scholarly journals Rubella in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Joanna Bogusz ◽  
Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
The World ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

INTRODUCTION. Rubella is the disease subject to the elimination programme coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Generally, rubella is an infection of mild course among children but in the case of pregnant women, who are not immunized, the probability of the occurrence of severe congenital abnormalities (congenital rubella syndrome) may amount to 95%. The strategy of the countries belonging to the WHO European Region is directed to the interruption of the rubella virus transmission in the environment in order to prevent the cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). OBJECTIVES. The aims of the present article are to analyze the epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland in 2017 and to discuss the rubella vaccination coverage. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland was analyzed on the basis of publications: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2017” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2017”. RESULTS. In 2017, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases - with registered 476 cases (in 2016 – 1 105 cases) - and a decline in incidence (from 2.9 per 100 000 to 1.2). The highest incidence rate, regardless of gender and the environment, was observed among children aged 0-4 years (11.8 per 100,000). In 2017, no cases of congenital rubella syndrome were registered. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. In 2017, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases. In Poland Rubella is reported exclusively on the basis of the clinical picture. The proportion of laboratory tests confirming/excluding rubella infection is still very low in Poland.

scholarly journals Rubella in Poland in 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
Joanna Bogusz ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz ◽  
Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
The World ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

INTRODUCTION. Rubella is the disease subject to the elimination programme coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Generally, rubella is an infection of mild course among children but in the case of pregnant women, who are not immunized, the probability of the occurrence of severe congenital abnormalities (congenital rubella syndrome) may amount to 95%. The strategy of the countries belonging to the WHO European Region is directed to the interruption of the rubella virus transmission in the environment in order to prevent the cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). OBJECTIVES. The aims of the present article are to analyze the epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland in 2018 and to discuss the rubella vaccination coverage. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland was analyzed on the basis of publications: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2018” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2018”. RESULTS. In 2018, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases - with registered 437 cases (in 2017 – 476 cases) - and a decline in incidence (from 1.2 per 100 000 to 1.1). The highest incidence rate, regardless of gender and the environment, was observed among children aged 0-4 years (9.8 per 100,000). In 2018, no cases of congenital rubella syndrome were registered. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. In 2018, there was a decrease in the number of rubella cases. In Poland Rubella is reported exclusively on the basis of the clinical picture. The proportion of laboratory tests confirming/excluding rubella infection is still very low in Poland.

scholarly journals Re-verifying the elimination of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Canada, 2016–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 476-478
Author(s):  
Myriam Saboui ◽  
Joanne Hiebert ◽  
Susan G Squires ◽  
Mireille Guay ◽  
Patricia Barcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Health Organization

Elimination, in the context of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), refers to the absence of endemic measles/rubella virus transmission in a region or other defined geographic area for at least 12 months, in the presence of a high-quality surveillance system that meets targets of key performance indicators. In 1994, Canada and other countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) region of the Americas committed to the objectives of measles elimination by 2000 and rubella and CRS by 2010. Canada met these targets: eliminating measles transmission in 1998; rubella transmission in 2005; and endemically-acquired CRS in 2000. The WHO region of Americas was declared free of endemic rubella/CRS in 2015 and endemic measles in 2016. At the request of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Canada’s elimination status of measles, rubella and CRS was verified in 2012 and again in 2017. Prior to submission to PAHO, the verification reports were reviewed, approved and endorsed by Canada’s National Certification Committee (NCC). The NCC is a group of experts who are not directly involved with the management of vaccine preventable diseases or immunization program implementation at the national level, but who have the expertise to assist in ensuring that Canada is meeting PAHO’S goals of elimination and eradication. Members are responsible for reviewing Canada’s current mechanisms of surveillance and progress towards elimination of targeted vaccine preventable diseases in Canada. Members have expertise in the fields of public health, infectious diseases and/or laboratory sciences.

scholarly journals Rubella infection in pregnancy and congenital rubella in United Kingdom, 2003 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoaneta Bukasa ◽  
Helen Campbell ◽  
Kevin Brown ◽  
Helen Bedford ◽  
Mary Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
In Pregnancy

Rubella vaccination has been included in the United Kingdom’s (UK) routine childhood schedule for nearly 30 years. The UK achieved World Health Organization (WHO) elimination status in 2016 and acute rubella infections are rare. In the period 2003–16, 31 rubella infections in pregnancy (0.23 per 100,000 pregnancies) were identified through routine surveillance, of which 26 were in women who were born abroad. Five of the 31 rubella infections led to congenital rubella syndrome in the infant and three had confirmed congenital rubella infection without congenital rubella syndrome. An additional seven babies were identified with congenital rubella syndrome, although rubella infection in pregnancy had not been reported. Place of birth was known for six of these seven mothers, all of whom were born outside the UK, and in five cases maternal infection was acquired abroad. WHO Europe has set targets for measles and rubella elimination and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome by 2015. Vaccination uptake and rubella immunity is high in the UK population and most infections in pregnancy since 2003 were acquired abroad and in unvaccinated women. Every contact with a health professional should be used to check that women are fully immunised according to UK schedule.

scholarly journals Status of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Surveillance, 2005–2009, the World Health Organization European Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 204 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S381-S388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Zimmerman ◽  
Mark Muscat ◽  
Dragan Jankovic ◽  
Ajay Goel ◽  
Henrik Bang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
The World ◽  
Syndrome Surveillance ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Epidemio-clinical aspects of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Todisoa N. Andriatahina ◽  
Lantonirina Ravaoarisoa ◽  
Andrianina H. Ranivoson ◽  
Vonintsoa L. Rahajamanana ◽  
Zina A. Randriananahirana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Congenital rubella syndrome is the first congenital defect preventable by vaccination. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the extent and epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar.Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study from January 2013 to May 2019 was conducted in 8 hospitals in 2 provinces of Madagascar, Antananarivo and Toliara. The study included children who attended the services selected during the study period and who had the following conditions: children aged of 0 to 59 months, regardless of vaccination status, meeting the World Health Organization clinical criteria for congenital rubella syndrome with or without biological confirmation.Results: Of the 152,304 cases of children of all ages who visited or were hospitalized during the study period, 112 clinically confirmed cases of congenital rubella syndrome were identified. The age group 0 to 11 months involved 60 children (53.6%). Congenital heart disease was found in 83.0% of cases, mental backwardness in 43.7% and microcephaly in 26.8%. Twenty-three among (20.5%) them died. The death was due to cardiac diseases in 16 children.Conclusions: Findings confirm that the diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is underestimated in current pediatric practice in Madagascar. The introduction of the rubella vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization and the implementation of an effective and sustainable surveillance system for congenital rubella syndrome in the country is a proved effective tool for the prevention of this disease.

Safe Use of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) to Deactivate SARS-CoV-2: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Waseem Ahmad Ansari ◽  
Tanveer Ahamad ◽  
Mohammad Saquib ◽  
Mohammad Faheem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Disinfectant ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Simplex Virus

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has now morphed into the most serious healthcare challenge that the world has faced in a century. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The number of cases and the death toll are rapidly increasing day by day because of its fast transmission from human to human through droplets, contaminated hands or body, and inanimate surfaces. Objective: SDS has been found to exhibit broad-spectrum and effective microbicidal and viral inactivation agents through the denaturation of both envelope and non-envelop proteins. Method: Viable SARS-COV-2 particles may also be found on contaminated sites such as steel surfaces, plastic surfaces, stainless steel, cardboard, and glass surfaces that can serve as a source of virus transmission. We reviewed the available literature about the SARS-CoV-2 persistence on inanimate surfaces as well as the decontamination strategies of corona and other viruses by using Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as well as other cleaning chemicals and disinfectants. Result: The efficacy of SDS has been amply demonstrated in several studies involving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). SDS has also been found as deactivator of SARSCoV-2. In toxic profile, up to 1% concentration of SDS is safe for humans and showed no toxic effect if ingested. Conclusion: Since no specific treatment is available as yet so containment and prevention continue to be important strategies against COVID-19. In this context, SDS can be an effective chemical disinfectant to slow and stop the further transmissions and spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity and exercise on well-being in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques de Abreu ◽  
Roberta Andrade de Souza ◽  
Livia Gomes Viana-Meireles ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez ◽  
Alberto Filgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isolation Period

AbstractBackgroundA disease discovered in China, COVID-19, was characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic in March 2020. Many countries in the world implemented social isolation as a strategy to contain the virus transmission. The same physical distancing which protects society from COVID-19 from spreading may have an impact on the mental health and well-being of the population This study aims to shed some light on this phenomenon by assessing the relationship between physical activity and SWB among individuals in the social isolation period of COVID-19.MethodsData were collected in Brazil between March 31st and April 2nd, 2020. All volunteers agreed to participate by digitally checking the option of agreement right after reading the Consent Terms. The inclusion criteria were participants over 18 years old who had been in social isolation for at least one week and agreed to the Consent Terms. Three instruments were used: a questionnaire was built for this study which aimed to assess the participants’ exercise routine. The second instrument called Psychosocial Aspects, Well-being and Exercise in Confinement (PAWEC) was also created by these researchers and aimed to assess the relationship between well-being and physical activity during the social isolation period. And the third measure was the Brazilian Portuguese-adapted version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).FindingsA total of 592 participants reported being in social isolation for an average of 14.4 (SD=3.3) days. The amount of participants who reported strength training as exercise increased from 31 (5.2%) before isolation to 82 (13.9%) during quarantine. The study shows that well-being related to the practice of physical activity during quarantine is linked to an established routine of physical activity prior to the social isolation period.InterpretationPeople who already practiced physical activity feel more motivated to continue practicing during this period and this causes the appearance of positive affects, unlike people who are only now starting to exercise; according to the study, negative aspects can occur for those who are only just starting. In a period of social isolation, it is important that the practice of physical activity is closer to previous habits, also finding that an obligation to exercise during this period when this was not a reality for the person can contribute to an increase in malaise.

scholarly journals Malaria-free Certification in China: Achievements and Lessons Learned from the National Malaria Elimination Programme

Zoonoses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Feng ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Gui Xia ◽  
Shui-Sen Zhou ◽  
Ning Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Health Organization

Malaria was once one of the most severe public health problems in China. However, after 70 years of integrated interventions, substantial progress has been made, and remarkable milestones have been met in malaria elimination in China. On June 30th, 2021, China was officially certified as a malaria-free country by the World Health Organization. This paper highlights the achievements of, and lessons learned from the malaria elimination programme.

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