scholarly journals Literature and History: Study of Nigerian Indigenous Historical Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lere Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Party Politics ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The assumption that history posits itself as a fact, while literature is to be taken as an artistic form, only for entertainment (i.e., the difference between truth and falsehood, reality and illusion) has long been debated by formalists and soclologlsts of literature. In Yoruba society, literature and history are im­portant in explaining the fullness of life and the world around us. It is against this background that this paper examines the relationship between literature and history and how Yoruba novelists use their works as vehicles for the repre­sentation of history. We adopt the theory of New Historicism to analyze T.A.A. Ladele's lgbi Aye n yi and Olu Owolabi's Ote Nibo. Some of the findings reveal that: both Yoruba literature and history are closely related, they are both based on Yoruba experience and Yoruba existence either in the past or present; while Ladele Interprets the history of the dignity and royal glamour of the Yoruba oba in the precolonial era as a form of domination which is often achieved through culturally-orchestrated consent rather than force; Owolabi represents the hlstory of party politics in Yoruba society as fraudulent, deceltful, full of bitterness and violence. The paper concludes that both novelists are subjective in their representation of Yoruba history, but they successfully establfsh the fact that the novel is a repository of history; however, such history is not a mere chronlcle of facts and events, but rather a complex description of human reality and a challenge to the preconceived notions of the societies from which they emerged.

Camus's Absurd and the World of Melville's Confidence-Man

PMLA ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Leon F. Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Confidence Man ◽  
Ugly Duckling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In recent years, The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, a difficult work and for long an unjustly neglected one, has begun to command increasingly greater critical attention and esteem. As more than one contemporary writer has noted, the verdict of the late Richard Chase in 1949, that the novel represents Melville's “second best achievement,” has served to prompt many to undertake a second reading (or at least a first) of the book. Before this time, the novel had traditionally been the one Melville readers have shied away from—as overly discursive, too rambling altogether, on the one hand, or as an unfortunate outgrowth of the author's morbidity on the other. Elizabeth Foster, in the admirably comprehensive introduction to her valuable edition of The Confidence-Man (1954), systematically traces the history of the book's reputation and observes that even with the Melville renaissance of the twenties, the work stands as the last piece of the author's fiction to be redeemed. Only lately, she comments, has it ceased to be regarded as “the ugly duckling” of Melville's creations. But recognition does not imply agreement, and it should not be thought that in the past fifteen years critics have reached any sort of unanimity on the novel's content. Since Mr. Chase's study, which approached the puzzling work as a satire on the American spirit—or, more specifically, as an attack on the liberalism of the day—and which speculated upon the novel's controlling folk and mythic figures, other critics, by now ready to assume that the book repaid careful analysis, have read the work in a variety of ways. It has been treated, among other things, as a religious allegory, as a philosophic satire on optimism, and as a Shandian comedy. One critic has conveniently summarized the prevailing situation by remarking that “the literary, philosophical, and cultural materials in this book are fused in so enigmatic a fashion that its interpreters have differed as to what the book is really about.”

Irving, John

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Champion
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Novel ◽  
John Irving ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Popular Novel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Back

A major American writer, John Irving has published many novels, several of which have been adapted for film. His most popular novel is The World According to Garp, which has become both a popular and a cult classic. He is often compared to Charles Dickens, an author he admires. His novels are often political and take liberal views, confronting issues such as abortion rights, LGBT rights, and antiwar sentiments. His characters are not shy about sex and often begin sexual encounters at a young age. Major themes and subjects in his novels include the search for the father, the search for identity, looking back at one’s life, searching for one’s personal history, the difference between memory and truth, and unconventional lifestyles. The settings of his novels vary, and sometimes his characters travel both nationally and internationally. Many of his novels have been adapted for film, and he wrote screenplays for some of them. Irving became a household name in 1978, with the publication of The World According to Garp. Irving is well known for his dark sense of humor and sometimes absurd situations in which he places his characters. Many of his protagonists are older men who look back on their childhoods or adolescents who develop into men over the course of the novel. The relationship between memory and fact is often blurred as one’s memory of events trumps the actual events. Most of Irving’s protagonists are males who do not come from traditional families.

Dogs

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between humans and dogs has garnered considerable attention within archaeological research around the world. Investigations into the lived experiences of domestic dogs have proven to be an intellectually productive avenue for better understanding humanity in the past. This book examines the human-canine connection by moving beyond asking when, why, or how the dog was domesticated. While these questions are fundamental, beyond them lies a rich and textured history of humans maintaining a bond with another species through cooperation and companionship over thousands of years. Diverse techniques and theoretical approaches are used by authors in this volume to investigate the many ways dogs were conceptualized by their human counterparts in terms of both their value and social standing within a variety of human cultures across space and time. In this way, this book contributes a better understanding of the human-canine bond while also participating in broader anthropological discussions about how human interactions with domesticated animals shape their practices and worldviews.

Frank Calvert, Henry Austen Layard and Heinrich Schliemann

2001 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout Arentzen
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
High Time ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Within the past few years not a little has been written about the relationship between Heinrich Schliemann and Frank Calvert (see, for example, Traill, Calder 1986; Traill 1995; Robinson 1994; 1995; Allen 1999). The central thesis of these studies is that Schliemann mistreated Calvert in every possible way, not only financially, but also intellectually. For instance, ‘Schliemann's egotism and false claims have robbed Calvert of his proper place in the history of archaeology’ (Traill 1984).Such statements give the impression that Calvert was a better scholar than Schliemann and that there is still a good deal in his work, as there is in that of Schliemann, which can help us. From the above interpretation by Traill one could almost believe that it is a distinct loss that Calvert has become nothing but a footnote in the works of Schliemann and that it is high time for a revaluation. Robinson is the most ardent exponent of this attempted revision. She is of the view that the world was duped by Schliemann, and that everything would have been done much better by Calvert. If truth be spoken, Schliemann has robbed us of the knowledge that Calvert would have given.

scholarly journals The Royal Descent and the Past Glory of the Demak Sultanate as the Builders of Coastal Javanese Resistance in the Novel Penangsang (Tembang Rindu Dendam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 04022
Author(s):  
Sukarjo Waluyo ◽  
Redyanto Noor ◽  
Ratna Asmarani
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Past History ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Father's Rights ◽  
The Relationship

Arya Penangsang was a Duke of Jipang who ruled in the mid-16th century. He is the grandson of Sultan Patah, the founder of the Sultanate of Demak. The Babad Tanah Djawi tells the story of Arya Penangsang killing Pangeran Mukmin to take back his father's rights. Pajang's attack succeeded in killing Arya Penangsang. The bad image of Arya Penangsang was built by the Sultanate of Pajang. Meanwhile, the Mataram Sultanate, Surakarta Palace, and Yogyakarta Palace continued for hegemony. Meanwhile, for the coastal community of Java, Arya Penangsang is a respected figure. The object of research is the novel Penangsang (Tembang Rindu Dendam) which was published in 2010. The purpose of this study is to explain the problem of resistance, namely disobedience in the context of the relationship between power and domination [1]. This study uses library and ethnographic methods by utilizing this new historicism (NH) approach which links literary texts with non-literature. The results of this study indicate three important messages. First, people interpret their social environment in terms of their past history. Second, Arya Penangsang is a prince who became a local hero. Third, past history is a builder of cultural ties.

scholarly journals Commingling of History and Fiction in Julian Barnes’s A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hassan Abootalebi
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Julian Barnes ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper intends to explore the relationship between history and fiction in the novel AHistory of the World in 10 1⁄2 Chapters (1989) by the British writer Julian Barnes in order to indicate how these two notions have been commingled in different periods. In this regard, the focus of the current study is to investigate the above-mentioned novel, and to demonstrate the invalidity of historical records, their subjectivity, and how throughout history myths have become realities, with an eye on New Historicism. By the end of this study, its reader’s attitude towards history and what s/he is presented with as fact and truth is hoped to change, not to readily accept historical records and stories as absolute truths, rather to consider them one possible history among many others that might have been marginalized and suppressed by a dominant ideology.

scholarly journals Ranahar: Textuality of History, Culture and Politics

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Dr. Keshav Raj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Central Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The question of the relation between the history and the literature is a central question of historicism and new historicism. Literature is not possible without the influence of the time; past or present. The depiction of the past is the picture of history in the text, and the portrayal of present becomes the history in the future, hence the literary text is not free from the history in any way. Furthermore, some tests intentionally present the history, not as exactly as the history, but as the interpretation of the history, hence the mode of new historical way of understanding the text. Yogesh Raj's Ranahar provides the lost history of Malla dynasty, primarily the history of the last Malla king, Ranajit. The book is not a pure imagination, neither is it a pure history, but it has the combination of the historical facts and his imagination. Reading this novel, as a fiction, just as pure imagination is an injustice to the veiled part of its history. With the background of the history of Bhaktapur, this article examines the novel Ranahar from historical and new historical perspective on how literature has become a medium to reveal the lost history, the textuality of history.

scholarly journals Specificity of Palamite theology, its origins and later reception

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-441
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Biryukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Modern Natural Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A conversation with Dmitry Biryukov, Doctor of Philosophy, a researcher of the work of the late Byzantine theologian Gregory Palamas (1296–1359), is devoted to a discussion of the peculiarities of the doctrine of this authoritative church teacher, as well as the reception of his legacy in the 19th–20th centuries after centuries of oblivion. In the course of the conversation, the basic metaphysical scheme of Palamite theology is indicated — the distinction between essence and energies in God; on the one hand, the continuity of this scheme in relation to the theology of the Cappadocian Fathers is traced, and, on the other hand, its novelty is revealed; the origins and parallels of this distinction are discussed, in particular its connection with Christology, as well as the influence of Evagrianism on Palamas; the types of divine energies in the Palamite doctrine are indicated and the question of the difference in theological languages in which the idea of deification (theosis) as a union of man with God is expressed. Particular attention is paid to the concept of “energy” and its various connotations, including those associated with its modern natural science understanding. The philosophical dimension of the theology of Palamas, including in connection with the intellectual culture of his time, is discussed, as well as the relationship of hesychasm as a monastic practice and Palamism as a theological and philosophical doctrine. The concluding part of the conversation, dedicated to the reception of Palamism after centuries of oblivion, traces the history of the study, interpretation and actualization of the teachings of Gregory Palamas over the past two centuries — from Slavophiles to Soviet and contemporary researchers. Particular attention is paid to the so-called neo-Palamism in its various versions — both religious-philosophical and theological.

scholarly journals Memristive Perceptron for Combinational Logic Classification

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidan Wang ◽  
Meitao Duan ◽  
Shukai Duan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Synaptic Weight ◽  
Past History ◽  
Input Current ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Combinational Logic ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The resistance of the memristor depends upon the past history of the input current or voltage; so it can function as synapse in neural networks. In this paper, a novel perceptron combined with the memristor is proposed to implement the combinational logic classification. The relationship between the memristive conductance change and the synapse weight update is deduced, and the memristive perceptron model and its synaptic weight update rule are explored. The feasibility of the novel memristive perceptron for implementing the combinational logic classification (NAND, NOR, XOR, and NXOR) is confirmed by MATLAB simulation.

scholarly journals Uwagi etymologiczne w dawnych tekstach użytkowych (na przykładzie Kroniki, to jest historyi świata Marcina Bielskiego, Informacyi matematycznej Wojciecha Bystrzonowskiego i Nowych Aten Benedykta Chmielowskiego)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Dorota Kozaryn ◽  
Agnieszka Szczaus
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of the analysis in the article are the etymological explanations presented in the old non-literary texts (i.e. the texts that function primarily outside literature, serving various practical purposes), i.e. in the sixteenth-century Kronika, to jest historyja świata (Chronicle, that is the history of the entire world) by Marcin Bielski and in two eighteenth-century encyclopaedic texts: Informacyja matematyczna (Mathematical information) by Wojciech Bystrzonowski and Nowe Ateny (New Athens) by Benedykt Chmielowski. The review of the etymological comments allows us to take notice of their considerable substantive and formal diversity. These comments apply to both native and foreign vocabulary. On the one hand, they provide information on the origin of proper names (toponyms and anthroponyms), and on the other hand, a whole range of these etymological comments concern common names. A depth of etymological comments presented in non-literary texts is significantly diversified and independent of the nature of the vocabulary to which these comments apply – they can be merely tips on sources of borrowings of foreign words, but they can also constitute a deeper analysis of the meaning and structure of individual words, both native and foreign. These comments are usually implementations of folk etymology. The role of etymological considerations in former non-literary texts is significant. First of all, these texts have a ludic function, typical of popularised texts – they are supposed to surprise, intrigue and entertain readers. Secondly, they serve a cognitive function typical of non-literary texts – they are supposed to expand the readers’ knowledge about the world and language. Thirdly, they have a persuasive function, which is a distinctive feature of both popularised and non-literary texts – they are supposed to provoke the readers’ thoughts on the relationship between non-linguistic reality and the linguistic way of its interpretation, they also stimulate linguistic interests, which was particularly important in the past when the reflection on the native language was poor.

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