scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Prevention Interventions in African American Heterosexuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Asare ◽  
Manoj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The purpose of this paper was to review the HIV/AIDS interventions conducted among heterosexual African Americans, and suggest ways of enhancing these interventions. Methods: In collecting the materials for this study, a search of CINAHL, ERIC, and MEDLINE databases were carried out for the time period of 2002 to July 2010. The inclusion criteria for the studies were (1) African American adults; (2) limited to heterosexual African American populations; (3) publication in refereed journals in the English language; (4) location of the study in the United States. Results: A total of twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, eight of which took place in a clinical setting. Nine of the interventions were based on behavioral theories and six of those interventions utilized social cognitive theory. The themes used were HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk reduction strategies, behavioral skills, condom use, selfefficacy, and communication about sex and goal setting. The review found that all the interventions were effective, though the effect sizes were generally small. Conclusions: The strengths of the interventions include the use of the following: appropriate sample sizes, post intervention follow-ups, and the use of randomized control trial design. Recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions in African American heterosexuals are presented.

African American Women and Weight Loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Mastin ◽  
Shelly Campo ◽  
Natoshia M. Askelson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
American Women

In the United States, almost 80% of African American women are either overweight or obese. In this study, 46 low-income African American women struggling with weight issues participated in structured interviews using a social cognitive theory framework. Participants shared their social cognitive theory related weight loss thoughts and their perceived weight loss obstacles. Results suggest that although participants’ primary weight-related obstacles were environment-based, for example, unsafe environments in which to engage in regular exercise, they more often offered individual-based solutions. The study concludes with a discussion of media advocacy as a tool that can be used to promote environmental solutions.

Utilizing Social Cognitive Theory to Enhance Physical Activity Among People With Spinal Cord Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jereme Wilroy ◽  
Lori Turner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States

In the United States, approximately 28 to 55 people per million have experienced spinal cord injuries. While exercise benefits are well documented, participation is low. The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of articles that use social cognitive theory to increase physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injuries. Self-efficacy was the primary predictor of physical activity in each study; self-regulation emerged as a direct influencing factor. SCT may be helpful in program planning for people with spinal cord injuries to increase activity, increasing mobility, independence, social integration and quality of life.

scholarly journals Yoga as an Alternative and Complementary Treatment for Patients With Low Back Pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Taj Haider
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
English Language ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Study Inclusion

Low back pain is not only a leading cause of disability in the United States but also one of the most expensive to treat. Exercise proves to be inconsistent, and surgery often leads to disease reappearance. Yoga offers a holistic approach to overcome the psychological and physical aspects of low back pain. A systematic review was performed to determine the efficacy of yoga for low back pain. Study inclusion criteria were studies ( a) published in the English language, ( b) published between January 2000 and June 2012, ( c) included any form of yoga as an intervention, ( d) used any quantitative study design, and (5) measured low back pain as an outcome. Of the 13 studies included, 9 demonstrated a reduction in low back pain using yoga as part of the intervention. Limitations include lack of theory-based approaches, unclear definitions of low back pain, and multiple instruments used to measure the outcome.

scholarly journals An Online Physical Activity Intervention for Youth With Physical Disabilities: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Sharma ◽  
Amy E. Latimer-Cheung ◽  
John Cairney ◽  
Kelly P. Arbour-Nicitopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Feedback Questionnaire

Background: Physical activity (PA) interventions are limited in number and reach for youth with physical disabilities (YPD) who experience systemic barriers that may preclude their in-person participation. Further, a lack of theory in the development and evaluation of PA interventions impedes our understanding and replication of active components of behavior change. These limitations pose challenges in the effective promotion of PA in YPD. Theory-based and more inclusive methods of PA intervention delivery must be explored in our efforts to promote PA and overall health in YPD.Methods: A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of an online, 4-week social cognitive theory-based PA intervention for YPD. Intervention feasibility (implementation fidelity, intervention compliance, and intervention acceptability) was evaluated through manual documentation, weekly feedback questionnaires, and open-ended feedback at 1-month post-intervention. Targeted social cognitive (outcome expectations, self-efficacy [task, self-regulatory, barrier] and self-regulation) and PA behavior outcomes were self-reported at baseline and 1-week and 1-month post-intervention.Results: Sixteen YPD (Mage = 17.4 ± 2.7 years, 69% female) completed the study. Intervention feasibility was supported by high implementation fidelity (100%), high intervention compliance (>90%), and positive ratings on indicators of acceptability for all weeks of the intervention (weekly feedback questionnaire means ranging from 5.74 to 6.19 out of 7). Through open-ended feedback, participants indicated the intervention was easy to use and understand, favorably shifted their self-awareness and personal meaning of PA, and provided value and potential for future use pertaining to the learned self-regulation skills and strategies. Participants also provided formatting and content recommendations for intervention improvement. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant and large effect sizes for changes in participants' task (p = 0.01, n2p = 0.28) and barrier (p = 0.02, n2p = 0.24) self-efficacy, goal-setting and planning and scheduling behaviors (ps < 0.001, n2ps = 0.42), and self-reported PA behavior (p = 0.02, n2p = 0.26).Conclusions: An online PA intervention for YPD is feasible and may offer potential benefit through the enhancement of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and PA behavior. Continued research is necessary to understand the efficacy and longer-term outcomes of online, theory-based interventions for YPD as a PA promotion strategy.

scholarly journals The Importance Of Self-Efficacy And Foreign Language Learning In The 21st Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Jabbarifar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Social

Two decades have now passed since Bandura (1986) introduced the concept of self-efficacy within the social cognitive theory of human behavior. He defined it as "people's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances (1986). Much empirical evidence now supports the idea that self-efficacy touches almost every aspect of people's lives including foreign language learning; However, it has apparently received the least attention compared to other cognitive and affective issues. The present article attempts to shed some light on importance of the concept of self-efficacy, the role it can play in foreign language learning and the pedagogical implications it may have for foreign language teachers and the students of English language in the end of the first decade of the twenty first century.

scholarly journals Assessing Academic Advising Outcomes Using Social Cognitive Theory: A Validity and Reliability Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Erlich ◽  
Darlene F. Russ-Eft
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Academic Planning ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning

The validity and reliability of three instruments, the Counselor Rubric for Gauging Student Understanding of Academic Planning, micro-analytic questions, and the Student Survey for Understanding Academic Planning, all based on social cognitive theory, were tested as means to assess self-efficacy and self-regulated learning in college academic planning. The rubric assessed pre- and post-intervention self-regulated learning of academic-planning strategy levels. The micro-analytic questions assessed self-regulated learning during forethought and self-reflection phases. Post-intervention self-efficacy in academic planning and retrospectively evaluated pre-intervention self-efficacy were measured by the survey. All three instruments showed strong validity and reliability, but the survey did not distinguish between different self-efficacy challenge levels.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks with HIV/AIDS in the United States: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine U Oramasionwu ◽  
Jonathan M Hunter ◽  
Carolyn M Brown ◽  
Gene D Morse ◽  
Kenneth A Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objectives: Blacks in the United States bear a disproportionate burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been demonstrated that HIV/AIDS itself and HIV/AIDS-related therapies may predispose patients to early onset of CVD. It is also possible that Black patients may be at greater risk for this interaction. Thus, the objective of this literature review was to identify and critically evaluate disparities in CVD between Black and White patients with HIV/AIDS. Design: A MEDLINE search (January 1, 1950 to May 31, 2010) was performed to identify original research articles published in the English language. The search was limited to articles that evaluated race-based disparities for CVD among patients with HIV/AIDS. Results: Of the five publications included in this review, a CVD diagnosis was the primary focus for only three of the studies and was a secondary objective for the remaining two studies. Two studies concluded that Blacks were more likely than Whites to have a CVD diagnosis at time of hospital admission, whereas, the other three studies did not detect any race-based disparities. Conclusions: Few studies have addressed the issue of Black race, HIV/AIDS, and CVD, highlighting the need for future research in this area.

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