scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENT FEEDING AND HYGIENIC PRACTICES OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR AND THEIR OUTCOME IN CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mothers should have access to skilled support to help them initiate and sustain appropriate feeding practices, and to prevent difficulties and overcome them when they occur. Actual aim of this study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the hygiene in the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. The aim of this work was to determine the association between household access to water, sanitation and personal hygiene practices with stunting among children. In this study, the observation was contrary to what was observed in the NFHS3. Urban area appeared better in all the aspects of breast feeding than rural area. However, breast feeding practices were still suboptimal in both the areas. This study reveals the similar pattern but magnitude is different Exclusive breastfeeding up to the age of six months is only 25% and 18% in urban and rural region respectively average is 21%.our study revealed exclusive breast feeding for 6 months Populations  had significantly low prevalence of underweight (18%), stunting (1%)  wasting (15%) and as expected against complementary food given before 6 months underweight (67%), stunting (57%). wasting (54%) and late after 6months group showed underweight (67%), stunting  (63%).and wasting (41%). As per NFHS3 36 percent are given food from at least 3 food groups (variety of food), as recommended to ensure adequate diversity in their diet. ACCORDING TO WHO 2012 In India, approximately 53% of households and 624 million people defecate in the open. Open defecation is more pervasive in rural versus urban areas (74% vs 17%).as per recent reports 2015 69%vs 19%  Open defecation is more pervasive in rural versus urban areas.  In Our study (68%Vs43%). that both urban and rural population group in which use latrine for defecation has significantly better outcome than the group in which use open field defecation. This project will support the government's efforts to promote the exclusive breastfeeding, and healthy feeding practices for infant and children aged under 5 years, as well as to bring improvement in personal hygiene. Keywords: Breast feeding, Hygienic conditions, healthy feeding practice, WHO, UNICEF

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALNOURISHED CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Status of nutrition reflects the status of health of a country. Infant and young child feeding practices are multidimensional and age specific. Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. This study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. This study was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in PMCH (OPD and Indoor) Patna Bihar. Total number of participants in our study is 180 in the age group 0-5 years which was further divided into 3 groups according to their age each group (0-6, 6-24, and24-60months), had 60 participants. These groups were further equally divided on the basis of location rural and urban; these Subgroups were further divided into 2 equal subgroups according to sex. In this study variety of food given is 63% and 50% in urban and rural population respectively. It is revealed that population getting variety of food has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. This study has revealed that population getting nearly proper consistency and calories are only 53% and 41% in urban and rural areas respectively. Population getting nearly proper consistency and calories has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. Prevalent mode of feeding in children below 6 months in non exclusive BREAST feeding is bottle feeding in rural and urban areas. 42% and 50% of urban and rural population BOTTLE feed their children above 6 months respectively bottle feeding significantly affect the outcome i.e. the poor nutritional status as compared to the KATORI spoon feeding. Keywords: Healthy food, varieties of nutritional food intake, Breast feeding practices.

scholarly journals A comparison of breast feeding practices among urban and rural areas of Rangareddy district of Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vijay Kumar ◽  
Indranil Acharya ◽  
Jayanti P. Acharya ◽  
Puligila Raj Shravani ◽  
Sabbineni Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 800 mothers from urban and rural areas of Rangareddy District. A pre designed pre tested questionnaire was used to interview the mothers. Questionnaire contained questions related to demographic factors and breast feeding practices. Institutional Ethical clearance was taken. Results: The overall prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 65%, being comparatively more in rural area (68%) which was statistically significant. Colostrum was discarded by 15% mothers in urban and 9% in rural area. Breast feeding was initiated within 1 hour in 184 (46%) in urban area and in 148 (37%) in rural area. Conclusions: Though mothers from rural area had certain favorable breast feeding practices such as demand feeding, colostrum being given but still various inappropriate practices were prevalent in both rural and urban areas. 

scholarly journals INFANT FEEDING

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
AFSHAN SHAHID ◽  
Muhammad Hussain KHAN ◽  
MAHMOOD AHMED ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
MOHAMMAD WASIF KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cold Food ◽  
Source Of Information

b j e c t i v e s : To evaluate the infant feeding beliefs and practices of mothers in our setup. D e s i g n of S t u d y : A crosssectionalstudy. Settings: Fauji Foundation Hospital. Rawalpindi. P e r i o d : From Jan 2007 to September 2007. Materials a n d M e t h o d s :366 mothers of infants attending Fauji Foundation Hospital were interviewed by using pre-tested questionnaire. Data was collected forMothers beliefs ad practices regarding infant feeding. Descriptive statistics like percentages, mean and range were obtained by using SPSSversion 11. Results: 366 mothers from rural and urban areas attending hospitals were interviewed. 63.9% mothers believed that breast milkshould be given as first feed. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 56% of infants. Major source of information for giving pre-lacteal feeds wasrelatives. At birth, 43.7% mothers discarded clostrum considering it harmful and useless for baby. Frequency of breast feeding was highinitially at birth but declined rapidly by early supplementation with bottle feeding. Inadequate weaning in terms of timing, quality and quantitywas observed. Cultural beliefs and taboos like hot and cold food influenced 61.5% of mothers due to which they restricted important fooditems. C o n c l u s i o n s : A targeted health education campaign should stress the main advantages of breast feeding. Messages should stressthe protective benefits of clostrum and encourage mothers to start breast feeding immediately after birth. Potentially hazardous practicesincluding pre lacteal feeding should be discarded. Local cultural and traditional practices and beliefs regarding different food items shouldbe identified. This will help to improve the food intake of infants by strengthening the useful beliefs and discontinuing harmful ones.

Problems of Sanitation in India: Does Culture Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-269
Author(s):  
B. K. Nagla
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Problem ◽  
Healthy Family ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Although sanitation is a core element of healthy family and community life and an important indicator of social development, it has not received the sociological attention it deserves. Based on an analysis of both rural and urban areas cutting across diverse social groups, this article shows that the sanitation in India is not only a rural but also an urban problem, particularly in the context of growing industrialisation, coupled with concomitant rapid urbanisation and expansion of cities. The article unveils the link between poor sanitation, especially preference for open defecation among rural folks with peoples’ practices and perceptions, which are deeply rooted in cultural norms. Ultimately, it is argued that it is not the resources but rather the beliefs, practices and customs of people related to health and environment that matter in improving the sanitary conditions in India

scholarly journals Sanitation coverage in Bangladesh since the millennium: consistency matters

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zheng ◽  
S. A. I. Hakim ◽  
Q. Nahar ◽  
A. van Agthoven ◽  
S. V. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Equity Issue ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Joint Monitoring

Household surveys in Bangladesh between 1994 and 2009 assessed sanitation access using questions that differed significantly over time, resulting in apparently inconsistent findings. Applying the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme's 2008 definition for open defecation and improved sanitation facilities excluding shared facilities to the compiled data set, sensible sanitation coverage trends emerge. The percentage of households openly defecating declined at a rate of about 1.8% per year from 30% in 1994 to 6.8% in 2009, primarily due to changes in rural areas. Access to individual improved sanitation facilities nearly doubled from about 30% in 2006 to 57% in 2009, with both rural and urban areas showing impressive progress. Access to shared improved latrines also nearly doubled from about 13% in 2006 to 24% in 2009, with the urban slums recording the greatest gain from 17% in 2006 to 65% in 2009. Shared improved latrines are only slightly less clean than individual ones. Dependence on shared improved latrines increases with population density. In 2007, 20% of the poorest households still openly defecated, although more of them (38%) shared a latrine of any type. A poverty reduction program is recommended to address this equity issue, although applying consistent definitions is crucial to documenting progress.

scholarly journals Feeding Practices of Children Under-Five in an Industrialized City in Cebu

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie R. Sta. Teresa ◽  
Francis Jemuel M. Rufo ◽  
Geneve B Largo
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Repeated Infections ◽  
The City

About bout 30% of children under five years old were stunted as a consequence of poor feeding practices and repeated infections. The study determined the feeding practice of mothers of under-five children in Naga City, Cebu, Philippines. The study utilized the descriptive method involving 330 respondents in five districts of the City of Naga, Cebu. Questionnaire was used in data collection and it was translated to Cebuano to extract the necessary data from the respondents. The findings showed the majority of the children under-five year-old were breastfed by their mothers immediately after birth. Furthermore, nearly all respondents did not practice exclusive breastfeeding, however, a considerable number of respondents continue to breastfeed after six months. Plain water, vitamins or medicines and clear broth topped the list of liquids introduced by the respondents, while vitamin A-rich vegetables, foods rich in carbohydrates and iodine-rich foods ranked first, second and third respectively in the list of solid foods for complementary feeding. Most of the respondents did not introduce products that are fortified with iron. Breastfeeding practices in urban areas lack knowledge of the importance of iron-fortified complementary feeding as well as exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN PRAKTEK ASI EKSLUSIF SERTA STATUS GIZI BAYI USIA 4-12 BULAN DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Asrinisa Rachmadewi ◽  
Ali Khomsan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Breastfeeding Knowledge ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

The main aim of this study was to compare breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practice and infants nutritional status between rural and urban areas. In this cross-sectional study, Desa Jayabakti, Kabupaten Sukabumi represents rural area, while Kelurahan Kedung Jaya, Kota Bogor represents urban area. Samples were 31 mothers-infants in each area who were selected by simple cluster sampling method. The differences between two areas were analyzed with the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. The correlation between variables was analyzed with rank Spearman. The result of this study showed that mother's knowledge and attitude of nutrition, especially about exclusive breastfeeding, was higher in urban than in rural area. There were differences in mothers' knowledge and attitude between rural and urban areas (p<0.05). Exclusive breastfeeding in rural area practiced by 41.9%, which is higher than in urban area (25.8%). Nevertheless, there was no statistical difference in exclusive breastfeeding practice between rural and urban areas (p>0.05). The aspects of breastfeeding practices which statistically difference in rural and urban areas were the introduction of colostrums status and breastfeeding time (p<0.05). Early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in urban area (p<0.05), but none of the variables were associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in rural area (p>0.05). Furthermore, exclusive breastfeeding practice was not associated with 4-12 months infants nutritional status (p>0.05). Mothers' family should be targeted as target of audience in breastfeeding promotion.  Keywords: breastfeeding practice, exclusive breastfeeding, knowledge, attitude, infant                  nutritional status, rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals OPEN DEFECATION FREE (ODF) RURAL AND URBAN AREAS: ACHIEVEMENT OF SWACHH BHARAT MISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 490-496
Author(s):  
K. Padmavathi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
National Family ◽  
Indian Census

Sanitation is recognized as a basic human right. UN General Assemblyin July 2010 had adopted a resolution officially recognising Sanitationaccess to, and use of, excreta and wastewater facilities and servicesasa human right. For most of human history, people defecatedin theopen. But in the last century, a lot has changed with toilets becoming anintegral part of homes in most parts of the world. More than half of allpeopleintheworldwhodefecateintheopenliveinIndia.Accordingto 2011 Indian Census, 53.00 per cent of households do not use anykind of toilet or latrine. This essentially matches the 55.00 per centfound by the National Family Health Survey in 2005. In this paper Iattempt to study the role of government and schemes and peoples participation.

scholarly journals Exclusive breast-feeding is rarely practised in rural and urban Morogoro, Tanzania

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Restituta Shirima ◽  
Ted Greiner ◽  
Elisabeth Kylberg ◽  
Mehari Gebre-Medhin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjective:To investigate and compare feeding practices among infants of less than 7 months of age in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania.Design:Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers and focus group discussions with extension workers and community leaders.Setting:Eleven villages in a rural district and 10 wards in an urban district in the Morogoro region, Tanzania, west of Dar es Salaam.Subjects:Probability samples of mothers with infants of less than 7 months of age (n= 320 from each area).Results:Exclusive breast-feeding was rarely practised in either the rural or urban areas investigated. However, the urban mothers initiated breast-feeding earlier, discarded colostrum less frequently, breast-fed exclusively for a longer period, gave breast milk as the first feed more often and delayed the introduction of solid foods for longer than their rural counterparts. The rural mothers, on the other hand, breast-fed their previous infants slightly longer than the urban mothers.Conclusions:The better performance of urban mothers could be partly due to sustained breast-feeding support in hospital settings and other campaigns which may not have reached the rural areas. In both the rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast-feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in the case of the urban areas, to protect extended breast-feeding.

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