A meta-analytic review of the relation between impulsivity-related traits and family history of alcoholism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angela Maria Haeny
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
History Of

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Extensive research provides evidence that people with a family history of alcoholism are at risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Similarly, people with impulsivity-related traits are at increased risk for developing alcohol problems. Importantly, research suggests that impulsivity mediates the relation between family history of alcoholism and the development of alcohol problems. However, impulsivity is a heterogenous construct and has been assessed with a myriad of measures. The present work is a quantitative synthesis of the literature on the relation between family history of alcoholism and impulsivity-related traits and that also examines various potential moderators of this association. Sixty-nine independent effect sizes from 65 studies (N = 11,127) qualified for the meta-analysis. The overall effect size was small-to-moderate (d = .32 [95% CI: 0.25, 0.39], k = 69), and was moderated by offspring age (Z = 3.73, p less than .001), with the effect size increasing with age. When examining specific facets of impulsivity, a small effect was found for harm avoidance (d = -.26 [95% CI: -.41, -.11], k = 10) and was moderated by family history density (Q (1) = 4.12, p = .04) such that the effect was much larger among those with more than one alcoholic family member (d = -.66 [95% CI: -1.10, -.22], k = 3). A small-to-moderate effect size was found for sensation seeking (d = .30 [95% CI: .21, .40], k = 29) and was moderated by age (Z = 3.09, p = .002), with the effect increasing with age. The effect sizes for all other facets of impulsivity were not significant. Notably, there were much fewer studies investigating other facets of impulsivity (e.g., reward dependence, lack of perseverance, lack of planning) compared to sensation seeking, limiting power to detect larger effect sizes. Findings from this review suggest the need for additional studies investigating the relation between specific facets of impulsivity (e.g., positive and negative urgency) and family history of alcoholism. In addition, this review suggests that, to some degree, we can identify phenotypic risk beyond mere family history status and, thus, inform the development of interventions for individuals with a family history of alcoholism, targeting the specific types of impulsivity manifested.

Is Pornography Consumption a Risk Factor for Condomless Sex?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 273-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Tokunaga ◽  
Paul J Wright ◽  
Laurens Vangeel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
Pornography Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pornography Use

Abstract This paper presents meta-analytic findings on the association between pornography consumption and condomless sex. Results were based on 45 reports spanning two decades. Data from 18 countries, with a participant total of over 35,000, were located. Higher levels of pornography consumption were associated with an elevated likelihood of engaging in condomless sex. A model-based meta-analysis did not support the viewpoint that the pornography use–condomless sex association is spurious and confounded by sensation seeking. Instead, a path analysis suggested that pornography use energizes consumers' sensation seeking desires, in turn making them more likely to engage in condomless sex. Although the results indicated homogeneity of effect sizes across most contexts tested, the type of pornography content consumed moderated the pornography use–condomless sex relationship. Viewing pornography that does not show condoms was associated with an increased risk for having sex without condoms, whereas consuming pornography showing condoms was unrelated to sexual risk.

Association of fatty pancreas with increased risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16729-e16729
Author(s):  
Bara El Kurdi ◽  
Adam Bataineh ◽  
Sumbal Babar ◽  
Mahmoud El Iskandarani ◽  
Mohammad Alomari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meta Regression

e16729 Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PADC) remains one of the most fatal malignancies with poor outcomes and prognosis. Several risk factors have been associated with its development such as smoking, age, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus and a family history of PADC. Furthermore, recent pathologic studies demonstrated that fatty infiltration of the pancreas (FP) is positively correlated with PADC development. We sought to systematically review the literature and perform the first meta-analysis to study the risk of PADC among patients with FP. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception through November-2019 for studies correlating FP with PADC. Relevant data was extracted and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. Random-effects model was used for all variables. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 measure and Cochrane Q-statistic. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Meta regression models accounting for independent variables such as age, sex, smoking, family history of PADC, chronic pancreatitis and method of FP diagnosis were constructed to explain heterogeneity. Results: Five observational case-control studies published between 2014 and 2019 including a total of 761 patients (320 PADC patients and 441 controls) were included. FP was associated with increased PADC with an OR 4.6 (CI 2.4-8.9) compared to controls with a considerable heterogeneity (I2= 69%). Meta regression analysis accounting for modality used to diagnose FP was able to explain 100% of the noted heterogeneity. Conclusions: While we noted FP to be significantly associated with increased PADC, heterogeneity in FP diagnostic approach resulted in significant inter-study variation. A consensus on a clear definition of FP with a standardized diagnostic approach is needed to better appraise literature on this emerging disease entity. Further prospective studies are needed to validate our results and explore the possible role for PADC screening in FP in addition to known factors such as family history and new-onset diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics Associated With Stuttering Persistence: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2995-3018
Author(s):  
Cara M. Singer ◽  
Alison Hessling ◽  
Ellen M. Kelly ◽  
Lisa Singer ◽  
Robin M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Purpose The purpose of this meta-analytic study was to identify clinical characteristics, defined as child factors that can be assessed by a speech-language pathologist as part of a routine speech-language evaluation that may differentiate children who persist in stuttering from children who eventually recover from stuttering. Clinical characteristics explored included sex, age at onset, family history of stuttering, stuttering frequency and severity, speech-language skills, and temperament. Method Studies were identified through electronic databases, journals, and reference lists of relevant reports (e.g., research articles). Eligible studies followed young children who stutter (i.e., under 6 years old) for at least 24 months, assessed a potential clinical marker at study entry, and determined talker group classification (i.e., persistent or recovered) at study completion. Sex and family history differences were estimated using risk ratios; all other differences were estimated using Hedges's g . Heterogeneity and methodological differences among studies were evaluated. Results Eleven studies (41 reports) met eligibility criteria. Persistent children were older at stuttering onset and exhibited higher frequencies of stuttering-like disfluencies, lower speech sound accuracy, and lower expressive and receptive language skills than recovered children. Males and children with a family history of stuttering were also more likely to persist. Conclusions Clinical characteristics were identified that are associated with increased risk for stuttering persistence. Future studies have the potential to translate these clinical characteristics into prognostic markers for stuttering persistence risk.

scholarly journals Does the Age of Sudden Cardiac Death in Family Members Matter in Brugada Syndrome?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattara Rattanawong ◽  
Jakrin Kewcharoen ◽  
Chanavuth Kanitsoraphan ◽  
Timothy Barry ◽  
Anusha Shanbhag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Brugada Syndrome ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Predictor

Background Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac channelopathy associated with major arrhythmic events (MAEs). The presence of a positive family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a risk predictor of MAE remains controversial. We aimed to examine the association between family history of SCD and MAEs stratified by age of SCD with a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods and Results We searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1992 to January 2020. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects model. Fitted metaregression was performed to evaluate the association between the age of SCD in families and the risk of MAE. Twenty‐two studies from 2004 to 2019 were included in this meta‐analysis involving 3386 patients with Brugada syndrome. The overall family history of SCD was not associated with increased risk of MAE in Brugada syndrome (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 0.82–1.51; P =0.489, I 2 =45.0%). However, a history of SCD in family members of age younger than 40 years of age did increase the risk of MAE by ≈2‐fold (pooled OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11–3.73; P =0.022, I 2 =0.0%). When stratified by the age of cut point at 50, 45, 40, and 35 years old, a history of SCD in younger family member was significantly associated with a higher risk of MAE (pooled OR, 0.49, 1.30, 1.51, and 2.97, respectively; P =0.046). Conclusions A history of SCD among family members of age younger than 40 years was associated with a higher risk of MAE.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Social Support Group Interventions for Psychosocial Outcomes: A Meta-analytic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arissa A. Brunelli ◽  
Gregory C. Murphy ◽  
James A. Athanasou
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Group Interventions ◽  
Analytic Review

This study investigated the effectiveness of support groups for people living with chronic ill-health conditions. Searches of the published literature were undertaken for the period 1993–2013. Papers were included if participants were between 18 and 65 years old, and study designs were either pre-test post-test one group descriptive, non-randomised group comparison, or randomised controlled trial, with reported data appropriate for meta-analysis and sufficient for estimating effect size(s). Total 19 studies were eligible in the meta-analysis, and 2,986 participants were examined. Six general outcome categories emerged from the data: (1) psychosocial functioning, (2) self-efficacy, (3) quality of life, (4) health status, (5) health behaviours and (6) health care use. In total, 155 effect sizes were calculated from the outcome measures with 15.5% resulting in a large effect size, 6% moderate effects, 39% small effects, and 39.5% producing trivial effects. The majority of the effect sizes (92%) were in the hypothesised direction. Overall, results demonstrate that self-help and support group interventions can positively influence management of chronic ill-health conditions and contribute to the desired outcome of successful adaptation.

Increased risk of adenomas in individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer: results of a meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2287-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke A. Wilschut ◽  
J. Dik F. Habbema ◽  
Scott D. Ramsey ◽  
Rob Boer ◽  
Caspar W. N. Looman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Family History of Diabetes Is Associated with Increased Risk of Recurrent DKA in Pediatric Patients in Rhode Island

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1378-P
Author(s):  
JANAKI D. VAKHARIA ◽  
SUNGEETA AGRAWAL ◽  
JANINE BACIC ◽  
LISA S. TOPOR
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Anhar Ullah ◽  
Jamal Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
History Of

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the Middle Eastern population. Several epidemiological studies have assessed CVD and its risk factors in terms of the primary prevention of CVD in the Middle East. Therefore, summarizing the information from these studies is essential. Aim: We conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of CVD and its major risk factors among Middle Eastern adults based on the literature published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar to identify literature published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. All the original articles that investigated the prevalence of CVD and reported at least one of the following factors were included: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of CVD. To summarize CVD prevalence, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 potentially relevant articles were included, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis (n=191,979). The overall prevalence of CVD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1-14.3%, p<0.001) in the Middle East. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (43.3%; 95% CI: 21.5-68%), hypertension (26.2%; 95% CI: 19.6-34%) and diabetes (16%; 95% CI: 9.9-24.8%), was observed. The prevalence rates of other risk factors, such as smoking (12.4%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.4%) and family history of CVD (18.7%; 95% CI: 15.4-22.5%), were also high. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD is high (10.1%) in the Middle East. The burden of dyslipidaemia (43.3%) in this region is twice as high as that of hypertension (26.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16%). Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed for the primary prevention of CVD in this region.

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