scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FUMIGANTS AND NEMATICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES ON CARROT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 606e-606
Author(s):  
S.A. Johnston ◽  
P.R. Probasco ◽  
J.R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
Sodium Methyldithiocarbamate

A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of soil fumigants and oxamyl nematicide on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. A loamy sand carrot field of Danvers 126 carrots with a high population of root-knot nematodes was used for the test. Treatments included: 1, 3-dichloropropene, oxamyl, sodium methyldithiocarbamate, and the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and oxamyl or sodium methyldithiocarbamate and oxamyl. All treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Carrots were evaluated for plant stand, vigor, root length, galling, marketable yield, and total yield. Tremendous differences in plant vigor of young plants were observed among treatments. All of the fumigant treatments were significantly better than the other treatments and resulted in high plant stands and increased root length. Only the fumigated treatments, with or without foliar applications of oxamyl, resulted in significant marketable yield increases. Oxamyl foliar applications are beneficial in reducing root-knot nematode populations levels and damage when applied 6 weeks after initial treatment but not when they are initiated 10 weeks after initial treatment.

scholarly journals Meloidogyne hapla, the Northern Root-Knot Nematode, in Florida Strawberries and Associated Double-Cropped Vegetables

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Desaeger
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
And Behavior

Northern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla) are rather uncommon nematode parasites of strawberries and vegetables in Florida, but when present they are capable of causing significant crop loss. Root-knot nematodes are largely unknown to strawberry growers in Florida and very little is known about their biology and behavior in the state. This 5-page fact sheet written by J. Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Entomology and Nematology is intended to educate and provide information on this nematode to researchers, Extension agents, growers, industry representatives, and other stakeholders in the strawberry and vegetable community. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1224

scholarly journals Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schochow ◽  
Steven A. Tjosvold ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia Leaf Extracts in Management of Root-Knot Nematodes in French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Njenga ◽  
Geofrey K. Gathungu ◽  
Jesca N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Concentration Levels

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a major problem in French bean production within the smallholder farming systems. Control of root-knot using synthetic nematicides is not viable due to environmental concerns relating to their toxic residues. There is need to develop alternative control options that will promote soil health and reduce parasitic nematode densities. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea) leaf extracts in management of root-knot. Controlled lath house and field trials were conducted where the treatments were extracts from Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia at different concentration levels of 25 ml/L, 50 ml/L and 100 ml/L). Vydate (Oxamyl 10%) a synthetic nematicide served as a standard positive control while treatments with no extracts application and no nematode application served as negative controls. The treatments in the lath house were arranged in completely randomized design while the field trials were arranged in randomized complete block design. Fench beans were planted on nematode infested soils and data on root galling indices and yield components was collected. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance and significantly different means separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test at P=0.05. The extracts evaluated reduced root galling with their efficacy being similar to that of Vydate® (Oxamyl 10%) which was used as a positive control. Neem extracts treatments had the lowest mean galling index of the extracts, followed by Tithonia. Root-knot nematode galling indices were highest in the untreated control at 10 both in trial I and trial II. Treatment trials from Neem and Tithonia at concentration levels of 100 ml/L resulted in highest yield of French beans while yield from the untreated plants were the lowest. The results indicate extracts can be adopted to suppress root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Efficacy of different management practices against tomato fruit borer, helicoverpa armigera hubner

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
MM Kamal ◽  
S Das ◽  
MH Sabit ◽  
D Das
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Treated Plot

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different management practices to control tomato fruit borer (TFB) under field condition. The field experiment was carried out with eight treatments, namely Neem oil, Mahogany oil, Fish and Fermented Gur (brown sugar), Netting, Chlorpyriphos, Emamectin Benzoate and Cartap along with untreated control in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and each treatment was replicated thrice. The study was under taken during the period from 25 October, 2017 to 06 April 2018. Data were collected on number and weight of total fruits plot-1, number and weight of total healthy fruits plot-1, number and weight of total infested fruits plot-1, fruits infestation (%) in number and weight, infestation reduction over control for number and weight, number of holes, and larvae plot-1, total yield plot-1 and marketable yield plot-1. Among the different management practices, netting provided the highest infestation reduction over control. The percent fruit infestation reduction over control (number basis) was the highest in Netting treated plot resulting 61.87%, 73.27%, 84.68% and 92.70% at four different harvests, respectively. The percent fruit infestation reduction over control (weight basis) was the highest with the same treatment resulting 61.38%, 74.26%, 88.41% and 91.71% at four different harvests, respectively. The number of holes plot-1 was also the lowest in Netting treated plot resulting 5.00, 8.00, 15.33 and 8.67 at four different harvests, respectively. The number of larvae plot-1 was the lowest with the same treatment resulting 2.00, 2.33, 3.67 and 3.00 at four different harvests, respectively. The maximum marketable yield (33.95 t ha-1) was achieved in the Emamectin Benzoate treated plot with the highest (1.46) benefit cost ratio. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 339-353, June 2019

scholarly journals Rekomendasi Pemupukan Kalium pada Budi Daya Cabai Merah Besar (Capscicum annuum L) di Inceptisols Dramaga

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Amanda Sari Widyanti ◽  
Anas D. Susila
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
K Fertilization

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The  objective  of  this  study  was  to  determine  the  optimum  rate  of potassium  fertilization  in Inceptisols Dramaga. The experiment was conducted at Cikabayan University Farm from March to July 2014. This study was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design one factor with five K fertilization rates, ie 0X (0 kg K2O ha-1), ¼ X (193.09 kg K2O ha-1), ½ X (386.19 kg K2O ha-1), ¾ X (579.29 kg K2O ha-1),  and  1X  (772.39  kg  K2O  ha-1).  Potassium fertilizer  was applied  in  three applications  at  3,  6,  and  9  weeks  after transplanting. The  results  showed  that  K  fertilization increased plant height, leaf  number,  weight  per  plant,  fruit  weight,  fruit  diameter, fruit length, marketable yield per plot, unmarketable yield per plot, marketable yield per hectare, and  decrased unmarketable yield per hectare with linear response pattern. Addition of potassium did not affect the time of anthesis and fruit ripening. The addition of potassium fertilizer also increased total yield per plot and total yield per hectare with quadratic response pattern. In the medium K soil content with the value of 146.2 ppm (Morgan) K recommendation for red chili in inceptisols Dramaga  was 487.5 kg K2O ha-1.</p><p>Keywords: fertilizer, K2O, Morgan, optimum rate</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  memperoleh  dosis  optimum  pemupukan  kalium pada  Inceptisols Dramaga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di unit lapangan Cikabayan University Farm mulai Maret sampai Juli  2014.  Penelitian  ini  menggunakan Rancangan  Kelompok  Lengkap  Teracak  (RKLT)  1  faktor dengan lima perlakuan dosis pemupukan K, yaitu 0  X(0  kg K2O ha-1), ¼ X(193.09 kg K2O ha-1), ½ X(386.19  kg  K2O  ha-1),  ¾  X(579.29  kg  K2O  ha-1),  dan  1 X(772.39  kg  K2O  ha-1).  Pupuk  kalium diaplikasikan dalam tiga kali aplikasi pada 3, 6, dan 9 MST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan  K meningkatkan  tinggi  tanaman,  jumlah  daun,  bobot  tanaman-1,  bobot  per buah, diameter buah, panjang buah, bobot layak per petak, bobot tidak layak per petak, bobot layak per hektar, dan mengurangi bobot tidak layak pasar per hektar dengan pola respon linear. Sementara itu penambahan kalium tidak berpengaruh terhadap waktu antesis dan waktu masak buah. Penambahan pupuk kalium juga meningkatkan hasil bobot panen total per petak dan panen total per hektar dengan pola respon kuadratik. Pada tingkat kelas ketersediaan K  sedang dengan nilai terekstrak 146.2 ppm (Morgan) dihasilkan rekomendasi kalium untuk budi daya cabai merah besar di inceptisols Dramaga adalah 487.5 kg K2O ha-1.</p><p>Kata kunci: dosis optimum, K2O, Morgan, pupuk</p>

scholarly journals Performance of ‘Galia’ melon grown under different soil cation ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3089-3106
Author(s):  
Cristiane Alves de Paiva ◽  
◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
José Gustavo Lima de Almeida ◽  
Edna Maria Mendes Aroucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Basic Cations ◽  
Cation Ratios

The northeast region of Brazil stands out in the production and export of melon. In this region, where this crop is mostly grown, part of the soil is of limestone origin, as is the irrigation water used. Over successive cultivations, these conditions can lead to soil alkalinization due to the accumulation of basic cations of the exchange complex, such as Ca, Mg, K and Na, in soils that are already rich in bases, thus influencing nutrient availability and, consequently, crop yield. On this basis, this study was developed to identify the cation ratios (K:Mg:Ca) of the soil that best correlate with attributes indicative of ‘Gália’ melon production. Two experiments were carried out in two consecutive years (2017 and 2018), in a randomized-block design with five treatments and five replicates. Treatments consisted of the following cation ratios (K:Mg:Ca) for experiment I, whose soil had a K content of 0.40 cmolc dm-3: T1 (1:3:34), T2 (1:3:21), T3 (1:3:9), T4 (1:0.8:9) and T5 (1:11:34); and experiment II, where the soil had 0.56 cmolc dm-3 of K: T1 (1:1.6:29.8), T2 (1:1.4:13.3), T3 (1:1.4:8.5), T4 (1:0.5:8.5) and T5 (1:4.8:29.8). The following traits were evaluated: chemical analyses of the soil during the flowering phase and at the end of the cycle, nutrient concentration in the diagnostic leaf during the fruiting phase, total yield, marketable yield, average total weight, average marketable weight, total number of fruits and number of marketable fruits per plant. The cation ratios influenced the average total and marketable fruit weights only in experiment I, but not yield. Therefore, when associated with irrigation water from the Açu sandstone aquifer and fertigation, the high absolute K and medium to high Mg contents are sufficient to meet the K and Mg nutrient requirements, dispensing with correction of the cation ratio.

scholarly journals Genotype × Environment effects on morphological and productive components of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Sindi Elen Senff ◽  
Viviane de Fátima Milcheski ◽  
Ana Caroline Basniak Konkol ◽  
Ana Carolina da Costa Lara Fioreze
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL.) is a crop with high market demands because of its well-known health benefits. Limited use of improved clones reduces the crop’s income potential. Plant breeding programs seek to selectgenotypes with good results in a variety of environments by evaluating the interaction effects of genotypes and environments. This study aimed to assess Clone × Growing season effects on morphological and productive parameters of sweet potato clones grown in the municipality of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The following clones were evaluated: Brazlândia Rosada, BRS Amélia, Beauregard, BrazlândiaRoxa, and BRS Rubissol. A randomized block design with three replications was used to investigate root length, root diameter, mean root weight, total root number, number of marketable roots, total yield, and marketable yield. Data were subjected to one-way and two-way analysis of variance. Beauregard afforded the largest number of marketable roots and was stable in both growing seasons. Beauregard, Brazlândia Roxa, and Brazlândia Rosada differed in total number of roots between growing seasons. There were no significant differences between growing seasons in mean root weight; BRS Amélia afforded a higher mean root weight than Brazlândia Rosada. Beauregard did not differ in total or marketable yield between growing seasons and provided higher yields than the other clones. BRS Rubissol and Beauregard were found to be the most promising for sweet potato cultivation under the environmental conditions of Curitibanos.

WINTER SURVIVAL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sayre
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

In field experiments at Harrow, Ontario, the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949, successfully overwintered, although its populations were severely reduced. Two other species, M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949, were unable to overwinter in bare soil or under a cover crop of winter wheat or in the roots of the perennial host plants peach and asparagus.

scholarly journals SUSCEPTIBILITY AND TOLERANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA) OF TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS UNDER ORGANIC CONVERSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Jonathan Atungwu ◽  
O. O. Olabinjo ◽  
C. O. Eche ◽  
I. Tijjani
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Celosia Argentea

Three cultivars of Telfairia occidentalis were assessed for their resistance or otherwise to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infection on the field. Seeds were extracted from the pods of the selected cultivars and planted on moist sawdust in nursery trays to raise seedlings for transplanting. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated thrice. Pre-plant soil samples were taken to estimate initial nematode populations. At seven days after transplanting, eggs of Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) were extracted from 60 day-old Celosia argentea and used for inoculation of the three cultivars of T. occidentalis at approximately 5000 eggs/stand. Plants were, thereafter, observed for vine length, vine girth and number of leaves from two weeks till 8 weeks after transplanting. Final soil nematode population and root gall indices were determined at 60-66 days after inoculation. Reproduction factor was determined and used along with the gall indices to rate the cultivars for resistance or susceptibility to Mi. Results showed that cultivars NHTo-020 and NHTo-030 were susceptible to root-knot nematode which implied that plants allowed nematode reproduction and also suffered yield loss while cultivar NHTo-010 was tolerant to nematode infestation meaning that nematode reproduction took place but the plant does not suffer yield loss. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the mean vine length and number of leaf irrespective of the inoculum while effect on the vine girth was significantly variable. The inoculated plants gave significantly better vegetative growth than the naturally infested plants which indicated genetic variability in the cultivars.

scholarly journals Using Crop Rotation to Control Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Improve Marketable Carrot Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélair ◽  
L.E. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The influence of various crop rotations on population densities of Meloidogyne hapla, the northern root-knot nematode, and subsequent carrot yields was studied in organic soil under field conditions. Seven 3-year sequences with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), or weedy fallow, all with carrot as the third-year crop, were replicated six times in a completely randomized block design. Carrot monoculture, two seasons of weedy fallow, or carrot followed by onion resulted in high M. hapla population densities and severe root damage on carrot the third year. Barley followed by onion or onion followed by barley harbored low M. hapla population densities and provided the highest yields, with 56.8 and 47.2 t marketable carrots/ha, respectively, compared to 2.2 t·ha–1 in the carrot monoculture. A single crop of barley reduced nematode population densities and provided 88% and 73% marketable carrot roots in the subsequent years. High M. hapla population densities and the high proportion of culls recorded in plots in weed fallow emphasize the importance of an effective weed management program for successfully using crop rotation against root-knot nematode in muck-grown carrot.

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