Cerebral activation evoked by the mirror illusion of the hand in stroke patients compared to normal subjects

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and remains an important health burden both for the individuals and for the national healthcare systems. Potentially modifiable risk factors for stroke include hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes, and dysregulation of glucose metabolism, atrial fibrillation, and lifestyle factors. Objects: We aimed to derive a model equation for developing a stroke pre-diagnosis algorithm with the potentially modifiable risk factors. Methods: We used logistic regression for model derivation, together with data from the database of the Korea National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). We reviewed the NHIS records of 500,000 enrollees. For the regression analysis, data regarding 367 stroke patients were selected. The control group consisted of 500 patients followed up for 2 consecutive years and with no history of stroke. Results: We developed a logistic regression model based on information regarding several well-known modifiable risk factors. The developed model could correctly discriminate between normal subjects and stroke patients in 65% of cases. Conclusion: The model developed in the present study can be applied in the clinical setting to estimate the probability of stroke in a year and thus improve the stroke prevention strategies in high-risk patients. The approach used to develop the stroke prevention algorithm can be applied for developing similar models for the pre-diagnosis of other diseases.

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Haptic Device System for Upper Limb Motor and Cognitive Function Rehabilitation: Grip Movement Comparison between Normal Subjects and Stroke Patients

2007 IEEE 10th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics ◽

10.1109/icorr.2007.4428507 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yoshiyuki Takahashi ◽

Takafumi Terada ◽

Kaoru Inoue ◽

Yuko Ito ◽

Yumi Ikeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Haptic Device ◽

Stroke Patients

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Functional and anatomical profile of visual motion impairments in stroke patients correlate with fMRI in normal subjects

Journal of Neuropsychology ◽

10.1348/174866409x471760 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 121-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lucia M. Vaina ◽

Elif M. Sikoglu ◽

Sergei Soloviev ◽

Marjorie LeMay ◽

Salvatore Squatrito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Motion ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Stroke Patients

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Reproducibility of corticospinal diffusion tensor tractography in normal subjects and hemiparetic stroke patients

European Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.06.016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 82 (10) ◽

pp. e610-e616 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chao-Chun Lin ◽

Miao-Yu Tsai ◽

Yu-Chien Lo ◽

Yi-Jui Liu ◽

Po-Pang Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Diffusion Tensor Tractography ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Hemiparetic Stroke

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Language Hemispheric Dominance in Patients with Congenital Lesions of Eloquent Brain

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1097/00006123-200009000-00004 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 562-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eric M. Vikingstad ◽

Yue Cao ◽

Ajith J. Thomas ◽

Alex F. Johnson ◽

Ghaus M. Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Development ◽

Left Hemisphere ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Hemispheric Dominance ◽

Similar Process ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Congenital Lesions ◽

Language Representation ◽

The Right

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE In 90% of normal subjects, the left hemisphere is dominant for language function. We investigated whether congenital lesions of the left perisylvian regions altered cortical language representation in right-handed individuals. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we studied language hemispheric dominance in five right-handed adult patients with congenitally acquired arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) originating from left hemispheric cortical language regions. The AVMs had not caused neurological symptoms during early development, but patients presented as adults with migraine, seizure, or minor hemorrhage. Results obtained from the AVM patients were contrasted to those from right-handed brain-injured stroke patients recovering from aphasia and to those from right-handed normal subjects. RESULTS During silent picture naming and verb generation tasks, cortical language networks lateralized primarily to the right hemisphere in the AVM group, compared with the left hemisphere in the normal group. This right hemisphere-shifted language network in the AVM group exceeded the shifts toward right hemispheric dominance found in the stroke group. CONCLUSION Patients with AVMs affecting the left perisylvian regions recruited the right hemisphere into language processing networks during early development, presumably in response to congenitally aberrant circulation. This early right hemisphere recruitment in the AVM patients exceeded the similar process in the brains of stroke patients whose left cortical language networks were damaged in adulthood. Our data provide evidence of effective plasticity in the developing human brain compared with the mature brain response to injury. Knowledge of cortical language representation should assist presurgical planning in patients with developmental anomalies affecting apparently language-dominant brain regions.

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Local Interrelationships of Cerebral Oxygen Consumption and Glucose Utilization in Normal Subjects and in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Positron Tomography Study

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1984.22 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 140-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 185

Author(s):

J. C. Baron ◽

D. Rougemont ◽

F. Soussaline ◽

P. Bustany ◽

C. Crouzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Kinetic Method ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Combined Method ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Cerebral Metabolic Rate ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Ischemic Tissue

With the use of positron emission tomography (PET) and the 15O steady-state-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose combined method, the local interrelationships between the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlc) were investigated in control subjects and in stroke patients. In addition to the classic in vivo autoradiographic approach, a kinetic method was used to measure CMRGlc because it was expected to be more reliable in cerebral ischemia. In control subjects local coupling between CBF, CMRO2, and CMRGlc was confirmed, and acceptable values for the CMRO2/CMRGlc ratio were found; the latter, however, was lower in white matter than in gray. Uncoupling between CMRO2 and CMRGlc was observed in all stroke patients, suggesting that (1) enhanced anaerobic glycolysis occurred both in reperfused recent infarcts and in chronically ischemic tissue, and (2) substrates other than blood-borne glucose were being oxidized at the borders of recent infarcts. However, methodological uncertainties presently make such observations only tentative. Finally, a coupled depression of CMRO2 and CMRGlc was found in the contralateral cerebellum.

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Functional and anatomical decomposition of face processing: evidence from prosopagnosia and PET study of normal subjects

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1992.0007 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 335 (1273) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Keyword(s):

Face Processing ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Functional Neuroanatomy ◽

Object Processing ◽

Cerebral Activation ◽

Temporal Lobes ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

Radiological Data ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Studies of brain-damaged patients have revealed the existence of a selective impairment of face processing, prosopagnosia, resulting from lesions at different loci in the occipital and temporal lobes. The lesions are often extensive, and it is unclear what functional aspects of face processing are normally served by the damaged areas, and whether they are uniquely devoted to the processing of faces. These issues are further addressed through a combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) study of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal subjects performing different tasks of face and object processing. The results indicate different patterns of cerebral activation depending on the requirements of the tasks within the processing of faces, as well as a clear dissociation of the neural substrates underlying face and object processing. These results are compared with radiological data from prosopagnosic patients, and are put in relation with the patterns of deficits observed in the patients as a function of the location of their lesions. Together, the findings offer new evidence regarding the functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing.

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Correction for the Presence of Intravascular Oxygen-15 in the Steady-State Technique for Measuring Regional Oxygen Extraction Ratio in the Brain: 2. Results in Normal Subjects and Brain Tumour and Stroke Patients

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1983.68 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 425-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Adriaan A. Lammertsma ◽

Richard J. S. Wise ◽

Jon D. Heather ◽

Jeremy M. Gibbs ◽

Klaus L. Leenders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Brain Tumour ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Extraction Ratio ◽

Oxygen Extraction ◽

Inhalation Technique ◽

Cerebral Oxygen ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Oxygen Extraction Ratio ◽

Oxygen Utilisation

Values of regional cerebral oxygen extraction ratio and oxygen utilisation obtained with the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation technique have been found to be overestimated due to the signal from intravascular oxygen-15. A previously described method to correct for this intravascular component has been applied to a series of studies on normal subjects, and on brain tumour and stroke patients. With this correction the regional cerebral oxygen extraction ratio in normals becomes comparable to the global values previously reported with arteriovenous sampling techniques. Within the lesions of brain tumour and stroke patients, the corrections have been found to be variable and often substantial. It is concluded that failure to apply this correction may result in major errors in the values for regional oxygen extraction ratio and oxygen utilisation. This is especially true when the regional blood flow and oxygen extraction ratio of a tissue is low and regional blood volume is high.

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