Meloidogyne hapla, the Northern Root-Knot Nematode, in Florida Strawberries and Associated Double-Cropped Vegetables

Northern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla) are rather uncommon nematode parasites of strawberries and vegetables in Florida, but when present they are capable of causing significant crop loss. Root-knot nematodes are largely unknown to strawberry growers in Florida and very little is known about their biology and behavior in the state. This 5-page fact sheet written by J. Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Entomology and Nematology is intended to educate and provide information on this nematode to researchers, Extension agents, growers, industry representatives, and other stakeholders in the strawberry and vegetable community. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1224

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Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.1.120 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 120-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin Schochow ◽

Steven A. Tjosvold ◽

Antoon T. Ploeg

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Flower Production ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

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First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0527b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 527-527

Author(s):

G. T. Church

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Bromophenol Blue ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

First Report ◽

Meloidogyne Spp

The state of Florida is the largest producer of fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the United States with 2003 yields of 634 million kg on 17,700 ha valued at 516 million dollars. Effective crop management is essential for production of vegetables in Florida because of the presence of intense pest pressure. The identification of the pests present is the first step in the development of a successful IPM (integrated pest management) program. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common nematodes that parasitize vegetables in Florida and cause significant yield reductions when not properly managed. In 2003 field experiments, soil was collected from two research farms in Saint Lucie and Seminole counties in Florida. Galling caused by root-knot nematode was observed on tomato at both locations. Since females suitable for identification are difficult to obtain from field-grown roots, field soil was placed in pots in the greenhouse and planted with Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers. Standard morphological techniques, differential host tests, and isozyme phenotypes were used in nematode identification. Female root-knot nematodes were extracted from tomato roots and placed in extraction buffer (10% wt/vol sucrose, 2% vol/vol Triton X-100, 0.01% wt/vol bromophenol blue). The females were crushed, loaded on a polyacrylamide gel, and separated by electrophoresis using the PhastSystem (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). The activities of malate dehydrogenase and esterase enzymes were detected using standard techniques. Isozyme phenotypes consistent with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood as well as with the newly described M. floridensis Handoo (1) were observed at both locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. floridensis naturally occurring on tomato in Florida. The identification and distribution of M. floridensis in vegetable production fields is important for disease management throughout the state since the host range is likely different from other Meloidogyne spp. Reference: (1) Z. A. Handoo et al. J. Nematol. 36:20, 2004.

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Nematode resistance: A useful tool for root-knot nematode (RKN) management in tomato.

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in1250-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (5) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Homan Regmi ◽

Johan Desaeger

Keyword(s):

Methyl Bromide ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Soil Pests ◽

Production Value ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

The Many

Tomatoes are a major commodity in Florida, with an estimated production value of $453 million. Among the many pests and diseases that affect tomatoes, nematodes are one of the major problems. Since the ban on methyl bromide, these ubiquitous soil pests have become much more difficult to manage. This 5-page fact sheet written by Homan Regmi and Johan Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department discusses the use of nematode-resistant tomato cultivars as a tool to help manage root-knot nematodes in Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1250

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EVALUATION OF FUMIGANTS AND NEMATICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES ON CARROT

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.606e ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 606e-606

Author(s):

S.A. Johnston ◽

P.R. Probasco ◽

J.R. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Yield ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Soil Fumigants ◽

Sodium Methyldithiocarbamate

A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of soil fumigants and oxamyl nematicide on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. A loamy sand carrot field of Danvers 126 carrots with a high population of root-knot nematodes was used for the test. Treatments included: 1, 3-dichloropropene, oxamyl, sodium methyldithiocarbamate, and the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and oxamyl or sodium methyldithiocarbamate and oxamyl. All treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Carrots were evaluated for plant stand, vigor, root length, galling, marketable yield, and total yield. Tremendous differences in plant vigor of young plants were observed among treatments. All of the fumigant treatments were significantly better than the other treatments and resulted in high plant stands and increased root length. Only the fumigated treatments, with or without foliar applications of oxamyl, resulted in significant marketable yield increases. Oxamyl foliar applications are beneficial in reducing root-knot nematode populations levels and damage when applied 6 weeks after initial treatment but not when they are initiated 10 weeks after initial treatment.

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WINTER SURVIVAL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps63-067 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 361-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. M. Sayre

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Host Plants ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Winter Survival ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes

In field experiments at Harrow, Ontario, the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949, successfully overwintered, although its populations were severely reduced. Two other species, M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949, were unable to overwinter in bare soil or under a cover crop of winter wheat or in the roots of the perennial host plants peach and asparagus.

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Identification of Two Meloidogyne hapla Genes and an Investigation of Their Roles in the Plant-Nematode Interaction

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-06-16-0107-r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 101-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Cynthia Gleason ◽

Frederik Polzin ◽

Samer S. Habash ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Jan Utermark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Protein Domain ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Life Stages ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Callose Deposition ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Susceptible Host

Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne pathogens that invade and establish feeding sites in plant roots. They have an extremely broad host range, including most vascular plants. During infection of a susceptible host, root-knot nematodes secrete molecules called effectors that help them establish an intimate interaction with the plant and, at the same time, allow them to evade or suppress plant immune responses. Despite the fact that Meloidogyne hapla is a significant pest on several food crops, no effectors have been characterized from this root-knot nematode species thus far. Using the published genome and proteome from M. hapla, we have identified and characterized two genes, MhTTL2 and Mh265. MhTTL2 encodes a predicted secreted protein containing a transthyretin-like protein domain. The expression of MhTTL2 was up-regulated during parasitic life stages of the nematode, and in situ hybridization showed that MhTTL2 was expressed in the amphids, suggesting it has a role in the nematode nervous system during parasitism. We also studied the gene Mh265. The Mh265 transcript was localized to the subventral esophageal glands. An upregulation in Mh265 expression coincided with the pre- and early-parasitic life stages of the nematode. When Mh265 was constitutively expressed in plants, it enhanced their susceptibility to nematodes. These transgenic plants were also compromised in flg22-induced callose deposition, suggesting the Mh265 is modulating plant basal immune responses.

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Effects of crop rotations on carrot yield and on the nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/008901ar ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joe Kimpinski ◽

Kevin Sanderson

Keyword(s):

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Rotation Crops

Abstract Carrot yield (Daucus carota) and population levels of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla were measured in five rotation crops and in subsequent carrot crops at three field sites (1998-1999, 1999-2000, and 2000-2001). Total and marketable carrot yields averaged over the three sites did not differ in the crop sequences but there was a difference among sites. The total yields at sites 1, 2, and 3 were 77.86, 68.12, and 30.33 tonnes ha-1, respectively. Marketable yields were 59.04, 60.62, and 24.11 tonnes ha-1 at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The lower yields were attributed primarily to less rainfall during July and August in 2001, and possibly to northern root-knot nematodes that were more prevalent at site 3. Mean levels of root-lesion nematodes in soil were highest (2690 nematodes kg-1) in carrot that followed timothy (Phleum pratense cv. Common), lowest (1100 nematodes kg-1) in carrots that followed marigold (Tagetes erecta cv. Crackerjack), and intermediate after barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Chapais), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum cv. Millet 101), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Lemtal). Root-lesion nematode populations were also lower in marigold than in the other crops. Northern root-knot nematodes were not detected in rotation crops. The study indicated that carrot yields did not differ irrespective of the previous crop, but root-lesion nematode populations in soil at harvest were highest in carrots that followed timothy and lowest in carrots that followed marigolds. Population levels of root-knot nematodes in carrots did not differ among the crop sequences.

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WINTER SURVIVAL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA AND M. HAPLA) UNDER SELECTED HOST CROPS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-027 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. W. JOHNSON ◽

J. W. POTTER

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Red Clover ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Severe Winter ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Woody Perennial ◽

Southern Root Knot Nematode

In field experiments at Harrow, Ontario, the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita overwintered successfully on woody perennial roots of peach in a moderate winter, but was unable to survive a subsequent severe winter on this host. At Vineland Station, Ontario, M. incognita did not overwinter below the frost line in a moderate winter under alfalfa, a poor perennial host, but did overwinter under red clover and tomato in a severe winter, although the population was severely reduced. By comparison, the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla survived well under all three hosts in both winters at depths from 0 to 90 cm.

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