Dogs

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between humans and dogs has garnered considerable attention within archaeological research around the world. Investigations into the lived experiences of domestic dogs have proven to be an intellectually productive avenue for better understanding humanity in the past. This book examines the human-canine connection by moving beyond asking when, why, or how the dog was domesticated. While these questions are fundamental, beyond them lies a rich and textured history of humans maintaining a bond with another species through cooperation and companionship over thousands of years. Diverse techniques and theoretical approaches are used by authors in this volume to investigate the many ways dogs were conceptualized by their human counterparts in terms of both their value and social standing within a variety of human cultures across space and time. In this way, this book contributes a better understanding of the human-canine bond while also participating in broader anthropological discussions about how human interactions with domesticated animals shape their practices and worldviews.

Legal Uses of Anthropology in France in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Audren ◽  
Laetitia Guerlain
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter sheds light on the long-standing history of the relationship between law and the human and social sciences in nineteenth- and twentieth-century France. This story has often been reduced to its most recent and academic development, that is, legal anthropology. However, focusing on this strictly contemporary, academic definition of anthropology risks overlooking the many and varied ways of thinking that, over the past two centuries and more, have shaped the relationship between law and the study of humanity. The authors suggest that such an approach obscures the depth and the variety of forms that this relationship took over time. This chapter documents the various ways that legal scholars in France—over the course of two centuries marked by the rise of codification and legal positivism—drew upon history, philology, ethnology, physical anthropology, and sociology, all in the pursuit of a more profound understanding of homo juridicus.

Frank Calvert, Henry Austen Layard and Heinrich Schliemann

2001 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout Arentzen
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
High Time ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Within the past few years not a little has been written about the relationship between Heinrich Schliemann and Frank Calvert (see, for example, Traill, Calder 1986; Traill 1995; Robinson 1994; 1995; Allen 1999). The central thesis of these studies is that Schliemann mistreated Calvert in every possible way, not only financially, but also intellectually. For instance, ‘Schliemann's egotism and false claims have robbed Calvert of his proper place in the history of archaeology’ (Traill 1984).Such statements give the impression that Calvert was a better scholar than Schliemann and that there is still a good deal in his work, as there is in that of Schliemann, which can help us. From the above interpretation by Traill one could almost believe that it is a distinct loss that Calvert has become nothing but a footnote in the works of Schliemann and that it is high time for a revaluation. Robinson is the most ardent exponent of this attempted revision. She is of the view that the world was duped by Schliemann, and that everything would have been done much better by Calvert. If truth be spoken, Schliemann has robbed us of the knowledge that Calvert would have given.

scholarly journals Ochrona zabytków archeologicznych w prawie japońskim

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Paula Chmielowska
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Law ◽  
Tea Ceremony

Protection of archaeological sites in Japanese law In popular perception Japan is often associated with cherry blossoms, the samurai, the geishas, rice fields and delicious ramen soup. However, each of these elements is relatively new. The country’s culture is rich and ancient, and the Japanese are very aware of their heritage and are eager to protect it. The Japanese government encourages universal public participation in supporting and appreciating artistic activities. The most important cultural goods are considered national treasures, which are particularly valuable to the world and to the Japanese nation. These can be works of art such as paintings, sculptures or architectural masterpieces, as well as other forms of artistic expression such as suiseki – art of artistic display of stones, chadō – tea ceremony, ikebana – flower arrangement, and even the artists themselves. The purpose of this article is to outline the Japanese heritage law with respect to protection of archaeological sites; the long history of the island nation means the Japanese archaeologists have plenty of sites to work on. Since 1945, archaeological research has become an important way of constructing the Japanese national identity. While the key goal of archeology in Japan is still about building national identity in relation to the past, there is a noticeable diversity in research goals and methodology used by the current generation of practicing archaeologists.

scholarly journals Closing remarks

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S278) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
Johanna Broda
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
The Many

AbstractThe purpose of this invited commentary is to present some general closing remarks on the global content of the ‘Oxford IX’ International Symposium on Archaeoastronomy, taking into account how we evaluate the course archaeoastronomy has taken over the past few years. It is significant that the interdisciplinary field of archaeoastronomy has already, by common consent, changed its name into ‘astronomy in culture’ (or ‘cultural astronomy’). This happened several years ago, although it is still the case that the cultural aspect (cosmovision, or vision of the world) is not always taken sufficiently into account. The keynote presentations by Ruggles, Iwaniszewski and McCluskey addressed fundamental issues of method and theoretical concepts that should guide archaeoastronomical studies. The rest of the sessions as well as the posters were dedicated to case studies from different cultural regions of the world. This commentary synthesizes several common themes that were addressed in the many interesting papers from all over the world that were presented in the meeting. Finally I take up the proposition of Gary Urton that future efforts should be concentrated on the study of the production and maintenance of systems of knowledge in complex state societies as well as in more egalitarian rural communities. In my opinion it is an urgent task to begin discourse about the history of pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas, a discipline of which the history of science and astronomy forms a fundamental part. The ‘Oxford’ International Conferences are a key forum for exchange and encounter regarding comparative studies with other ancient civilizations as well as indigenous traditions from all over the world.

scholarly journals Literature and History: Study of Nigerian Indigenous Historical Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lere Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Party Politics ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The assumption that history posits itself as a fact, while literature is to be taken as an artistic form, only for entertainment (i.e., the difference between truth and falsehood, reality and illusion) has long been debated by formalists and soclologlsts of literature. In Yoruba society, literature and history are im­portant in explaining the fullness of life and the world around us. It is against this background that this paper examines the relationship between literature and history and how Yoruba novelists use their works as vehicles for the repre­sentation of history. We adopt the theory of New Historicism to analyze T.A.A. Ladele's lgbi Aye n yi and Olu Owolabi's Ote Nibo. Some of the findings reveal that: both Yoruba literature and history are closely related, they are both based on Yoruba experience and Yoruba existence either in the past or present; while Ladele Interprets the history of the dignity and royal glamour of the Yoruba oba in the precolonial era as a form of domination which is often achieved through culturally-orchestrated consent rather than force; Owolabi represents the hlstory of party politics in Yoruba society as fraudulent, deceltful, full of bitterness and violence. The paper concludes that both novelists are subjective in their representation of Yoruba history, but they successfully establfsh the fact that the novel is a repository of history; however, such history is not a mere chronlcle of facts and events, but rather a complex description of human reality and a challenge to the preconceived notions of the societies from which they emerged.

Writing Europe into the History of the British Empire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rüger
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
European History ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

How should we think of the relationship between Europe and the British empire? Much of the public debate in the recent past has suggested a clear-cut answer: the empire prevented Britain from being drawn ‘into Europe’; it was thanks to its imperial possessions that the United Kingdom could afford not to play a more active European role. Empire and Europe, in short, presented opposite poles in Britain’s engagement with the world. The essay challenges this widely held assumption. It investigates the many ways in which European and imperial experiences were bound up with each other in British life. By doing so, it explores strategies for writing the British empire into European history and European history into the imperial British past.

Law and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Europe: The Case of Catalonia in Comparative Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Major Break ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

By the close of the nineteenth century, most continental Europeans tacitly accepted, if they thought about it at all, the notion that a civil code governed multiple personal and familial relationships in their daily lives. Like so many legislative structures, intellectual suppositions, and cultural artifacts, what was once regarded as a novel or even a major break with the past came to be understood as one of the many requisites of modernity. Contemporary historians have adopted a similarly indifferent posture, their curiosity only piqued when encountering specific provisions entangled with other political issues. In a strikingly dissimilar approach to that adopted toward penal law, they have been disinclined to explore the relationship between civil legal endeavor and political culture or the history of ideas. Only with respect to Germany have scholars considered these topics worthy of in-depth analysis; in so doing, they have demonstrated that understanding juridical culture is fundamental to appreciating the textures and peculiarities of the liberal nation state.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL LEGACY OF V. G. TABACHKOVSKYI: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL RECONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Vitalii Turenko ◽  
Vasyl Semykras
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of this article is consists in the complex researche of the many-sidedness of the philosophical legacy of the famous Ukrainian philosopher of the second half of the XXth century, one of the founders of philosophical anthropology in Ukraine – Vitalii Tabachkovskyi (1944–2006). The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is historical and philosophical reconstruction. A number of concepts and conclusions were applied, which take place in the context of the scientific works of Ukrianian authors on this issue. The author reveals the transformation of Vitalii Tabachkovsky's scientific research during the Soviet period and revealed the specificity and its significance of legacy in the context of Ukrainian philosophical thought of the second half of the twentieth century. Revealed that at the intersection of the 60s and 70s. The twentieth century in the center of attention of V. Tabachkovsky was the problem of the relationship between personal and impersonal, as a result of which her thorough research was the first that critically interpreted the key philosophical and anthropological problems of French personalizm. It was revealed that, on the basis of the then official philosophy, the practice phenomenon occupied a significant place, which became a key subject of research for Vitalii Tabachkovsky in the 1970s and until the mid-1980s. The peculiarity of his explication was that the practice was not only epistemological content (in the spirit of the ideology of Marxism-Leninism), but also related to the inner world of man. It was found that in the era of Perestroika and with the proclamation of independence of Ukraine, the scientific interests of V. Tabachkovsky focused on understanding the human perception of the world, alienation, as well as essential and existential in human nature. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility and necessity of using its results in the context of complex and systematic studies of the history of Ukrainian philosophy in the Soviet period.

scholarly journals Uwagi etymologiczne w dawnych tekstach użytkowych (na przykładzie Kroniki, to jest historyi świata Marcina Bielskiego, Informacyi matematycznej Wojciecha Bystrzonowskiego i Nowych Aten Benedykta Chmielowskiego)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Dorota Kozaryn ◽  
Agnieszka Szczaus
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of the analysis in the article are the etymological explanations presented in the old non-literary texts (i.e. the texts that function primarily outside literature, serving various practical purposes), i.e. in the sixteenth-century Kronika, to jest historyja świata (Chronicle, that is the history of the entire world) by Marcin Bielski and in two eighteenth-century encyclopaedic texts: Informacyja matematyczna (Mathematical information) by Wojciech Bystrzonowski and Nowe Ateny (New Athens) by Benedykt Chmielowski. The review of the etymological comments allows us to take notice of their considerable substantive and formal diversity. These comments apply to both native and foreign vocabulary. On the one hand, they provide information on the origin of proper names (toponyms and anthroponyms), and on the other hand, a whole range of these etymological comments concern common names. A depth of etymological comments presented in non-literary texts is significantly diversified and independent of the nature of the vocabulary to which these comments apply – they can be merely tips on sources of borrowings of foreign words, but they can also constitute a deeper analysis of the meaning and structure of individual words, both native and foreign. These comments are usually implementations of folk etymology. The role of etymological considerations in former non-literary texts is significant. First of all, these texts have a ludic function, typical of popularised texts – they are supposed to surprise, intrigue and entertain readers. Secondly, they serve a cognitive function typical of non-literary texts – they are supposed to expand the readers’ knowledge about the world and language. Thirdly, they have a persuasive function, which is a distinctive feature of both popularised and non-literary texts – they are supposed to provoke the readers’ thoughts on the relationship between non-linguistic reality and the linguistic way of its interpretation, they also stimulate linguistic interests, which was particularly important in the past when the reflection on the native language was poor.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

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