scholarly journals Integrated Management of Non-Native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Kenneth Langeland ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Brent A. Sellers ◽  
Gregory Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Management Issues

While natural areas are conservation lands that have been set aside for the purpose of preserving (or restoring) native plant and animal communities, they do require active management. One of the greatest management issues in natural areas is invasive plants. This 35-page publication provides land managers in Florida with current methods used to manage non-native plants. Written by Stephen F. Enloe, Ken Langeland, Jason Ferrell, Brent Sellers, and Greg MacDonald, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised July 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wg209

Interactions between invasive plants and heavy metal stresses: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Zhanrui Leng ◽  
Yueming Wu ◽  
Yizhou Du ◽  
Zhicong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities, including invasive species. Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species. Thus, the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants, invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors. Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that a) the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous, b) the size of the impact was variable, and c) the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type. However, invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals (HMs) and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs. On the other hand, HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMS together with the “escape behavior” of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution. However, there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions. A quantitative research comparing plant, litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.

scholarly journals Tests of Hexazinone and Tebuthiuron for Control of Exotic Plants in Kauai, Hawaii

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Awaya ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Motooka ◽  
Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Metrosideros Polymorpha ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Native Plant Species

Non-native plant species have become serious pests in Hawaii’s delicate island ecosystems. It is necessary to control invasive plants. The herbicides hexazinone and tebuthiuron were evaluated for defoliation efficacy to control several major invasive plants and for non-target effects on native plants at Site I in a rainforest at 1200 m elevation and Site II in a mesic area at 640 m elevation on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. The invasive weed species in the sites included daisy fleabane (Erigeron karvinskianus DC.), faya tree (Myrica faya Ait.), strawberry guava (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine), banana passion fruit (Passiflora mollissima Bailey), vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei Steud.), and highbush blackberry (Rubus argutus Link. 1822). Native plants included ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaudich.), naupaka (Scaevola cerasifolia Labill.), pilo (Hedyotis mannii), hona (Urera glabra (Hook. & Arn.)), aalii (Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.), and amau (Sadleria sp.). The results showed that broadcast applications of hexazinone granules and tebuthiuron pellets were effective on some of those invasive species. Herbicidal tolerance varied among the native species. For example, D. viscosa showed high tolerance to hexazinone. S. cerasifolia was susceptible to hexazinone, but not to tebuthiuron. The inconsistent defoliation of Sadleria sp. occurred among different applications rates of the two herbicides. M. polymorpha, particularly when it was small, could tolerate hexazinone and tebuthiuron. U. glabra was severely injured by the two herbicides. H. mannii was moderately tolerant to hexazinone, but fairly sensitive to tebuthiuron. The invasive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was highly tolerant to hexazinone, but was very sensitive to tebuthiuron. M. faya was very sensitive to hexazinone, but very tolerant to tebuthiuron. P. cattleyanum was sensitive to both herbicides. Six and nine months after hexazinone and tebuthiuron treatment, respectively, native plants were transplanted into the Sites to observe injury from residual herbicides. Approximately less than 10% mortality was observed for the out-planted native species three months after planting (MAP), indicating that the native species showed less injury in the early period of transplant. The mortality of the three endangered species Kauai hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphis distans), Kauai delissea (Delissea rhytidosperma H.Mann) and kawawaenohu (Alsinidendron lynchnoides), however, increased as the MAP increased. Overall, broadcast treatments of hexazinone and tebuthiuron at rates higher than 1 kg active ingredient per hectare would be problematic. The dissipation half-life values of hexazinone and tebuthiuron in the 1-15 cm layer of soils at the two sites were approximately 7 days and greater than 180 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Allelopathy is pervasive in invasive plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kalisz ◽  
Stephanie N. Kivlin ◽  
Lalasia Bialic-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Abstract Invasive species utilize a wide array of trait strategies to establish in novel ecosystems. Among these traits is the capacity to produce allelopathic compounds that can directly inhibit neighboring native plants or indirectly suppress native plants via disruption of beneficial belowground microbial mutualisms, or altered soil resources. Despite the well-known prevalence of allelopathy among plant taxa, the pervasiveness of allelopathy among invasive plants is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the majority of the 524 invasive plant species in our database produce allelochemicals with the potential to negatively affect native plant performance. Moreover, allelopathy is widespread across the plant phylogeny, suggesting that allelopathy could have a large impact on native species across the globe. Allelopathic impacts of invasive species are often thought to be present in only a few plant clades (e.g., Brassicaceae). Yet our analysis shows that allelopathy is present in 72% of the 113 plant families surveyed, suggesting that this ubiquitous mechanism of invasion deserves more attention as invasion rates increase across the globe.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Native and Invasive Plants: Evidence from Experimental Auctions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyan Yue ◽  
Terry Hurley ◽  
Neil O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Experimental Auction ◽  
Experimental Auctions ◽  
Market Segments

All stakeholders along the supply chain affect the dispersal of native and invasive horticultural plants. This is especially true for the consumers who determine how the plants are ultimately used. Therefore, consumer attitudes toward native and invasive plants cannot be ignored. This study used an experimental auction to explore market segmentation among consumers in terms of their preference and willingness to pay for labeled native and invasive attributes. We identified three market segments, namely, “nativists” (16%), “invasive averse” (34%), and “typical” (50%) consumers. The three segments of consumers differed in their demographics and attitudes toward native and invasive attributes. From a government policy perspective, labeling invasive or native plants could potentially change the behavior of some consumers, but half of the market is unlikely to be substantially swayed by invasive/native labeling. Therefore, supply-side intervention policies such as sales restrictions may be more effective at promoting native plant purchases and restricting the purchase and spread of invasive plants.

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability and resistance to plant invasions A native community perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Inés Ibáñez ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Laís Petri ◽  
Sam Schaffer-Morrison ◽  
Sheila Schueller
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Resistance To Invasion

Abstract Risk assessments of biological invasions rarely account for native species performance and community features, but this assessment could provide additional insights for management aimed at decreasing vulnerability or increasing resistance of a plant community to invasions. To gather information on the drivers of native plant communities’ vulnerability and resistance to invasion, we conducted a literature search and meta-analysis. From the data collected we compared native and invasive plant performance between sites with high and low levels of invasion. We then investigated under which conditions native performance increased, decreased, or did not change with respect to invasive plants. We analyzed data from 214 publications summing to 506 observations. There were six main drivers of vulnerability to invasion: disturbance, decrease in resources, increase in resources, lack of biotic resistance, lack of natural enemies, and differences in propagule availability between native and invasive species. The two mechanisms of vulnerability to invasion associated with a strong decline in native plant performance were propagule availability and lack of biotic resistance. Native plants marginally benefited from enemy release and from decreases in resources, while invasive plants strongly benefited from both increased resources and lack of enemies. Fluctuation of resources, decreases and increases, were strongly associated with higher invasive performance while native plants varied in their response. These differences were particularly strong in instances of decreasing water or nutrients, and of increasing light and nutrients. We found overall neutral to positive responses of native plant communities to disturbance; but natives were outperformed by invasive species when disturbance was caused by human activities. We identified ecosystem features associated with both vulnerability and resistance to invasion, then used our results to inform management aimed at protecting the native community.

scholarly journals Urbanization increases floral fidelity of pollinators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevan Suni ◽  
Erin Hall ◽  
Evangelina Bahu
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urban Sites

Understanding how urbanization alters functional interactions among pollinators and plants is critically important given increasing anthropogenic land use and declines in pollinator populations. Pollinators often exhibit short-term specialization, and visit plants of the same species during one foraging trip. This facilitates plant receipt of conspecific pollen – pollen on a pollinator that is the same species as the plant on which the pollinator was foraging. Conspecific pollen receipt facilitates plant reproductive success and is thus important to plant and pollinator persistence. We investigated how urbanization affects short term specialization of insect pollinators by examining pollen loads on insects’ bodies and identifying the number and species of pollen grains on insects caught in urban habitat fragments and natural areas. We then assessed possible drivers of differences between urban and natural areas, including frequency dependence in foraging, species richness and diversity of the plant and pollinator communities, floral abundance, and the presence of invasive plant species. Pollinators were more specialized in urban fragments than in natural areas, despite no differences in the species richness of plant communities across site types. These differences were likely driven by higher specialization of common pollinators, which were more abundant in urban sites. Pollinators were also more specialized when foraging on invasive plants across sites, and floral abundance of invasive plants was higher in urban sites. Our findings reveal strong effects of urbanization on pollinator fidelity to individual plant species and have implications for the maintenance of plant species diversity in small habitat fragments. The higher fidelity of pollinators to invasive plants suggests that native species may receive fewer visits by pollinators. Therefore, native plant species diversity may decline in urban sites without continued augmentation of urban flora or removal of invasive species.

scholarly journals Increase in nutrient availability promotes success of invasive plants through increasing growth and decreasing anti-herbivory defenses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Shan ◽  
Ayub M.O. Oduor ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Yanjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Simulated Herbivory ◽  
Native Plant Species

Invasive plant species often exhibit greater growth and lower anti-herbivory defense than native plant species. However, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may interact with competition from resident native plants to affect growth and defense of invasive plants. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew five congeneric pairs of invasive and native plant species under two levels of nutrient availability (low vs. high) that were fully crossed with simulated herbivory (clipping vs. no-clipping) and competition (alone vs. competition). Invasive plants produced more gibberellic acid, and grew larger than native species. Nutrient enrichment caused a greater increase in total biomass of invasive plants than of native plants, especially in the absence of competition or without simulated herbivory treatment. Nutrient enrichment decreased leaf flavonoid contents of invasive plants under both simulated herbivory conditions, but increased flavonoid of native plants under simulated herbivory condition. Nutrient enrichment only decreased tannins production of invasive species under competition. For native species, it enhanced their tannins production under competition, but decreased the chemicals when growing alone. The results indicate that the higher biomass production and lower flavonoids production in response to nutrient addition may lead to competitive advantage of invasive species than native species.

scholarly journals Carnivore distributions across chaparral habitats exposed to wildfire and rural housing in southern California

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Schuette ◽  
J. E. Diffendorfer ◽  
D. H. Deutschman ◽  
S. Tremor ◽  
W. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Coastal Sage Scrub ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Gray Fox ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
Animal Communities

Chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in southern California support biologically diverse plant and animal communities. However, native plant and animal species within these shrubland systems are increasingly exposed to human-caused wildfires and an expansion of the human–wildland interface. Few data exist to evaluate the effects of fire and anthropogenic pressures on plant and animal communities found in these environments. This is particularly true for carnivore communities. To address this knowledge gap, we collected detection–non-detection data with motion-sensor cameras and track plots to measure carnivore occupancy patterns following a large, human-caused wildfire (1134km2) in eastern San Diego County, California, USA, in 2003. Our focal species set included coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), bobcat (Lynx rufus) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). We evaluated the influence on species occupancies of the burned environment (burn edge, burn interior and unburned areas), proximity of rural homes, distance to riparian area and elevation. Gray fox occupancies were the highest overall, followed by striped skunk, coyote and bobcat. The three species considered as habitat and foraging generalists (gray fox, coyote, striped skunk) were common in all conditions. Occupancy patterns were consistent through time for all species except coyote, whose occupancies increased through time. In addition, environmental and anthropogenic variables had weak effects on all four species, and these responses were species-specific. Our results helped to describe a carnivore community exposed to frequent fire and rural human residences, and provide baseline data to inform fire management policy and wildlife management strategies in similar fire-prone ecosystems.

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