scholarly journals Flame retardation performances of non-halogen flame retardant applied to composite PVC-wood flour

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Linh Thi Thuy Pham ◽  
Hien Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Quy Thi Dong Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Flame Retardation ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Vertical Test

In order to improve the fire performance of composite materials, halogen-free flame retardant (diamonium hydrogen phosphate- DAP) was studied in an attempt to obtain UL-94 ratings for composite PVC-wood flour (PVC-WF). The fire behaviors and thermal stability properties were evaluated using UL- 94 vertical test, LOI test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The UL- 94 test results show that V-0 rating is achieved at 1.5 wt% of DAP loading. The incorporation of halogene-free flame retardant (FR) increases the flame retardant properties as well as the amounts of charred residues protecting the mixture from further degradation. This assertion can be accepted when observing that the char residual of PVC-WF/DAP mixture at 600 oC is much higher than that of neat PVC-WF. The char layer may limit the amount of fuel available and insulate the underlying composite material from the flame and, thus, inhibit further degradation. This FR is a promising candidate that could replace the halogenbased flame retardant.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic polyurethane flame retardant using phosphorus/phosphorus-nitrogen compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Thuy Linh ◽  
Hoang Thi Dong Quy
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Vertical Test

In order to improve fire performance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material, halogen-free flame retardants (triphenylphosphate- TPP and diamonium hydrogen phosphate-DAP) were studied in an attempt to obtain UL-94V ratings. The fire behaviors and thermal stability properties were evaluated using UL-94 vertical test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The UL- 94V results showed that V-0 ratings were achieved at 5 wt% of DAP or 7.5 wt% loading of TPP. The incorporation of these flame retardant (FR) increases the flame retardant properties as well as the amounts of charred residues protecting the mixture from further degradation. This assertion could be accepted when observing that the char residual of TPU/DAP mixture at 500–600oC was much higher than that of neat TPU. The char layer limited the amount of fuel available and insulate the underlying composite material from the flame and, thus, make further degradation more difficult. The mechanism of flame retardants was also discussed in this study.

Mechanical and Flame Retardant Properties of Phenolic Foam Modified with Polyethyleneglycol as Toughening Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Yong Li Yang ◽  
Zhi Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Toughening Agent ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) was used as a as a toughening agent and mixed with the phenolic resin to prepare the foam. The effects of polyethyleneglycol on mechanical and flame retardant properties of phenolic foam were studied by compressive strength, tensile strength, heat stability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UL-94 and limited oxygen index (LOI). The apparent density and SEM results showed that the addition of PEG can decrease the apparent density of phenolic foam. The compressive, impact test results showed that the incorporation of PEG into PF dramatically improved the compressive strength, impact strength, indicating the excellent toughening effect of PEG. The LOI of PEG modified phenolic foams remained a high value and the UL-94 results showed all samples can pass V-0 rating, indicating the modified foams still had good flame retardance. The thermal properties of the foams were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis.

scholarly journals Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3656
Author(s):  
Hangfeng Yang ◽  
Hangbo Yue ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Minzimo Song ◽  
Jianwei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Sem Morphology ◽  
Limited Oxygen

A novel halogen-free flame retardant containing sulfonamide, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (phenyl-4-sulfonamide) adamantane (FRSN) was synthesized and used for improving the flame retardancy of largely used polycarbonate (PC). The flame-retardant properties of the composites with incorporation of varied amounts of FRSN were analyzed by techniques including limited oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests. The new FR system with sulfur and nitrogen elements showed effective improvements in PC’s flame retardancy: the LOI value of the modified PC increased significantly, smoke emission suppressed, and UL 94 V-0 achieved. Typically, the composite with only 0.08 wt% of FRSN added (an ultralow content) can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 33.7% and classified as UL 94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and SEM morphology indicated that the FRSN has very good compatibility with PC matrix, which, in turn, is beneficial to the property enhancement. Finally, the analysis of sample residues after burning tests showed that a high portion of char was formed, contributing to the PC burning protection. This synthesized flame retardant provides a new way of improving PC’s flame retardancy and its mechanical property.

Preparation and Properties of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins with Aryl Phosphinate Dianhydride Hardener

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1335-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liang ◽  
Tie Zhu Bao ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Xiao Dong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardation ◽  
Halogen Free

Two halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins were prepared by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy with two compound hardeners. The aryl phosphinate dianhydride BPAODOPE was used as a hardener and flame retardant when coupled with two curing agents, such as methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) and maleic anhydride (MA). The effect of the BPAODOPE contents on the fire resistance, thermal properties and mechanical properties of halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resins were investigated in detail. The results showed that the phosphorus-containing epoxy resin composites had a higher UL-94 grade and char yield, furthermore, the flame retardation and the char yield of the cured epoxy resins increased with an increase of the phosphorus content, the phosphorus content of 1.75% was enough to achieve UL-94 V-1 grade and the best combination properties for the two composites with different hardeners.

Comparison of the Flame Retardant Properties of Ammonium Polyphosphates with Crystalline Forms II and V

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1658-1661
Author(s):  
Yue Long Liu ◽  
Gou Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Flame Retardation ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Market Perspective ◽  
Better Than

Ammonium polyphosphate have six crystalline forms, of them, form I and form II have industrial uses, their flame retardant properties have been studied extensively. Form V is seldom studied, its flame retardant is not fully known. In this paper, the flame retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate with crystalline form II (APP-II) and crystalline form V (APP-V) in polypropylene were tested. Results show that the flame retardant effect of APP-V is better than APP-II, and has better mechanical strength that APP-II, meaning it should has a good market perspective in field of halogen-free flame retardation.

SEBS-based thermoplastic elastomers containing aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate: Thermal degradation, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Jianming Wu ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
Chenguang Yao ◽  
Guisheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Phenylene Oxide ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Aluminum Hypophosphite

Aluminum hypophosphite combined with melamine cyanurate and poly(phenylene oxide) was applied to flame-retard TPE-S system (blends of SEBS and polyolefin). The flame-retardant properties of the TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO were investigated by LOI and vertical burning test (UL-94). The results indicated that TPE-S containing 16 wt% AHP, 20 wt% MCA, and 10 wt% PPO reached a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and its LOI value was 28.2%. It performed well in the cone calorimeter (reduction in peak heat release rate from 2001 to 494 kW m−2). Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests showed that AHP and MCA acted in gaseous phase, while AHP and PPO helped to form char residue. The SEM graphs demonstrated that continuous and compact films cover bubbles of the char layer in TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO. The proposed flame-retardant mechanisms of such systems were summarized.

Preparation of expandable graphite using a hydrothermal method and flame-retardant properties of its halogen-free flame-retardant HDPE composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Chung Tsai ◽  
Hsu-Chiang Kuan ◽  
Huang-Wen Chou ◽  
Chen-Feng Kuan ◽  
Chia-Hsun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free

scholarly journals Effect of oxidized wood flour as functional filler on the mechanical, thermal and flame-retardant properties of polylactide biocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxian Yang ◽  
Laia Haurie ◽  
Jianheng Wen ◽  
Shuidong Zhang ◽  
Arthur Ollivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Heat Transfer and Flame Retardant Properties of Silicone Elastomers

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Lehmann ◽  
A. Nawracala
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Silicone Elastomers ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

The following article discusses the use of novel compounds from the Tegosil series which are intended to significantly increase the thermal conductivity of HCR- and even LSR-based silicone elastomers or to provide a simple way of improving their flame retardant properties by adding these compounds. Heat transfer characteristics from hot disc testing are presented and the reduced burn time in the UL 94 test demonstrates the improved flame resistance of the resulting elastomer formulations.

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