Effect of elastic lumbosacral supports on lumbar spine mechanical stresses

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Jim Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Conventional Manner ◽  
Post Hoc

Subjects lifted a 6.82 kg weight from the floor to 1.23 meters high using an elastic lumbosacral support worn the conventional way, without a support, and with the support wide side forward. The lifts were analyzed using the "Lift-track" 2 dimensional analysis program, and the results subjected to repeated measures design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni analysis. This study indicates that use an elastic lumbosacral support is able to influence lifting posture enough to have a significant effect on mechanical stress being placed on the L5-S1 joint in lifting from the floor, if worn with the wide side facing the abdomen. Wearing the support in the conventional manner had no significant effect in reducing the mechanical stress on the lumbar spine.

Using Mystat to Analyze a Repeated-Measures Design

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Variance Design

Laboratory experiments having a two-way analysis of variance design with repeated-measures on one factor are analyzed by MYSTAT. The key is in coding subjects as a factor and expressing the design as a three-way factorial with one subject per cell.

Interactive Two-Way Television vs. In-Person Teaching

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Ross Johnson ◽  
Michael O'Connor ◽  
Robert Rossing
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Interactive Television ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Role Play Simulation ◽  
Expository Teaching

Are there differences in students' achievement scores and attitudes when the pupils are taught by two different modes: interactive two-way television and live expository teaching? Thirteen graduate students were enrolled in a university off-campus course: five were instructors at a community college, five worked in a hospital or Veterans Administration facility, and three were instructors at a university. A repeated measures design was used in collecting achievement and attitude data on six class sessions (three in-person expository and three interactive television). Analysis of variance was used with test scores as the dependent variable while the mode of instruction (in-person vs. two-way television), instructional strategy (expository, film, role play/simulation), and content of lesson (eight different sessions) were used as the independent variables. There were no negative student attitudes when the class was taught either in-person or by interactive two-way television. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences when test scores were used as the dependent variable.

scholarly journals Hippotherapy—An Intervention to Habilitate Balance Deficits in Children With Movement Disorders: A Clinical Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie J. Silkwood-Sherer ◽  
Clyde B. Killian ◽  
Toby M. Long ◽  
Kathy S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Friedman Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Balance Problems

Background Clinical observations have suggested that hippotherapy may be an effective strategy for habilitating balance deficits in children with movement disorders. However, there is limited research to support this notion. Objective The purposes of this study were to assess the effectiveness of hippotherapy for the management of postural instability in children with mild to moderate balance problems and to determine whether there is a correlation between balance and function. Design A repeated-measures design for a cohort of children with documented balance deficits was used. Methods Sixteen children (9 boys and 7 girls) who were 5 to 16 years of age and had documented balance problems participated in this study. Intervention consisted of 45-minute hippotherapy sessions twice per week for 6 weeks. Two baseline assessments and 1 postintervention assessment of balance, as measured with the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), and of function, as measured with the Activities Scale for Kids—Performance (ASKp), were performed. Results With the Friedman analysis of variance, the PBS and the ASKp were found to be statistically significant across all measurements (P<.0001 for both measures). Post hoc analysis revealed a statistical difference between baseline and postintervention measures (P≤.017). This degree of difference resulted in large effect sizes for PBS (d=1.59) and ASKp (d=1.51) scores after hippotherapy. A Spearman rho correlation of .700 indicated a statistical association between PBS and ASKp postintervention scores (P=.003). There was no correlation between the change in PBS scores and the change in ASKp scores (rs=.13, P>.05). Limitations Lack of a control group and the short duration between baseline assessments are study limitations. Conclusions The findings suggest that hippotherapy may be a viable strategy for reducing balance deficits and improving the performance of daily life skills in children with mild to moderate balance problems.

Comparison of music stimuli to support mindfulness meditation

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561987849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbey L Dvorak ◽  
Eugenia Hernandez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Harmonic Progression ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of and preference for different auditory stimuli in supporting mindfulness meditation. Undergraduate non-musicians ( N = 57) listened to four different auditory stimuli guiding them in a mindfulness meditation: script only (i.e., Script), steady beat (i.e., Beat), beat and harmonic progression (i.e., Harmony), and beat, harmony, and melody (i.e., Melody). This study used a within-subjects repeated-measures design with the four conditions counterbalanced and randomized across participants. Participants rated responses using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), completed the Absorption in Music Scale (AIMS), and ranked auditory stimuli according to preference and usefulness for mindfulness meditation. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the MAAS scores, using the AIMS as a covariate, indicated no statistically significant difference between auditory stimuli. However, with the AIMS removed, the analysis revealed significant differences between stimuli, indicating that levels of absorption in music may moderate participants’ responses to auditory stimuli for mindfulness meditation. Friedman analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and post hoc analyses indicated that participant rankings of usefulness and preference were significantly different among conditions, with the Melody and Harmony conditions ranked highest.

scholarly journals Location of Scoliosis and Postural Reactions Among Girls Aged 7-18 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczynski ◽  
Natalia Habik ◽  
Sylwia Janecka ◽  
Przemyslaw Karolak ◽  
Alicja Sliwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Reactions ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Lateral Curvature ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Ellipse Area ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of the study was evaluation of the relationships between location of scoliosis and postural reactions in girls aged 7-18. The study included 28 girls aged 7-18 with lateral curvature of the spine and scoliotic posture. Selection of the examined girls was targeted. The children were treated in the Inter-School Centre for Corrective and Compensatory Gymnastics in Starachowice. The study was conducted in June 2011. Digital Exhibeon radiograms were applied to determine the location of the curvature. Postural reactions were evaluated using the static-dynamic platform Tecnobody ST 310 Plus Stability System. The variables were verified for normality of the distribution by means of Shapiro-Wilk test. The variability of the quantitative characteristics with respect to categorial characteristics was verified by using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. In the case of significant main results or interactions, the Bonferroni test and Tukey test were applied as a post hoc analysis. The p values p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Analysis of variance showed significant relationships between Average Forward-Backward Speed, Perimeter, Ellipse Area in open eyes test (OE), and location of the curvature. The highest amplitudes of the reactions Average Forward-Backward Speer, Perimeter, Ellipse Area in open eyes test (OE) were observed in lumbar curvatures. In examination with eyes closed (CE), a correlation was found between the location of the curvature and Forward-Backward Standard Deviation, Average Forward-Backward Speer, and Perimeter. The highest amplitudes of reactions Average Forward-Backward Speer, Perimeter, Ellipse Area in eyes closed test (CE) were noted also in lumbar curvatures. The comparative analysis of variance of postural reactions with respect to the location of the secondary curvature showed significant results only for Average Forward-Backward Speed (OE). Average Forward-Backward Speed (OE) was the highest in curvatures with thoracic location. 

The effect of varying encoding conditions on jazz, instrumental, and choral musicians’ memorization accuracy: Implications for music literacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562198897
Author(s):  
Aaron Lohmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concert Band ◽  
Music Literacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Band Group ◽  
Music Memorization ◽  
Post Hoc

The primary purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effect of three encoding conditions (singing, playing, studying silently) on participants’ music memorization accuracy; (2) to examine potential differences between choral, jazz, and concert band musicians’ accuracy in completing the music memorization task; and (3) to determine whether ensemble affiliation yielded any performance advantages among the three presentation conditions. Three folk melodies were selected for memorization under the three encoding conditions. Participants ( N = 81) had 75 s to commit each melody to memory while studying silently, singing, or playing on a keyboard. Participants then notated the three melodies using conventional staff notation. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on one factor revealed significant differences based on participants’ ensemble affiliation. A Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc test revealed the jazz group had higher accuracy scores than the band group. No significant differences were found based on encoding conditions, and no significant interactions were found between the encoding conditions and ensemble groups. The experiment is framed by questions related to memory, reading, and differing notions of literacy.

scholarly journals No change in oxytocin level before a human intergroup competition: study among Polish players before rugby and handball matches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Koziel ◽  
Marek Kociuba ◽  
Zofia Ignasiak ◽  
Andrzej Rokita ◽  
Ireneusz Cichy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Competition Study ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Oxytocin Level

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess the changes in urinary oxytocin concentration during the period between five days before, and on the day of match, among rugby and handball players.MethodsThe study used a repeated measures design with the relative oxytocin level as the outcome variable measured at two subsequent points of time, viz., on five days before as well as on the days of matches. Nine male rugby players with a mean age of 27.62 years (SD = 4.21) and 18 male handball players with a mean age of 17.03 years (SD = 0.57) participated. Urinary oxytocin level was measured by ELISA immunoassay as a ratio to the concentration of creatinine [mg/ml] measured through colorimetric detection. Differences in oxytocin level were assessed by ANOVA with repeated measurements.ResultsThe OT/CRE levels significantly differed between the type of player (rugby or handball) but not between times of measurements. Tukey’s post-hoc tests revealed that significant differences were only between OT/CRE level in a day of match in rugby players and in 5 days before match in handball players (p<0.05).ConclusionThere was no change in oxytocin levels during the time periods between five days before and on the day of a match, in either of the two kinds of players. The change in oxytocin might be traceable during the match but not before a match and thus perhaps depends on a more subtle context of competition, but not on the assumption of competition.

scholarly journals From Stoop to Squat: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lumbar Loading Among Different Lifting Styles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael von Arx ◽  
Melanie Liechti ◽  
Lukas Connolly ◽  
Christian Bangerter ◽  
Michael L. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Squat Lifting ◽  
Stoop Lifting

Lifting up objects from the floor has been identified as a risk factor for low back pain, whereby a flexed spine during lifting is often associated with producing higher loads in the lumbar spine. Even though recent biomechanical studies challenge these assumptions, conclusive evidence is still lacking. This study therefore aimed at comparing lumbar loads among different lifting styles using a comprehensive state-of-the-art motion capture-driven musculoskeletal modeling approach. Thirty healthy pain-free individuals were enrolled in this study and asked to repetitively lift a 15 kg-box by applying 1) a freestyle, 2) a squat and 3) a stoop lifting technique. Whole-body kinematics were recorded using a 16-camera optical motion capture system and used to drive a full-body musculoskeletal model including a detailed thoracolumbar spine. Continuous as well as peak compressive, anterior-posterior shear and total loads (resultant load vector of the compressive and shear load vectors) were calculated based on a static optimization approach and expressed as factor body weight (BW). In addition, lumbar lordosis angles and total lifting time were calculated. All parameters were compared among the lifting styles using a repeated measures design. For each lifting style, loads increased towards the caudal end of the lumbar spine. For all lumbar segments, stoop lifting showed significantly lower compressive and total loads (−0.3 to −1.0BW) when compared to freestyle and squat lifting. Stoop lifting produced higher shear loads (+0.1 to +0.8BW) in the segments T12/L1 to L4/L5, but lower loads in L5/S1 (−0.2 to −0.4BW). Peak compressive and total loads during squat lifting occurred approximately 30% earlier in the lifting cycle compared to stoop lifting. Stoop lifting showed larger lumbar lordosis range of motion (35.9 ± 10.1°) than freestyle (24.2 ± 7.3°) and squat (25.1 ± 8.2°) lifting. Lifting time differed significantly with freestyle being executed the fastest (4.6 ± 0.7 s), followed by squat (4.9 ± 0.7 s) and stoop (5.9 ± 1.1 s). Stoop lifting produced lower total and compressive lumbar loads than squat lifting. Shear loads were generally higher during stoop lifting, except for the L5/S1 segment, where anterior shear loads were higher during squat lifting. Lifting time was identified as another important factor, considering that slower speeds seem to result in lower loads.

Effects of prolonged exercise in highly trained traumatic paraplegic men

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1846-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Gass ◽  
E. M. Camp
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Post Hoc

This study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to prolonged wheelchair exercise in a group of highly trained, traumatic paraplegic men. Six endurance-trained subjects with spinal cord lesions from T10 to T12/L3 underwent a maximal incremental exercise test in which they propelled their own track wheelchairs on a motor-driven treadmill to exhaustion to determine maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and related variables. One week later each subject exercised in the same wheelchair on a motorized treadmill at 60–65% of VO2max for 80 min in a thermoneutral environment (dry bulb 22 degrees C, wet bulb 17 degrees C). Approximately 10 ml of venous blood were withdrawn both 20 min and immediately before exercise (0 min), after 40 and 80 min of exercise, and 20 min postexercise. Venous blood was analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and lactate, and the separated plasma was analyzed for glucose, K+, Na+, Cl-, free fatty acid (FFA), and osmolality. VO2, CO2 production (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), net efficiency, and wheelchair strike rate were determined at four intervals throughout the exercise period. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance repeated-measures design and a Scheffe post hoc test. VO2max was 47.5 +/- 1.8 (SE) ml.min-1.kg-1 with maximal VE BTPS and maximal heart rate (HR) being 100.1 +/- 3.8 l/min and 190 +/- 1 beats/min, respectively. During prolonged exercise there were no significant changes in VO2, VCO2, VE, R, net efficiency, wheelchair strike rate, and lactate, glucose, and Na+ concentrations. Significant increases occurred in HR, FFA, K+, Cl-, osmolality, Hb, and Hct throughout exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of Age, Sex, and Placement of a Model on Children's Performance on a Ball-Striking Task

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1187-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean F. Anderson ◽  
James A. Gebhart ◽  
Dale G. Pease ◽  
Allan A. Rupnow
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Temporal Placement ◽  
Model Condition ◽  
Age And Sex

The present investigation examined the effects of age, sex, and temporal placement of a model on performance of a ball-striking task. 90 boys and 90 girls, aged 7 and 9 yr., were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. The model was presented before any trials were attempted, midway, or not at all during 16 trials. A 2 (age) X 2 (sex) X 3 (model condition) X 16 (trials) repeated-measures design was utilized. Analysis of variance indicated significant effects of age and sex and interactions of age and sex, and of age and trials for number of ball hits in 20 sec. Findings support previous research which indicated that age, sex, and model are important influences on motor performance.

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