scholarly journals Pediatric neuromuscular disorders: Care considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Anne Troike Stratton ◽  
Richard Ogden Roberts III ◽  
Oren Kupfer ◽  
Terri Carry ◽  
Julie Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Caregiver Support

COVID-19, the respiratory and frequently systemic disease caused by the novel SARS-COV-2 virus, was first recognized in December 2019 and quickly spread to become a pandemic and world-wide public health emergency over the subsequent 3–4 months. While COVID-19 has a very low morbidity rate across approximately 80% of the population, it has a high morbidity and mortality rate in the remaining 20% of the population.1 These numbers have put a significant strain on medical systems around the world. Patients with neuromuscular diseases such as those with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), tend to be more medically fragile and have higher health care needs than the general population. Respiratory insufficiency, cardiac disease, obesity, and immunocompromised status due to chronic steroid treatments in certain patient populations with neuromuscular conditions are specific risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. In general, the pediatric population has shown to be less severely impacted with lower infection rates and lower morbidity and mortality rates than the adult population, however, as expected, children with underlying medical conditions are at higher risk of morbidity from COVID-19 than their peers.2 Many patients with neuromuscular disease also rely heavily on caregiver support through their lifetime and thus maintaining the health of their primary caregivers is also a significant consideration in the health and well-being of the patients. This paper will address routine and emergency medical care, rehabilitation services, and other considerations for the pediatric patient with a neuromuscular condition during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The toll of COVID-19 on African children: A descriptive analysis on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Rodriguez Velasquez ◽  
Lea Jacques ◽  
Jyoti Dalal ◽  
Paolo Sestito ◽  
Zahra Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, very little data on the epidemiological characteristics among the pediatric population in Africa has been published. This paper examines the age and sex distribution of the morbidity and mortality rate in children with COVID-19 and compares it to the adult population within 15 Sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: A merge line listing dataset using a reverse engineering model shared by countries within the Regional Office for Africa was analyzed. Patients diagnosed within 1 March 2020 and 1 September 2020 with confirmed positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Children data were stratified into three age groups: 0-4 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years, while adults were combined. The cumulative incidence of cases including its medians and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: 9% of the total confirmed cases and 2.4% of the reported deaths were pediatric cases. The 12-17 age group in all 15 countries showed the highest cumulative incidence proportion in children. COVID-19 cases in males and females under the age of 18 were evenly distributed. Among adults, a higher case incidence per 100,000 people was observed compared to children. Conclusion: The cases and deaths within the children population was smaller than the adult population. These differences can reflect biases in COVID-19 testing protocols and reporting implemented by countries, highlighting the need for more extensive investigation and focus on the effects of COVID-19 in children.

Gamma Knife surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children: a 13-year experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hung-Chi Pan ◽  
Yu-Hung Kuo ◽  
Wan-Yuo Guo ◽  
Wen-Yuh Chung ◽  
Hsiu-Mei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Obliteration Rate

Object Studies on the efficacy of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) radiosurgery have largely been conducted in the adult population. Clinically, the results may not always be applicable to pediatric patients. Moreover, studies involving the pediatric population have largely comprised small- (< 3 cm3) and medium-sized (3–10 cm3) AVMs. For large (> 10 cm3) AVMs in children, sparse radiosurgical results are available. The current study was conducted to further clarify the role of radiosurgery in the treatment of pediatric AVMs. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of data obtained in 105 pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) with cerebral AVMs treated by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) between 1993 and 2006. For statistical comparison the authors studied data acquired in 458 adult patients with AVMs treated during the same period. The patients underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 6-month intervals. Cerebral angiography was used to confirm the obliteration of the AVM. Results In pediatric patients, the AVM obliteration rate at 48 months after a primary GKS was 65%. Repeated GKS in those in whom primary treatments failed further ablated some AVMs, for an overall obliteration rate of 81%. The efficacy of GKS correlated with the size of the AVM: 91% for small, 86% for medium, and 64% for large AVMs. The treatments were associated with an 8% morbidity rate and < 1% mortality rate. Posttreatment hemorrhage occurred in 4 (4%) of 105 patients. Obliteration rates at 48 months of small and extremely large (> 20 cm3) AVMs were similar in the pediatric and adult groups, whereas AVMs between 3 and 10 cm3 responded less efficaciously in children (p = 0.042). The AVMs with volumes ranging from 10 to 20 cm3 were also associated with a lower obliteration rate in children at 48 months, but statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.279). Conclusions Gamma Knife surgery is an effective and safe treatment alternative for pediatric AVMs. The medium (3–10-cm3) and large (10–20-cm3) AVMs tend to respond less efficaciously than those of comparable size in adults.

scholarly journals Gingival Hyperplasia as an Early Diagnostic Oral Manifestation in Acute Monocytic Leukemia: A Case Report

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat Demirer ◽  
Hakan Özdemir ◽  
Mehmet Şencanc ◽  
Ismail Marakoğlud
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

ABSTRACTAcute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of bone marrow. Due to its high morbidity rate, early diagnosis and appropriate medical therapy is essential. Rapidly forming gingival hyperplasia is usually the first sign of this disease. This case report describes a 17-year-old female who presented rapid gingival overgrowth together with gingival bleeding in only two weeks time. A medical consultation was asked from hematology clinics and after a detailed medical examination Acute Monocytic Leukemia (FAB M5) was rendered. Chemotherapy was the choice of treatment. The patient responded well to chemotherapeutic induction regimen and after two months of medical therapy disease remised and gingival hyperplasia regressed. This case report shows that the gingival hyperplasia may represent an initial manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. Also, early medical therapy in acute monocytic leukemia may resolve the gingival hyperplasia that companies the disease progression. (Eur J Dent 2007;2:111-114)

scholarly journals Streptococcus Intermedius Lung Abscess in a 17-year-old Male

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Jason Andrew Levine ◽  
Karen Hovsepyan ◽  
Daniel Lubarsky ◽  
Deepa Mukundan ◽  
Jennifer Ruddy
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Streptococcus Intermedius ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Rare Diagnosis

Streptococcus intermedius lung abscess and empyema is a chronic infectious process associated with a high morbidity and mortality.  It is typically seen in adults, and is considered a rare disease process in the pediatric population.  Our case describes a 17 year old male presenting with 3 months of cough associated with later development of chest and back pain.  He was later found to have a severe empyema secondary to Streptococcus intermedius.  This case underlines a rare diagnosis in the pediatric population, as well as a association with smoking and vaping. 

scholarly journals The analysis of high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the adult population as a medical and social problem and the search for ways to solve it

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
V. P. Kosolapov ◽  
M. V. Yarmonova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of cardiovascular morbidity (CVD), mortality of the population and the demographic situation, as well as determining the prevalence of CVD as a medical and social problem at the federal and regional levels. The analysis of the implementation of the policy of providing medical care to patients with CVD, modern scientific publications on the indicated problem, and the search for ways to solve the medical and social problem of high morbidity and mortality from CVD are carried out.Materials and methods. The data of official statistical information on the morbidity and mortality of the adult population of the Russian Federation and the Voronezh region for 2010–2019 were used, the works of modern domestic and foreign scientists dealing with the solution of this problem were studied.Results. It has been established that high CVD and mortality are an acute medical and social problem. Mortality from CVD in Russia in 2019 amount to 46.8% of the total number of deaths. The mortality rate from CVD in Russia exceeds that in the developed countries of the European Union. Despite the presence of positive trends in the fight against this disease, the mortality rate from CVD in the Voronezh region is higher than the average for the Russian Federation (601.8 and 573.2 per 100 thousand population, respectively). The deterioration of the demographic situation, the presence of active targeted projects in this area are the basis for conducting scientific research to find ways to duce CVD and mortality in the adult population.Conclusion. The high morbidity and mortality from CVD requires a search for new ways to solve the problem, since the existing approaches to its solution are not holistic and universal. It is urgent to develop an integrated approach that takes into account the medical and social characteristics of the adult population of the region.

scholarly journals Major Causes of Calf and Lamb Mortality and Morbidity and Associated Risk Factors in the Mixed Crop-Livestock Production System in Jamma District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Atsbha Hadgu ◽  
Alemayehu Lemma ◽  
Tefera Yilma ◽  
Haben Fesseha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Lamb and calf preweaning mortality and morbidity account for serious losses in sheep and cattle production and are, thus, a major factor in reducing profitability and adversely affecting the sheep and cattle farming. Thus, a prospective cohort study was conducted in Jamma district, Amhara Regional State, to determine the major cause of calf and lamb morbidity and mortality and associated risk factors. A semi-structured questionnaire and clinical assessment of the animals were conducted from 150 households to assess the potential risk factors. Besides, a total of 102 (81 fecal samples and 21 skin scrapings) were collected from 150 clinically ill and suspected animals to identify the cause of morbidity and mortality. The test of difference and correlation between variables were computed using chi-square and generalized linear model analysis. The total morbidity and mortality in calves were 33.3% and 2%, respectively, whereas for lamb, they were 27.3% and 32.5%, respectively. In calf, septicemia (100%) was a major cause of mortality, and diarrhea (54.6%) was the leading cause of calf morbidity followed by skin disease (30.1%), respiratory problems (12%), and septicemia (3.3%). Malnutrition was the most common problem in lambs causing up to 31.3% mortality followed by diarrhea 24% and respiratory problems 21.3%. The presence of a disease in adult cattle was significantly correlated to the presence of disease in calves ( p < 0.001 ; r = 0.35). There was also a significantly higher positive correlation between sickness in adult sheep and lambs ( p < 0.001 , r = 0.45). Gastrointestinal parasitosis was identified in 82.7% of the samples collected from diarrheic and suspected calves (87.1% positive) and lambs (80% positive). Monezia species in lamb (33.3%) and Coccidia species in the calf (35.9%) had the largest morbidity rate. Ctenocephalides canis (16.7%) and Linognatus species (41.7%) were common ectoparasites identified in calves, while Melophagus ovinus was the only ectoparasite of lambs recovered (62.5%). In conclusion, the high morbidity found in calves and morbidity and mortality in lambs are known to seriously reduce the profitability of the smallholder cattle and sheep production in the area by affecting the availability of replacement animals and causing a detrimental effect on herd expansion and productivity. In further studies, establishing the specific causative agents, control of diseases in the adult, and improvement in feed resources should be the major areas that need to be considered to mitigate calf and lamb morbidity and mortality currently affecting the area.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular diseases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Sarcomeric Genes

[first paragraph of article]Neuromuscular disorders are frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities, even in pediatric population. Cardiac involvement includes both structural changes and conduction disease. In general, HCM is a rare manifestation of neuromuscular diseases. Autosomal dominant inheritance with mutations in sarcomeric genes are described in about 60% of young adults and adult population with HCM. Other genetic disorders, such as inherited metabolic and neuromuscular diseases and other chromosome abnormalities are responsible of 5–10% of HCM in adults. We review the most frequent neuromuscular diseases related with HCM.

Management of oesophageal anastomosis dehiscence after oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Keyword(s):  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Anastomotic Dehiscence ◽  
Gastric Conduit ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithm

Oesophagectomy is being used in treatment of several oesophageal diseases, most commonly in treatment of oesophageal cancer. It is a major surgical procedure that may result in various complications. One of the most severe complications is anastomotic dehiscence between the gastric conduit and the oesophageal remnant. Anastomotic dehiscence after esophagectomy is directly linked to high morbidity and mortality. We propose a therapeutic algorithm of this complication based on published literature and our experience by retrospective evaluationof 164 patients who underwent oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer. Anastomotic dehiscence was present in 29 cases.

Delayed Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury In Young: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Joshua Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the problems caused by traffic accidents, has a high morbidity in developing country like Indonesia. In Indonesia, the use of motorcycles is increasing every year. The epidemiological data from Fatmawati Hospital of spinal cord injury in 2014 was 104 cases both traumatic and non-traumatic SCI. In this case, a young boy with worsening of SCI, delayed the treatment for about 3 months.Case: A 19 years-old male complained of limbs paralysis for the past two weeks. He felt numbness and tingling in hamstring and calf areas. From past medical history, he had a motorcycle accident 3 months prior. After the accident, he suffered from extreme low back pain, but he could still move his legs. Due to economic restrictions, the patient refused to go to the hospital, and they chose a traditional treatment. For about three months, the pain was decreasing, but he was never pain-free. As the symptoms continued to worsen, the neurosurgeon decided to decompress the spinal cord and performed discectomy. After a week of treatment, the pain disappeared, motor muscle got better, and he could feel again the sensation on the dermatome of S1. Conclusion: Early treatment is recommended to get a better outcome. The surgery is not the only treatment, rehabilitation and orthotics using are important too. Delayed treatment increases morbidity rate.

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