of morning, afternoon, and/or night shifts on constant ( n = 6) or rotating schedules ( n = 11). They obtained less than recommended amounts of sleep, getting only 6–7 hr per 24-hr period. Morning shifts were associated with the lowest sleep durations, lowest subjective sleep quality, and highest postsleep fatigue ratings. Despite the significantly higher amount of wake after sleep onset (51 min), the sleep before afternoon shifts had significantly lower postsleep fatigue ratings and was rated as significantly higher quality than sleep before other shifts or days off. Those who were married or living with a partner reported significantly more sleep and lower postsleep fatigue than those who were separated or divorced ( p < .05). Seventy-one percent of midwives took naps, primarily before night shifts, with nearly 40% of nightshifts preceded by a nap. Average nap durations were nearly 1.5 hr. Midwives reported feeling moderately to very physically or mentally exhausted on 22–50% of all shifts and days off. Exhaustion was most common on night shift. This study suggests that midwives may be suffering from chronic sleep loss and as a consequence may be at risk of impairments in functioning that accompany fatigue.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sleep on Glycated Hemoglobin in Pregnancy With Gestational Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A436-A437
Author(s):  
Cristina Sampaio Facanha ◽  
Veralice S De Bruin ◽  
Fernando Henrique A Lopes ◽  
Magno M P Faria ◽  
Paula S Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Log

Abstract Background: Sleep disturbances have been associated with poor glycemic control in differential clinical settings. Both short and long sleep duration, influence insulin resistance and blood glucose in diabetic patients. Pregnancy is an additional risk for reduced sleep quality and quantity, and the presence of hyperglycemia, as a complicating factor, has being increasingly frequent. Different measures of sleep evaluation, both objectively and subjectively, can provide additional information about the influence of sleep in metabolic control in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Objective: To investigate the influence of sleep quality and objective sleep measures on glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) in patients with GDM. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study examining patients with GDM from 2nd to 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Clinical data and behavior questionnaires were collected by a face-to-face interview. Self-Rated Sleep Quality was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index- (PSQI). In order to improve the accuracy of the information, a 14-day sleep log was obtained, and objective sleep measurements were registered by actigraphic record (5 to 7 days). Results: Overall, GDM patients (N=311), aged from 20 to 46 y (33.1±5.6) were evaluated. Sleep duration ≤6 hours/night was found in 43.4%, and 63.9% reported poor sleep quality (PSQI&gt;5). Sleep duration measured by actigraphy was correlated with sleep duration registered by sleep log (r=.45, p=.04), and with PSQI (r=-.33, p=.002). Sleep quality and sleep duration registered by either actigraphy or sleep log were not correlated with Hba1c. Amongst all, Hba1c varied from 4.3 to 7.0 mg/dL (5.9 ±.53). Sleep fragmentation, measured by the length of time patient spends awake after sleep onset (WASO) was correlated withHba1c level in patients with GDM (r=.41, p=0.04). Conclusion: Sleep duration obtained from the sleep log was a reliable measure correlating with objective sleep parameters registered by actigraphy and with sleep quality. In GDM patients, increased wake time after sleep onset was correlated with higher Hba1c.

Sleep disturbance in patients attending specialized chronic pain clinics in Denmark: a longitudinal study examining the relationship between sleep and pain outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Bjarke Vaegter ◽  
Mette Terp Høybye ◽  
Frederik Hjorth Bergen ◽  
Christine E. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Pain Clinics ◽  
Pain Outcomes

Abstract Objectives Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with chronic pain. However, the majority of studies to date examining sleep disturbances in patients with chronic pain have been population-based cross-sectional studies. The aims of this study were to 1) examine the frequency of sleep disturbances in patients referred to two interdisciplinary chronic pain clinics in Denmark, 2) explore associations between sleep disturbances and pain intensity, disability and quality of life at baseline and follow-up, and 3) explore whether changes in sleep quality mediated the relationships between pain outcomes at baseline and pain outcomes at follow-up. Methods We carried out a longitudinal observational study, examining patients enrolled in two chronic pain clinics assessed at baseline (n=2,531) and post-treatment follow-up (n=657). Patients reported on their sleep disturbances using the sleep quality subscale of the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ), their pain intensity using 0–10 numerical rating scales, their pain-related disability using the Pain Disability Index (PDI), and quality of life using the EuroQol-VAS scale. The average time between baseline and follow-up was 207 days (SD=154). Results At baseline, the majority of patients reported frequent sleep disturbances. We found a significant association at baseline between self-reported sleep disturbances and pain intensity, pain-related disability, and quality of life, where greater sleep disturbance was associated with poorer outcomes. At follow-up, patients reported significant improvements across all pain and sleep outcomes. In two mediation models, we showed that changes in sleep disturbances from baseline to follow-up were significantly associated with (i) pain intensity at follow-up, and (ii) pain disability at follow-up. However, baseline pain intensity and disability scores were not associated with changes in sleep disturbances and, we did not find evidence for significant mediation of either pain outcome by changes in sleep disturbances. Conclusions Self-reported sleep disturbances were associated with pain outcomes at baseline and follow-up, with greater sleep disturbances associated with poorer pain outcomes. Changes in sleep quality did not mediate the relationships between baseline and follow-up scores for pain intensity and disability. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence confirming an association between sleep and chronic pain experience, particularly suggestive of a sleep to pain link. Our data following patients after interdisciplinary treatment suggests that improved sleep is a marker for a better outcome after treatment.

scholarly journals Association between depression and sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulan Yin ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
Wenjie Sui ◽  
Mei’e Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality

Abstract Background Currently, there is no consistent understanding of the relationship between depression and sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to explore the correlation between depression and sleep quality in SLE patients. Methods Five English (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) databases were systematically searched from inception to January 12, 2021. Two authors independently screened publications and extracted data according to set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA 16.0. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Results A total of 9 identified studies matched the inclusion criteria, reporting on 514 patients with SLE in the analysis. A moderate correlation of depression with sleep quality was found (pooled r = 0.580 [0.473, 0.670]). Compared to good sleepers, patients with SLE and poor sleep quality had higher levels of depression (standardized mean difference =  − 1.28 [− 1.87, − 0.69]). Depression was associated with subjective sleep quality (r = 0.332 [0.009, 0.592]), sleep latency (r = 0.412 [0.101, 0.649]), sleep disturbances (r = 0.405 [0.094, 0.645]), daytime dysfunction (r = 0.503 [0.214, 0.711]), the four dimensions of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while no significant correlation was found in the other three PSQI dimensions. Conclusion Depression had a moderate correlation with sleep quality in patients with SLE. Patients with poor sleep quality tended to have higher level of depression than that of good sleepers. Awareness of the correlation may help rheumatology physicians and nurses to assess and prevent depression and improve sleep quality in patients with SLE.

scholarly journals Non-pharmacological sleep interventions for pediatric cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Stavinoha ◽  
Ineke M. Olsthoorn ◽  
Maria C. Swartz ◽  
Sara Nowakowski ◽  
Stephanie J. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients

Abstract Background Sleep disturbances constitute a common complication in pediatric cancer patients and survivors and are frequently severe enough to warrant treatment. Suboptimal sleep has been associated with decreased emotional well-being and cognitive functioning and increased behavioral problems. Standardized guidelines for non-pharmacological sleep interventions for adults with cancer exist, but no standard of care intervention or standard guidelines are available to guide such intervention in pediatric cancer patients and survivors. Therefore, effective behavioral interventions for improving sleep quality need to be identified. The objective of the review is to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological sleep interventions on sleep quality in pediatric cancer patients and survivors. Methods The review will consider studies that include children and adolescents between 0 and 18 years diagnosed with cancer or who have a history of cancer who have non-respiratory sleep disturbance. We will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating non-pharmacological interventions such as psychological interventions, technical/device interventions, interventions targeting physical activity, and complementary and alternative medicine interventions (e.g., yoga, massage, music). Interventions involving medications, ingestible supplements, products purported to work through absorption, and medical devices will be excluded. Primary outcome will be sleep quality as measured by methods including retrospective ratings, daily sleep diary, and validated questionnaires. Secondary outcomes will include total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, daytime sleepiness, and daytime sleep duration (naps) as measured by retrospective ratings, daily sleep diary, validated questionnaires, and/or actigraphy. Databases will include MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Ebsco), and PsycINFO (Ovid) and will be queried from database inception to present. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and extract data. The study methodological quality will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Data will be extracted and findings pooled and synthesized using a meta-aggregation approach via the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information (SUMARI). If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., methodological quality, study design, outcome measures). Discussion This systematic review will synthesize and consolidate evidence on existing non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in pediatric cancer patients and survivors. Findings may help inform practitioners working with pediatric cancer patients and survivors experiencing sleep disturbances and is intended to identify gaps and opportunities to improve methodical quality of further non-pharmacological sleep intervention research in this population toward developing an eventual standard of care. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020200397.

scholarly journals The influence of subjective sleep quality on the association between eveningness and depressive symptoms.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Mary Horne ◽  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Participants

Increasing evidence suggests that eveningness is associated with increased risk for depression. Eveningness, however, is also associated with poor sleep quality and the unique role of eveningness in depressive symptomatology remains to be elucidated. The goal of the current study, therefore, was to examine the inter-relationships between eveningness, subjective sleep quality and depressive symptoms in healthy participants free of current or previous depression and sleep disorder. Here, 167 healthy participants (mean age 24.16, 129/38 females/males) completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Bootstrap mediation analysis for a simple mediation model including rMEQ, PSQI and CES-D was applied. Eveningness was associated with increased depressive symptoms and mediation analysis showed that this relationship was partly mediated by sleep quality. Our results suggest that indicators of depression observed in evening-type individuals cannot be attributed exclusively to disturbed sleep. We suggest that interventions that target both sleep quality and dysfunctionl cognitive styles would be optimal to promote well-being in evening-type individuals.

scholarly journals Exposure to relaxing words during sleep promotes slow-wave sleep and subjective sleep quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Beck ◽  
Erna Loretz ◽  
Björn Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Depth ◽  
Activity Band ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Subjective Level

AbstractOur thoughts alter our sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We propose that mental processes are active to a greater or lesser extent during sleep and that this degree of activation affects our sleep depth. We examined this notion by activating the concept of “relaxation” during sleep using relaxation-related words in 50 healthy participants. In support of our hypothesis, playing relaxing words during non-rapid eye movement sleep extended the time spent in slow-wave sleep, increased power in the slow-wave activity band after the word cue, and abolished an asymmetrical sleep depth during the word presentation period. On the subjective level, participants reported a higher sleep quality and elevated alertness ratings. Our results support the notion that the activation of mental concepts during sleep can influence sleep depth and provide a basis for interventions using targeted activations to promote sleep depth and sleep quality to foster well-being and health.

The Effect of Uncoupled Sleep and Dysfunctional Sleep Beliefs on Sleep Outcomes in Older Adults following Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Single-Group Non-randomized Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Kutzer ◽  
Lisa Whitehead ◽  
Eimear Quigley ◽  
Shih Ching Fu ◽  
Mandy Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep

BACKGROUND The current Covid-19 pandemic has brought about a marked interest in sleep health, as well as an increased demand for telehealth services, such as online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Older adults in particular report a high rate of sleep problems. Recent studies have suggested that dysfunctional sleep beliefs could contribute to the high rates of self-reported insomnia in this age group. In addition, older adults have an increased rate of uncoupled sleep, e.g. displaying an insomnia complaint in the absence of objectively measured poor sleep. It is essential to determine the prevalence of coupled and uncoupled sleep in older adults and to examine the efficacy of online CBT-I to improve sleep outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess objective and subjective sleep quality and dysfunctional sleep beliefs in a sample of community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years with and without uncoupled sleep in Western Australia following digitally delivered CBT-I. METHODS Objective sleep was measured using wrist actigraphy, and subjective sleep quality via sleep diaries and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dysfunctional sleep beliefs were assessed by the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale (DBAS-16) prior to and following a four-week online CBT-I programme. Linear mixed model and generalised linear mixed model analyses were conducted to examine objective and subjective sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings as well as PSQI and DBAS16 scores, respectively. RESULTS 62 participants (55 females; 88.7%) completed the study. CBT-I effectively reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs and PSQI scores across all sleep classifications, even in good sleepers without a sleep complaint. Objective and self-reported changes in sleep parameters were mainly demonstrated in complaining poor sleepers. Complaining good sleepers reported a decrease in the number of subjective sleep awakenings only. CONCLUSIONS Online CBT-I was effective in improving the sleep outcomes of individuals who had both subjective and objective poor sleep. However, as the online CBT-I reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs in all sleep groups, further examination of dysfunctional sleep beliefs and whether they mediate the outcomes of digital CBT-I in older adults will need to be conducted. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN 12619001509156; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378451 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-32705

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