scholarly journals Methodology for scaling finite element dummy and validation of a Hybrid III dummy model in crashworthiness simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (SI2) ◽  
pp. SI105-SI113
Author(s):  
Lý Hùng Anh ◽  
Dinh Bao Nguyen ◽  
Anh Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Brain Concussion ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

For study of car-pedestrian crashes, it is two common methods that can be employed: conducting crash tests with mechanical dummies and simulating car crashes on computer. The former is a traditional way and gives good results compared with real life car impact; however, its disadvantage is very expensive test equipment and generally more time-consuming than the latter because after every crash test, experimental vehicles as well as dummies need repairing to be ready for the next experiments. Therefore, crash test simulation using finite-element method is more and more popular in the automobile industry because of its feasibility and cost saving. The majority of finite element dummy models used in crash simulation. Particularly, it is popular to use Hybrid III 50th dummy model which is built based on fiftieth percentile male (equal in height and weight of the average North American). Thus, it is necessary to develop a scaling algorithm to scale a reference dummy size into a desired one without rebuilding the entire model. In this paper, the Hybrid III dummy model provided by LS-DYNA software is scaled to suit Vietnamese biomechanical characteristics. Scaling algorithm comprises dummy geometry, inertial properties and joint properties is utilized. In order to estimate level of head injury – brain concussion by using numerical simulation, the correlation between Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is introduced. In addition, the Hybrid III dummy model in crashworthiness simulation is presented in key frame picture. Numerical simulation approach is validated by comparing results of head acceleration and HIC obtain from this study with experimental data and numerical simulation results in other publication

scholarly journals Head injury of Vietnamese pedestrian in crash accident with SUV using numerical simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (SI2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Lý Hùng Anh ◽  
Dinh Bao Nguyen ◽  
Anh Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Crash Simulation ◽  
Standard Criterion ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Simulation Results

Crash test simulation using finite-element method is more and more popular in the automobile industry because of its feasibility and cost saving. The majority of finite element dummy models used in crash simulation are built based on anthropometrical and biomechanical data of the USA and European bodies. Thus, it is necessary to develop a scaling algorithm to scale a reference dummy size into a desired one without rebuilding the entire model. In this paper, the Hybrid III dummy model provided by LS-DYNA software is scaled to suit Vietnamese biomechanical characteristics. Then a standard criterion for head injuries called HIC is introduced. In addition, the Hybrid III dummy model is validated by comparing experimental data with simulation results obtained from computer model.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of crashworthiness parameters for design optimization of an automotive crash-box

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Prabhaharan S. A. ◽  
G. Balaji ◽  
Krishnamoorthy Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Esi Group

Automotive manufacturers rely on rigorous testing and simulations to construct their vehicles durable and safe in all aspects. One such vital factor is crash safety, otherwise known as crashworthiness. Crash tests are conventional forms of non-destructive methods to validate the vehicle for its crashworthiness and compatibility based on different operating conditions. The frontal impact test is the most primary form of crash test, which focuses on improving passenger's safety and comfort. According to NHTSA, a vehicle is rated based on these safety criteria, for which automobile manufacturers conduct a plethora of crash-related studies. Numerical simulation aids them in cutting down testing time and overall cost endured by providing a reliable amount of insights into the process. The current study is aimed at improving the crashworthiness of a crash box in a lightweight passenger car, such that it becomes more energy absorbent in terms of frontal impacts. All necessary parameters such as energy absorption, mean crush force, specific energy absorption, crush force efficiencies are evaluated based on analytical and finite element methods. There was a decent agreement between the analytical and simulation results, with an accuracy of 97%. The crashworthiness of the crash box was improved with the help of DOE-based response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM approach helped in improving the design of the crash box with enhanced EA & CFE by 30% and 8.8% respectively. The investigation of design variables on the energy absorption capacity of the thin-walled structure was also done. For the axial impact simulations, finite element solver Virtual Performance Solution − Pam Crash from the ESI group is used.

scholarly journals Finite Element Model Validation of the Hybrid-III Rail Safety (H3-RS) Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Eshraghi ◽  
Kristine Severson ◽  
David Hynd ◽  
A. Benjamin Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Pendulum Impact ◽  
Vertical Impact

The Hybrid-III Rail Safety (H3-RS) anthropomorphic test device (ATD), also known as a crash test dummy, was developed by the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), DeltaRail (now Resonate Group Ltd.), and the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) in the United Kingdom between 2002 and 2005 for passenger rail safety applications [1]. The H3-RS is a modification of the standard Hybrid-III 50th percentile male (H3-50M) ATD with additional features in the chest and abdomen to increase its biofidelity and eight sensors to measure deflection. The H3-RS features bilateral (left and right) deflection sensors in the upper and lower chest and in the upper and lower abdomen; whereas, the standard H3-50M only features a single unilateral (center) deflection sensor in the chest with no deflection sensors located in the abdomen. Additional H3-RS research was performed by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) under the direction of the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research, Development, and Technology. The Volpe Center contracted with TRL to conduct a series of dynamic pendulum impact tests [2]. The goal of testing the abdomen response of the H3-RS ATD was to develop data to refine an abdomen design that produces biofidelic and repeatable results under various impact conditions with respect to impactor geometry, vertical impact height, and velocity. In this study, the abdominal response of the H3-RS finite element (FE) model that TRL developed is validated using the results from pendulum impact tests [2]. Results from the pendulum impact tests and corresponding H3-RS FE simulations are compared using the longitudinal relative deflection measurements from the internal sensors in the chest and abdomen as well as the longitudinal accelerometer readings from the impactor. The abdominal response of the H3-RS FE model correlated well with the physical ATD as the impactor geometry, vertical impact height, and velocity were changed. There were limitations with lumbar positioning of the H3-RS FE model as well as the material definition for the relaxation rate of the foam in the abdomen that can be improved in future work. The main goal of validating the abdominal response of the dummy model is to enable its use in assessing injury potential in dynamic sled testing of crashworthy workstation tables, the results of which are presented in a companion paper [3]. The authors used the model of the H3-RS ATD to study the 8G sled test specified in the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) workstation table safety standard [4]. The 8G sled test is intended to simulate the longitudinal crash accleration in a severe train-to-train collision involving U.S. passenger equipment. Analyses of the dynamic sled test are useful for studying the sensitivity of the sled test to factors such as table height, table force-crush behavior, seat pitch, etc., which help to inform discussions on revisions to the test requirements eventually leading to safer seating environments for passengers.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY OF PASSENGER CARS IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY ROLLOVER ON THE RAILROAD TRACKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Railroad Tracks

The purpose of the work is to assess the safety of passenger cars in case of an emergency rollover on the body of railroad tracks. The paper introduces a method for predicting injury of railway transport passengers as a result of swinging over the wagon on the body of railroad tracks. The method of research is mathematical modeling of scenarios of swinging over the wagon on a flat bottom or earth tramp of the railway track. A model of a passenger compartment has been developed, which is supplemented with models of a roomette, hand luggage and an anthropometric dummy. The originality of the work is the use of mannequin models for an accident with the rollover of a compartment car on the body of the railroad tracks and obtaining data on the interaction of fit models and a compartment car. The result of the study is the reported values of possible injury to passengers during an emergency rollover of a passenger car. Namely, the values of the head injury criterion, cervical vertebrae, breast and hips of the crash test dummy have been obtained. In comparison of the two considered scenarios of swinging over the wagon, the value of the head injury criterion for overturning the car on an inclined surface is 15% higher, the neck injury criterion is 30% higher, and the hip and chest injury criterion is 23% higher for mannequins on the upper shelves of the compartment due to their interaction with hand luggage. The obtained values do not exceed critical ones. The most dangerous positions of the mannequin model in the compartment of the car are revealed. Conclusions concerning the sufficient safety of the passenger car are formed and recommendations for the development of additional technical solutions to improve the safety of passenger cars are given.

Automobile Hood/Fender Design Optimization for Improved Pedestrian Head Impact Protection

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Lemmon ◽  
Ronald L. Huston
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Automobile Hood ◽  
Impact Protection ◽  
Related Design

Abstract This paper presents procedures for automobile structure design to reduce head injury of pedestrians struck by the vehicle. The fender and hood seam of a 1988 Ford Taurus are modified to absorb the energy of a head impact. Two shape related design parameters are optimized for minimum Head Injury Criterion using finite element simulations. A design is presented which reduces Head Injury Criterion by over 50 percent. All analyses are conducted using the explicit, nonlinear, dynamic finite element code DYNA3D on a Cray YMP/832 supercomputer.

scholarly journals Head Injury Reduction in Automobile Pedestrian Impact

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-568
Author(s):  
David R. Lemmon ◽  
Ming-yi Wu ◽  
Ronald L. Huston
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Injury Reduction ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Element Program ◽  
Automobile Hood ◽  
Pedestrian Impact

This article presents and discusses automobile hood/fender rail design to reduce head injury of pedestrians struck by the front of the vehicle. Fender seam designs are presented that reduce the head injury criterion values by over 50%. The procedures and analysis are conducted using a nonlinear dynamic finite element program for an Oldsmobile Ciera hood and a Ford Taurus hood/fender.

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