Effects of physical and chemical properties on the dissolution of sea salt

Salt plays a crucial role in human health. However, excess use of NaCl in food products can be harmful to health. One suggestion for this problem is optimization salt dissolution to increase the content of salt ions in the mouth. For this purpose, it is important to understand the solubility properties of salt crystals in saliva. The dissolving process is not only affected by the physical properties but also by the chemical composition of the salt. This study compared the solubility of four commercial grain salts in four regions in Vietnam (Bac Lieu, Thanh Hoa, Sa Huynh, Vung Tau), one flower salt in Sa Huynh and a control sample with two particle sizes 1 - 2 mm and 2 - 3 mm in a Saliva Artificial Gal – Fovet solution (SAGF). Dissolution was determined by analyzing microscopic images taken by the time and analysis by Bayesian and Partial Least Squared methods. The research evaluated the influence of physical properties (area, Feret's diameter, circularity, aspect ratio and solidity) and chemical compositions (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and moisture content) on the dissolving process. Salt samples showed significant differences in physical and chemical properties by region. Morphological parameters are affected by conditions of salt crystallization that indicated through region of origin. Dissolution is evaluated through solubility coefficient, Sa Huynh flower salt and control salt have the highest solubility coefficient, simultaneously, it is also the smallest value of roundness and surface index. The projected area, magnesium and sodium content are the factors which strongly affecting on dissolution of salt samples. These results demonstrated the possibility to exploit these factors to adjust the solubility of salt as well as the perceived salinity over time.

Download Full-text

Chemical and Physical Properties of Some Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Portugal

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1476

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽

Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽

Elsa Ramalhosa ◽

Arminda Lopes ◽

Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Activity ◽

Induction Time ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

Download Full-text

Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467421000249 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Anshu Siwach ◽

Siddhartha Kaushal ◽

Ratul Baishya

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

High Rate ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Garhwal Himalayas ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

Download Full-text

The Extraction of Main Chemical Compositions in Rumex Root

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.372 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 382 ◽

pp. 372-374

Author(s):

Yong Jiang ◽

Zhi Bin Jiang ◽

Guo Jie Shao ◽

Dong Cheng Guo ◽

Yu Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Experimental Basis ◽

Development And Utilization ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Root Methods ◽

And Chemical Properties

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the compositions of the polygonaceae medicinal plants called rumex root. Methods: Solvent method and chromatography was used to purificate the chemical compositions of Rumex, and the molecular structure of the compound was identified by physical and chemical properties and spectral data. Results: Two compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract of rumex root, which were identified as Chrysophanol and Physcione. Conclusions: Experimental basis was provided for the further study of the active ingredients of rumex root and the development and utilization of medical resources.

Download Full-text

Study of Relative Metallic Character of Noble Metals Cu, Ag and Au at Normal Temperatures

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1019.174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1019 ◽

pp. 174-178

Author(s):

Ramesh Kumar ◽

Priti Kumari ◽

Kumar Saurav ◽

Purushottam Poddar ◽

Vijay Kumar Verma

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Metallic Character ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The relative metallic character of noble metals, Cu, Ag & Au has been suggested by their physical and chemical properties. Their position in the metallic series is in the neighborhood of that of Li, Mg and Zn. These Metals are inferior of Li, Mg, Zn, Fe, Co and Ni in metallic character. Li, Mg, Zn, Fe, Co and Ni are inferior to Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Ba and Sr. The noble metals have simple metallic character in physical properties at normal temperatures.

Download Full-text

Corrigenda - The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9910263c ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PP Cavanagh ◽

AJ Koppi ◽

AB Mcbratney

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Electrolytic Conductivity ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Reducing cultivation may improve many soil physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth. A trial was set up in 1986 on a red-brown earth near Forbes, N.S.W., comparing direct-drilling and conventional-cultivation crop establishment techniques. The surface soil (0-100 mm) was sampled at the end of the third year and assessed for macropore structure, infiltration characteristics, bulk density, pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Cultivation degraded some desirable soil physical properties as indicated by data obtained from image analysis and infiltration. Bulk density did not mirror differences in macroporosity. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and electrolytic conductivity levels were higher in direct-drilled soil in comparison to conventionally tilled soil. It ib concluded that the improvement of soil chemical and physical properties afforded by a reduction in tillage would lead to an increase in soil water infiltration rate and storage.

Download Full-text

The effects of minimum cultivation after three years on some physical and chemical properties of a red-brown earth at Forbes, NSW.

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9910263 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

PP Cavanagh ◽

AJ Koppi ◽

AB Mcbratney

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Electrolytic Conductivity ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Download Full-text

Study of the Chemical and Physical Properties of the Fiber-Matrix Interface of Biocomposite Material Based on a Copolymer Matrix Polylactic Acid (PLA)

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520412666190123153957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Mokhtaria Ould Kada ◽

Allel Mokaddem ◽

Bendouma Doumi ◽

Mohamed Berber ◽

Lahouari Temimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Matrix Interface ◽

Fiber Matrix Interface ◽

Fiber Matrix ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Background: In this paper, we have studied the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the fiber-matrix interface of a Biocomposite based on the copolymer polylactic acid (PLA). Methodology: We have developed an analytical model using a genetic approach to locate the interface damage under the effect of mechanical stress, temperature and humidity. Our simulation is based on Weibull's probabilistic approach and the law of water diffusion in polymer matrix, the diffusion is generated by Fick's law. Results: Our results show that the interface of Biocomposite (Starch-PLA) is the most resistant to the different constraints applied and that the physical and chemical properties of this material are much more improved compared to other materials studied by the same genetic model. Conclusion: Our calculations coincide perfectly with the conclusions of Antoine et al. who determined that natural fibers improve the physical properties of composite materials.

Download Full-text

The Compounding of Hard Rubber (Natural and Synthetic)

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3546994 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 266-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Murray Gall

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

High Grade ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Similar Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Plastics Industry ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Natural And Synthetic

Abstract Hard rubber, frequently called ebonite, is a material which has many desirable physical and chemical properties. The relatively new plastics industry has offered stiff competition, yet it is reasonably safe to say that, for certain applications, nothing else can be substituted for hard rubber and still maintain its unique properties. One of the principal qualities of this material is its finished appearance. When a high-grade ebonite compound is properly processed, it can be given a high lustrous finish which sets it apart from similar materials for beauty and richness. The highest grade of hard rubber is a compound containing only rubber and sulfur. It is in this type of compound that maximum physical properties and highest luster are found.

Download Full-text

Investigation of Azambur Mirabilite Deposit and Lake Water to Obtain Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate

Works of Georgian Technical University ◽

10.36073/1512-0996-2021-2-95-105 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 95-105

Author(s):

Tamar Nasuashvili ◽

◽

Marlen Mchedlishvili ◽

Keyword(s):

Lake Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Sodium Sulfate ◽

Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Natural Brine ◽

And Chemical Properties

Under the influence of environmental conditions, the article examines the change in the physical and chemical properties of the natural brine system containing sodium sulfate, which is located in Georgia, on the territory of the municipality of Sagarejo. To this purpose in November-June 2019-2020 the full chemical compositions of natural brine were studied at one-month intervals. The following ions were studied in brine: SO4 2-, Cl- , HCO3 - , CO3 2-, Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+.. In water samples, conductivity was also measured. The concentrations of the studied ions in the natural brine vary with the season, in particular, all the studied ions begin to decrease in the fall, sharply decrease in the winter, increase in the spring and significantly increase in the summer.

Download Full-text

Anatomical characterization, physical, and chemical properties of wood of Quercus macdougallii Martínez, endemic species of the Sierra Juárez of Oaxaca, Mexico

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.3.5975-5998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 5975-5998

Author(s):

Faustino Ruiz-Aquino ◽

Lizbeth Luna-Bautista ◽

Aremi E. Luna-Bautista ◽

Wenceslao Santiago-García ◽

Luis F. Pintor-Ibarra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Basic Density ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Cellulose Pulp ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

First Time ◽

And Chemical Properties

The anatomical characteristics and the physical and chemical properties of wood of Quercus macdougallii Martínez are presented for the first time. Q. macdougallii Martínez is an endemic species of the Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca. The microscopic characteristics were described in preparations of typical cuts and dissociated material. The physical properties were evaluated according to the ASTM D 143-94 standard in sapwood and heartwood specimens. The measurable elements and physical properties were classified according to the mean. With the measurable elements, the paper pulp quality index was determined. In sapwood and heartwood, the basic chemical composition was determined. The wood of Q. macdougallii presented a pronounced grain, a thick texture, and a straight thread. Fibers, fibrotracheids, uniseriate, multiseriate, and aggregate rays were found. Basic density 0.55 g cm-3 in sapwood and 0.61 g cm-3 in heartwood is classified as moderately heavy and heavy, respectively. The saturation point of the fiber is classified as high. Based on its physical properties, Q. macdougallii wood can be used in the manufacture of furniture, veneer, floors, tool handles, and construction. Based on the pulp quality indices and chemical composition, this wood could be used to obtain cellulose pulp for paper.

Download Full-text