Application of microcrystalline complex modifiers for steel ladle treatment. Part 2. Results of elaboration of a technology for wide range of steels treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-431
Author(s):  
V. A. Golubtsov ◽  
I. V. Ryabchikov ◽  
I. V. Bakin ◽  
A. Ya. Dynin ◽  
O. N. Romanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Efficiency evaluation of physical and chemical methods of steel quality improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-705
Author(s):  
V. A. Golubtsov ◽  
I. V. Bakin ◽  
A. A. Tokarev ◽  
I. V. Ryabchikov ◽  
G. G. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Steel Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To achieve a high quality of steel a wide range of liquid metal treatment methods applied. The choice of method is often determined by technological possibilities of the metal products manufacturer. An analysis of various physical and chemical methods of steel quality improvement accomplished, which allowed making a choice of liquid metal treatment method, depending on existing tasks and technological possibilities. It was shown, that physical and chemical methods of metal products quality improvement apart from other methods of ladle treatment have additional possibilities to effect steel quality. In some cases, those methods allow to exclude a complicated technological equipment, to reduce considerably expenses for liquid metal ladle treatment and to improve the products quality. A comparative analysis of methods of steel ladle treatment accomplished. Data on the active elements behavior in the iron based melts quoted. The mechanism of modification, inoculation and steel micro-alloying processes described. Data on industrial application those processes to obtain quality metal products quoted. It was shown, that melt modification process allows changing the metal structure, decreasing its impurity by nonmetallic inclusions, to change the nature, form and character of their distribution in the metal. Effect of the micro-alloying has a long-term and stable character of alloying elements impact and allows effecting the steel quality, changing steel chemical and phase compositions. Inoculation allows considerable increasing the ability of nuclei formation and effect the metal crystallization parameters due to formation of ready crystallization centers in the solidifying alloy. Base on analysis results a conclusion made, that physical and chemical methods of impact on steel allow purposefully effecting the metal products properties, reduce the cost of metal treatment and increase its quality.

scholarly journals Effective Materials from Recycled Aluminum Waste for Steel Ladle Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
L V Tribushevskiy ◽  
G A Rumyantseva ◽  
B M Nemenenok
Keyword(s):  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Ladle

Experience of application of calcium-containing cored wire with various fillers at steel ladle treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-444
Author(s):  
A. D. Khoroshilov ◽  
P. A. Salikhanov ◽  
D. P. Byzov ◽  
M. V. Zhironkin ◽  
K. B. Bikin
Keyword(s):  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Cored Wire

Experience of thick-walled calcium-containing cored wire application at steel ladle treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1020-1023
Author(s):  
M. K. Isaev ◽  
V. A. Bigeev ◽  
A. B. Sychkov ◽  
A. M/ Stolyarov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Shell ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Wire Feeding ◽  
Cored Wires

Metal processing in ladle by calcium-containing cored wires is one of the most spread methods of ladle treatment and modifying. Results of analysis of efficiency induces of existing cored wires application depending on their diameter, wall thickness and filling coefficient presented. It was shown that the basic efficiency index of a cored wire application – recovery coefficient – depending on wire quality (homogeneity of filling by calcium along the wire length), wire grade, conditions of its injection into liquid steel and other parameters can vary within a range from 50 to 95%. Reasons of unsatisfactory calcium recovery at usage of calcium-containing wires of 14–15 mm diameter with steel shell 0.4 mm thick and filling of mechanical mixture of steel shots and metallic calcium in various proportions was considered. Advantages of the modern calcium-containing cored wire with thicker wall were highlighted, including their higher wire rigidity and stability of its supply by a wire feeder into liquid steel. It was established that calcium content in a cored wire at the level of 100 g/m was the most effective composition. It was noted that increase of speed of cored wire feeding into steel will result in an increase of calcium recovery and in a decrease of probability of metal splashing out the steel ladle.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of electric arcs heat recovery at semi-product heating in the EAF working space during finishing period

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-710
Author(s):  
A. V. Sazonov ◽  
E. E. Merker ◽  
A. A. Kozhukhov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Electric Arcs ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Process Documentation ◽  
The One ◽  
Furnace Slag

Analytical calculations carried out to determine the degree of heat recovery by a liquid melt depending on the electric mode and the residual height of the furnace slag. It was shown that despite the use of automation systems, the temperature semiproduct tapping does not always correspond to the one specified in the process documentation. In this regard, there is a period of “finishing”, which is carried out at lower voltage steps and with a minimum residual mass of slag on the surface of the melt. An increase in slag mass leads to a decrease in the “freeboard” value in the steel ladle after tapping, which, in consequence, can lead to its downloading during ladle treatment procedure, with the loss of expensive additional materials. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, options proposed for improving the degree of heat recovery of electric arcs during the “finishing” period by changing the electrical parameters at a fixed height of residual slag in the furnace.

Application of microcrystalline complex modifiers for steel ladle treatment. Part 1. The role of nonmetallic inclusions in steel quality forming

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
V. A. Golubtsov ◽  
I. V. Ryabchikov ◽  
I. V. Bakin ◽  
A. Ya. Dynin ◽  
O. N. Romanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

Contamination of steel by nonmetallic inclusions (NI) has a negative effect on mechanical characteristics of metal used under no favorable conditions. Conditions of NI forming in the process of steel smelting, ladle treatment and casting considered. It was shown that it is impossible to get rid of many NI. However, the task of forming less “harmful” NI having minimal effect on the decrease of finished products indices is quite practicable. To refine steel of NI it is reasonable to accomplish operations in a melt to modify NI morphology from dangerous acute-angled aluminous to globular oxide-sulphide. This task can be solved by introduction into metal complex modifiers comprising calcium, barium, strontium and rare earth metals. Addition of complex modifiers is a good alternative to complicative and long-time operations to decrease NI general content to lower levels, for example, by long-time metal ladle treatment. Application of the method enables in some situation to avoid expensive operations related to deep metal desulphuri zation and its dehydronization. Clean steel production becomes considerably easier at application of multicomponent alloys, obtained by a technology of accelerated crystallization. Application of such compositions results in forming globular oxide and oxide-sulphide compounds, as well as eutectics with low-melting point, which are comparatively quickly removed out of liquid metal. At that due to decreasing of liquation processes forming in the liquid metal, higher quality of large ingots and work-pieces, obtained from 420 t mass ingots can be reached.

scholarly journals An alternative lining of steel ladles: technical and economic aspects

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
L. M. Akselrod ◽  
V. Garten
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Ladle Lining ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Metal Quality ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbon ◽  
Steel Making

Quality of steel ladles lining to a big extent determine the economic efficiency of steel-making operation. Direct costs on the refractory lining of them can reach 30–50 % of the costs of lining of a steel-making complex. Experience of utilization of refractory materials of different composition considered with the purpose of efficiency increase of refractory materials application in the steel ladles lining under conditions of steel ladle treatment. Considerable abilities shown to make the lining of steel ladle walls and bottom by both carbon-containing and carbon-free refractory materials taking into account the economic aspect. Lining base of steel-making facilities — BOFs, EAFs and steel ladles — is composed by periclase-carbon (MgO–C) refractories. However those refractories have a high heat conductivity, that effects on the heat operation of steel ladles. When using MgO–С materials, vertical fractures can appear in the ladle walls lining as its residual thickness becomes small. Under definite conditions a working lining chipping takes place, problems appear with lining destruction in the pieces angles with cavities formation at the pieces joining. To level the MgO–С drawbacks, periclase-alumo-carbon (MgO–Al2O3–С) and alumo-periclase-carbon (Al2O3–MgO–С) refractory products are used. Al2O3–MgO–C refractories are widely used in most erosion-intensive lining zone — in the combatting place of steel ladle bottom lining. In Russia monolithic lining of steel ladle bottom is successfully displacing the lining by piece products, including alumo-periclase-carbon ones. Such a replace enables to decrease specific refractory consumption and specific costs of them. At present the technology of concrete application to bottom is implemented for ladles of BOF- and steel-making shops. A technology of concrete ladle walls and bottom is intensively implemented for 120–180-ton ladles. The concrete lining of steel ladles has the following advantages: high withstandability against impregnation by metal-slag melt; absence of metal carbonization by the carbon from ladle lining; increase of running duration of safety lining layer by 2–2.5 times; absence of necessity to use nest blocks in both steel outlet unit and for bottom blow-off lance; absence of cracks in lining, wash-outs in seams, angles and edges of pieces; decrease of gaseous hydrocarbon emissions(phenol, formaldehyde, benzapilene) during lining drying, heating-up and operation (only slag belt remains, where pieces have organic binders); saving of materials, working time and manpower while making and maintain the lining; decrease of specific consumption and specific costs for lining per 1t of steel. For lining of steel ladles of big volumes (more 250 t) alumo-periclase (alumo-spinel) products are widely used in China, Europe and Japan. For such a lining the thermo-mechanical tension, arising in monolithic ladle lining, has a less importance, including at its replacing with metal by using crane. It is easier for the products to compensate the ladle geometry change, resulted in metal shall geometry change in time. A positive influence of carbon-free lining, as well as a lining with low content of magnesium oxide, on metal quality noted, first of all for low- and ultralow carbon grades, and pipe low-alloyed steels.

scholarly journals CONTENT MODIFICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS DURING LOW-CARBON IF STEEL LADLE TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Gorkusha ◽  
K. V. Grigorovich ◽  
A. V. Karasev ◽  
O. A. Komolova
Keyword(s):  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Fractional Gas Analysis

Development of advanced materials for the automotive industry allows us to produce a lighter body without losing strength characteristics of the structure. It became possible by the creation and subsequent introduction into the production of such steel grades as IF (Interstitial Free) – steel with no interstitial solute atoms to strain the solid iron lattice and IF-BH (Bake Hardening) – steel with hardening during hot drying. The article provides a brief overview of the history of the emergence of IF steel and the current situation in the production of it in Russia. One of the quality criteria for steels of IF grades is purity of the metal by non-metallic inclusions (NMI), which negatively affect the plastic properties of the material, lead to the formation of surface defects of flat rolled products and reduce the manufacturability due to a decrease in the casting speed of steel, as they cause overgrowing of steel casting nozzles. The article presents investigation results of the content, composition, size and morphology of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in the metal samples taken at all stages of ladle treatment and casting of IF steel grade production using quantitative metallographic analysis, electrochemical dissolution (ED) followed by X-ray microanalysis of isolated inclusions, Auger electron spectroscopy and fractional gas analysis (FGA). As a result of the analysis of inclusions in the studied samples using a scanning electron microscope, according to morphological features, five characteristic types of inclusions were identified, which reduce the performance properties and strength cha racteristics of the materials produced from them. Results of the analysis of nonmetallic inclusions in metal samples obtained by the ED method are in good agreement with the results of the determination of oxide nonmetallic inclusions by the FGA method. The method of fractional gas analysis shows the dynamics of changes in the content of various types of oxide nonmetallic inclusions during the secondary (ladle) treatment of steel. It is shown that application of the FGA method allows to make analysis of causes of the harmful NMI formation in the metal and to correct operations at ladle treatment.

scholarly journals Deoxidizing effect on the low-alloyed steel's nonmetallic inclusion's compositions

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
G. V. Serov ◽  
A. A. Komissarov ◽  
S. M. Tikhonov ◽  
E. P. Sidorova ◽  
I. V. Kushnerev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Activity ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Alumina Concentration ◽  
Metallic Inclusion ◽  
Magnesia Spinel

The investigating results are given in the article for the deoxidizing effect on the non-metallic inclusion compositions tubes steels melted in the vacuum induction furnaces with periclase lining. The oxygen thermodynamic activity was calculated for the lanthanum, cerium, alumina and yttrium melts during four heats. The magnesia spinel inclusion's formation condition was evaluated depending on the deoxidizer's used and on the deoxidizing depth. It was shown how the reduced alumina concentration during the steel ladle treatment governs the non-metal inclusions' compositions and on the possibility of their modification during the commercial tubes steels melting.

scholarly journals Main conditions of rational technological solutions of injection processes for ladle desulphurization of hot metal by various dispersed reagents

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
A. F. Shevchenko ◽  
I. A. Manachin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Heat And Mass Exchange ◽  
Powder Concentration ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Economic Indices

 Application of dispersed reagents in hot metal ladle treatment processes enabled for solving a wide range of tasks of increasing metal products quality and improving technical and economic indices of metal smelting processes. But there are reserves of existing technologies improving, since during their application a whole number of peculiarities of heat- and mass exchange processes, having place in ladle at wide range of parameters and refining conditions, are not taken into consideration. Therefore, elaboration of conceptions about exchange processes mechanisms at different reagents injection input and elaboration of most rational technological solutions are rather actual.Influence of chemical and fraction-dispersed content of reagents on hot metal desulphurization processes studied. First priority of CaO and Mg application justified.It was shown, that when using fine powders, particles less 0.08 mm practically do not penetrate into hot metal melt, and when grain reagents (0.2–1.6 mm) are used, their particles can penetrate into hot metal by a depth of 25 mm.It was established that during the injection desulphurization there are conditions and separation of blow-in two-phase stream takes place in near-tuyere zone with division for gas and solid components.During the desulphurization by powder non-magnesium reagents (lime), the powder concentration 40–60 kg/Nm3 in gas justified, usage of reducing agents not from hot metal components (С, Si, Mn), but Al introduced from outside. Besides, it was recommended to introduce evaporating and gas-forming (in the melt) additions into gas and solid phase for additional phase dispersion in the neartuyere zone.During the magnesium mono-injection its application in the form of grains (0.2–1.6 mm) justified and blow-in velocity >80 m/s.The obtained scientific preconditions of hot metal desulphurization efficiency increase by different reagents were checked in industrial conditions. 

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