THE IMPACT OF OIL PRICES ON STOCKS MARKETS: NEW EVIDENCE DURING AND AFTER THE ARAB SPRING IN GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL ECONOMIES

The author presents a brief study of the Arab solidarity. Furthermore, From the point of view of the author the Arab cooperation is one of the most controversial topics in the Arab world, whereas this idea extends to the first history of the Arab countries, we can also mention the creation of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and then the Maghreb Union of Arab Countries. In this article, the topic of Arab solidarity will be presented, through the views of many thinkers, and based on many analytical researches of Arab public opinion, the view of Arab solidarity and analysis of many ideas put forward for this project. There are new positive ideas possibly can be implemented to achieve the Arab solidarity, which is still a very important project for a wide sector of Arabs, this analytical study will present the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council states as example of positive implementation of Arab solidarity. This article includes the results of Arab public opinion and shed the light on the Arab spring which affected many international and local events. The author asks if Arab solidarity will a real case in the future. This study will investigate these issues and provide the readers with a modern perspective on this topic, furthermore this research approaches this subject from three different areas of discussion: the realism approach, the functionalism approach, and the idealism approach.

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The meta-geography of the Middle East and North Africa in Turkey’s new geopolitical imagination

Security Dialogue ◽

10.1177/0967010613499783 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (5-6) ◽

pp. 431-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aylin Güney ◽

Nazif Mandacı

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

North Africa ◽

Arab Spring ◽

Critical Geopolitics ◽

Syrian Crisis ◽

Security Practices ◽

Before And After ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

The Impact ◽

Geopolitical Imaginations

This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) before and after the developments of the Arab Spring. A critical geopolitics approach and critical security theories in international relations provide the theoretical framework, as security discourses are considered to be a product of geopolitical imaginations and codes that, in turn, shape the making of foreign and security policies. First, the article examines the invention of BMENA as a meta-geography within Turkey’s new geopolitical imagination, as well as the new geopolitical codes underlying the new security discourses. Then, the article assesses the impact of the Arab Spring, which led to major changes in Turkey’s newly established geopolitical codes, formulated in the pre-Arab Spring period, and analyses the ruptures and continuities in Turkey’s security discourses in the light of those developments. Finally, the article concludes that the Arab Spring, especially the Syrian crisis, shifted the focus of Turkey’s foreign policy in BMENA from cooperation to conflict. This has led to a resecuritization of Turkey’s geopolitical codes, discourses and security practices in the region, revealing the limitation of Turkey’s current geopolitical imagination.

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Berber Factor in North Africa: Common Features and Local Peculiarities

Journal of International Analytics ◽

10.46272/2587-8476-2017-0-1-42-51 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

Yu. Zinin

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Arab Spring ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Common Features ◽

Political Processes ◽

The North ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

The Impact

The article considers a place and influence of Berber-speaking communities in each of five countries of the North Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Mauritania and Tunis.After gaining the independence, demands are growing in all these states to recognize cultural, regional, and sometimes political peculiarities of Berbers.The situation in every country is different due to local conditions and background of interactions of Amazigs (self-designation of Berber) with the Arab speaking majority, as well as their participation in political processes.The author investigates and discuss the impact of the Arab Spring on the rise of self-consciousness, solidarity and consolidation of Amazig minority. It is Berber, often European educated elite which usually expresses and propagates such conceptions and trends.

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From the Gulf Cooperation Council to the Arab Spring

Bahrain from the Twentieth Century to the Arab Spring ◽

10.1057/9781137031792.0009 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Arab Spring ◽

Gulf Cooperation Council ◽

The Arab Spring

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Long before the Arab Spring

Women Rising ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479846641.003.0018 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 149-160

Keyword(s):

Collective Identity ◽

Women Activists ◽

Arab Spring ◽

Arab World ◽

Arab Women ◽

Women's Groups ◽

Women’S Groups ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

The Impact ◽

Political Marginalization

The Arab Women Solidarity Association United (AWSA United) emerged as an outlet for Arab women in the diaspora to express solidarity and support for women in the Arab world. It pioneered transnational Arab women’s groups that connected Arab women in all six continents. In this chapter, Rita Stephan explores the impact of AWSA United on Arab women activists who, between 1999 and 2011, used cyberfeminism to share their ideological and political marginalization, and how AWSA United helped them foster their collective identity, strengthen their connectivity, and increase their activism.

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The Arab Spring and the International Defense Market

Business and Politics ◽

10.1017/bap.2020.11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Jeroen Klomp

Keyword(s):

Political Violence ◽

Abnormal Return ◽

Arab Spring ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Dynamic Panel Model ◽

Panel Model ◽

Stock Market Return ◽

The One ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the political violence during the Arab Spring on the stock market return of international defense firms. The direction of this impact is not directly straightforward as the civil unrests influence the expectations of investors in two opposite ways. On the one hand, investors might expect that when the peaceful demonstrations were turned into violent events, the Arab governments involved will start acquiring more military-strategic goods to repress the protests or send a strong signal of power to ensure their stay in office. However, on the other hand, when the popular protests escalated, investors, perhaps, became more concerned about the possible imposition of international military sanctions against the Arab Spring countries to restore peace and protect human rights. The main empirical findings of a dynamic panel model clearly confirm this pattern and point out that when the Arab Spring originated, the abnormal return of international defense stocks starts to rise immediately. However, in the course of time, the concerns of the introduction of arms embargoes become stronger and eventually start to dominate, causing the abnormal return to fall again, while the idiosyncratic risk began to fall due to enhanced diversification. It turns out that firm-specific factors can explain a substantial part of the effect found. For instance, the reaction of investors to the Arab Spring is significantly larger for firms that produce predominantly military goods.

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Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Qatar and dispute mediations: a critical investigation

Contemporary Arab Affairs ◽

10.1080/17550912.2015.1078073 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 535-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammed Nuruzzaman

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Arab Spring ◽

Gulf Cooperation Council ◽

Institutional Structure ◽

Security Threats ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Gulf Region ◽

Arab League ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

Critical Investigation

This paper investigates the role played by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in mediating disputes since its creation in 1981 to 2011, the year of the outbreak of the ‘Arab Spring’. It analyzes the contributions of the GCC as a conflict mediator by cross-checking this sub-regional group's institutional structure and policy approach, and presents two major findings. Firstly, the GCC was hardly designed as a conflict mediator, given that the Gulf Arab states created it as a vehicle to respond to intra-Gulf and external security threats and challenges. Secondly, in order to promote its foreign policy independence and boost its regional and global diplomatic profile to ensure its security and survival in the dangerous environment of the Gulf region, it is Qatar that has extensively attempted to mediate conflicts in Lebanon, Yemen and Sudan, with varying degrees of success, under the banners of the GCC and the Arab League. Finally, the paper presents a series of policy recommendations, based on critical insights from Qatari mediation experiences, to enable the GCC to be a proactive dispute mediator.

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The impact of Jordanian anti-money laundering laws on banks

Journal of Money Laundering Control ◽

10.1108/jmlc-07-2014-0023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 70-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ahmad Mohammad Abdalla Abu Olaim ◽

Aspalella A. Rahman

Keyword(s):

Money Laundering ◽

Arab Spring ◽

Banking Industry ◽

Primary Source ◽

Crime Rates ◽

Content Type ◽

Terrorist Financing ◽

The Law ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the Jordanian anti-money laundering law and its instructions on the Jordanian banking industry. The anti-money laundering law in Jordan is newly enacted, but there are new developments not covered by the law. For instance, the revolutionary wave known as the Arab Spring surrounding Jordan has increased the crime rates in Jordan, and it has also reduced international coordination and cooperation to encounter money laundering operations. The emergence of new means for money transfer is affecting the efficiency and speed of bank transfers. Subsequently, the impact of the law on Jordanian banks is unknown. Design/methodology/approach – This paper relies on the Jordanian Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorist Financing Law 2007 as a primary source of information. The relevant Jordanian anti-money laundering instructions that have directly been affecting banks include the Jordanian Anti Money Laundering and Counter Terrorist Financing Instructions Number (51) 2010. These instructions were considered the most important legislation for the purpose of this paper. Findings – While the Jordanian anti-money laundering law is based on certain principles, the effectiveness of the law is unknown. The Arab Spring, particularly the Syrian revolution, has negatively increased the crime rates and money laundering activities in Jordan. To make matters worse, the international cooperation and coordination between countries in combating money laundering are not at the required level, and this has encouraged money laundering groups to exploit the situation. Only time will tell whether the banks will be able to cope sufficiently with the increased anti-money laundering obligations. Obviously, it is critical at this stage to establish effective coordination between legislators, regulators and the banking industry to minimize problems encountered by the banks, thereby to ensure effective implementation of the law. Originality/value – This paper provides an examination of the impact of the Jordanian anti-money laundering law that has directly affected banks. It is hoped that this paper would provide some insight into this particular area for academics, practitioners, the legal advisers, banks and policy-makers not only in Jordan but also elsewhere. In view of the international nature of money laundering and banking, there will be significant interest in how the anti-money laundering law affects banks operation in Jordan.

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Between Hamas and the PA: An Interview with Islamic Jihad’s Khalid al-Batsh

Journal of Palestine Studies ◽

10.1525/jps.2013.42.2.61 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Mouin Rabbani

Keyword(s):

Arab Spring ◽

Palestinian Authority ◽

Palestine Liberation Organization ◽

Senior Official ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

The Impact

Khalid al-Batsh, a senior official of Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Gaza chair of the “Freedom Committee,” established under the Fatah-Hamas reconciliation agreement of May 2011, was interviewed in Cairo by Mouin Rabbani on 11 July 2012. The interview from which the following excerpts were taken covered a range of issues, including the impact of the “Arab Spring” on the Palestinians, the situations in Egypt and Syria, Islamic Jihad’s relations with Fatah and Hamas, and prospects for reform of the Palestinian Authority and the Palestine Liberation Organization. The excerpts below directly concern Islamic Jihad and Palestine. The complete interview in Arabic was published by JPS’s sister journal, Majallat al-Dirasat al-Filastiniyya, no. 93 (Winter 2013), pp. 122–37.

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