scholarly journals Demokratischer Übergang und Sozialdemokratie in Spanien

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (105) ◽  
pp. 595-609
Author(s):  
Eric Hershberg
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Spanish Transition ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Model ◽  
Real Costs

The author argues that the Spanish transition from authoritarianism to liberal democracy as well as the so called social democratic approach to modemization have been stylized into ideal types in the Weberian sense of the term. The Spanish model has gamered widespread attention. lts influence transcends the academic sphere, as Spain has provided political elites across the world with a model of regime change, especially in Latin America and Eastem Europe, where observers are intrigued both by the facility with which transition took place and by Spain's reencounter with the prosperous zones of Western Europe. These idealizations are confronted with the real costs of Spains transition and the democratic deficits of the Spanish Socialists management of crisis.

European sources for advertising and marketing history

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Online Searching ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing History ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Purpose This paper aims to build on Fred Beard’s study of the world’s archives to identity historical advertising and marketing ephemera, published in this journal in 2018, by focussing on resources available in Europe to augment his survey. Design/methodology/approach Online searching, supplemented by literature emanating from the business archive sector, led to the identification of 177 repositories or online sites in Europe holding advertising and marketing archives of significance for researchers. These are set out in two accompanying tables. Findings A wide diversity of European archives that are open to researchers is revealed in this paper. Many are the archives of the business themselves, but a number of collecting repositories are also listed, brought together for the first time. Research limitations/implications This paper focusses solely on Europe but does not claim to be comprehensive, as the study was time-limited and readers will, no doubt, know of resources that the author has missed. The findings relate mostly to Western Europe, so there is scope for further study to encompass archives in the former eastern bloc. Exploration of sources in Africa, Asia and Latin America would further supplement Beard’s original study. Originality/value This research brings together the broadest list of advertising and marketing sources open to researchers in Europe published to date. As Beard’s focus was more on the Americas, this examination redresses the balance with an array of European sources which, it is hoped, will contribute to the greater use of many little-known or under-researched resources by researchers across the world.

Insurgency, Political Violence, and Democracy in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Nicolás M. Somma
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Francis Fukuyama ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Once upon a time, pluralist (Dahl 1961) and modernization theories (Lipset 1959) described liberal democracy as a political regime that tended to exclude violence, insurgency, and corruption. A few decades later, Francis Fukuyama (1992) argued that in the long run, liberal democracy would triumph over other political alternatives, and about the same time Samuel Huntington (1991) revealed a massive wave of democratization (or redemocratization) in different parts of the world.

6. The Global Wave of Democratization

2018 ◽  
pp. 82-100
Author(s):  
John Markoff ◽  
Daniel Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
First Century ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Eastern Half

This chapter focuses on the great wave of democracy that had touched every continent. In the early 1970s, Western Europe was home to several non-democratic countries, most of Latin America was under military or other forms of authoritarian rule, the eastern half of Europe was ruled by communist parties, much of Asia was undemocratic, and in Africa colonial rule was largely being succeeded by authoritarian regimes. By the early twenty-first century, things had changed considerably, albeit to different degrees in different places. The chapter looks at regions of the world that underwent significant change in democracy between 1972 and 2004, including Mediterranean Europe, Latin America, Soviet/Communist Bloc, Asia, and Africa. It considers what was distinctive about each region’s democratization and what they had in common. It concludes with an overview of challenges faced by democracy in the early twenty-first century.

A discussion of Paul M. Sniderman, Michael Bang Petersen, Rune Slothuus, and Rune Stubager's Paradoxes of Liberal Democracy: Islam, Western Europe, and the Danish Cartoon Crisis

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
Rebekah Tromble
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
The World ◽  
Cartoon Crisis

The 2005 Danish cartoon crisis has been the topic of much discussion among political science scholars. In September 2011 we ran a symposium on Jytte Klausen’s The Cartoons That Shook the World that centered on the tensions between multiculturalism, civility, and freedom of expression disclosed by the controversy. Paul M. Sniderman, Michael Bang Petersen, Rune Slothuus, and Rune Stubager’s Paradoxes of Liberal Democracy: Islam, Western Europe, and the Danish Cartoon Crisis (Princeton 2014) revisits the Danish crisis. Drawing on randomized experiments linked to broader survey research, the authors offer a nuanced account of Danish public opinion, and argue that the sensitivity of Danes to civil liberties concerns explains why the cartoon controversy did not result in an anti-Muslim backlash. The topic, the argument, and the methodology are important, and so we have invited a range of political science scholars to review the book. — Jeffrey C. Isaac

scholarly journals The Missionary Roots of Liberal Democracy

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT D. WOODBERRY
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Mass Education ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Protestant Missions ◽  
The Impact

This article demonstrates historically and statistically that conversionary Protestants (CPs) heavily influenced the rise and spread of stable democracy around the world. It argues that CPs were a crucial catalyst initiating the development and spread of religious liberty, mass education, mass printing, newspapers, voluntary organizations, and colonial reforms, thereby creating the conditions that made stable democracy more likely. Statistically, the historic prevalence of Protestant missionaries explains about half the variation in democracy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania and removes the impact of most variables that dominate current statistical research about democracy. The association between Protestant missions and democracy is consistent in different continents and subsamples, and it is robust to more than 50 controls and to instrumental variable analyses.

scholarly journals Anattempt to rebuild the world "in the American way"

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
A. D. Bogaturov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
National Power ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Trump’s foreign policy was controversial, resulting in division into its supporters and adversaries both at national and international levels. Donald Trump managed to be flexible in relations with the Legislative, ignoring the democratic majority in the House of Representatives. However, it was possible only before the Covid-19 pandemic. Donald Trump’s foreign policy prioritized American capital that determined US relations with the EU, Canada, and Latin America. As for relations with Russia, they were defined by the Ukrainian crisis. Disarmament is still a cornerstone in Russian American relations. The US has complicated relations with countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and the Persian Gulf despite all efforts. The UN’s reform and the Security Council, where the three great powers primarily make decisions, are still questioned. The US divides Europe into three parts; Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Russia with Belarus. These Europes have different views on US foreign policy. Republican administration aimed at the expansion of the national power and provision of global leadership. However, the implementation methods were questionable and led to some unpleasant consequences for the US allies. Some of them decided to wait, some prepared for the worst, some tried to adapt to Trump’s policy since it reflected the long-term changes of the US standing in the world regardless of the party or the president. As a result, such policy led to the defeat of the Republicans and brought Joe Biden to power.

5. The Global Wave of Democratization

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Markoff
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
First Century ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Eastern Half

This chapter focuses on the great wave of democracy that had touched every continent. In the early 1970s, Western Europe was home to several non-democratic countries, most of Latin America was under military or other forms of authoritarian rule, the eastern half of Europe was ruled by communist parties, much of Asia was undemocratic, and in Africa colonial rule was largely being succeeded by authoritarian regimes. By the early twenty-first century, things had changed considerably, albeit to different degrees in different places. The chapter looks at regions of the world that underwent significant change in democracy between 1972 and 2004, including Mediterranean Europe, Latin America, Soviet/Communist Bloc, Asia, and Africa. It considers what was distinctive about each region’s democratization and what they had in common. It concludes with an overview of challenges faced by democracy in the early twenty-first century.

Bioinformatics

2017 ◽  
pp. 18-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Niosi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Human Animal

Bioinformatics is the methodological tool required to use the massive genomics databases being created on human, animal, bacterial and vegetal organisms. This paper retraces the development of bioinformatics as a new discipline and its diffusion into Latin America. It argues that governments in the region do not pay enough attention at this fast-growing new area of the set of biotech technologies stemming from the convergence between information and communication technology and biotechnologies, and in consequence, the region is falling increasingly behind the world leader (the United States), Japan and Western Europe.

Bioinformatics

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Niosi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Human Animal

Bioinformatics is the methodological tool required to use the massive genomics databases being created on human, animal, bacterial and vegetal organisms. This paper retraces the development of bioinformatics as a new discipline and its diffusion into Latin America. It argues that governments in the region do not pay enough attention at this fast-growing new area of the set of biotech technologies stemming from the convergence between information and communication technology and biotechnologies, and in consequence, the region is falling increasingly behind the world leader (the United States), Japan and Western Europe.

scholarly journals Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEANDRO PRADOS DE LA ESCOSURA
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractIn this paper the economic performance of post-independence Latin America is assessed in comparative perspective. The release from the colonial fiscal burden was partly offset by higher costs of self-government, while the opening of independent Latin American countries to the international economy represented a handmaiden of growth. Regional disparities increased after independence, so generalisations about the region's long-run behaviour are not straightforward. However, on average, per capita income grew in Latin America, and although the region fell behind compared with the United States and Western Europe, it improved or maintained its position relative to the rest of the world. Thus the term ‘lost decades’ appears an unwarranted depiction of the period between 1820 and 1870.

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