scholarly journals INFANT FEEDING

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
AFSHAN SHAHID ◽  
Muhammad Hussain KHAN ◽  
MAHMOOD AHMED ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
MOHAMMAD WASIF KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cold Food ◽  
Source Of Information

b j e c t i v e s : To evaluate the infant feeding beliefs and practices of mothers in our setup. D e s i g n of S t u d y : A crosssectionalstudy. Settings: Fauji Foundation Hospital. Rawalpindi. P e r i o d : From Jan 2007 to September 2007. Materials a n d M e t h o d s :366 mothers of infants attending Fauji Foundation Hospital were interviewed by using pre-tested questionnaire. Data was collected forMothers beliefs ad practices regarding infant feeding. Descriptive statistics like percentages, mean and range were obtained by using SPSSversion 11. Results: 366 mothers from rural and urban areas attending hospitals were interviewed. 63.9% mothers believed that breast milkshould be given as first feed. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 56% of infants. Major source of information for giving pre-lacteal feeds wasrelatives. At birth, 43.7% mothers discarded clostrum considering it harmful and useless for baby. Frequency of breast feeding was highinitially at birth but declined rapidly by early supplementation with bottle feeding. Inadequate weaning in terms of timing, quality and quantitywas observed. Cultural beliefs and taboos like hot and cold food influenced 61.5% of mothers due to which they restricted important fooditems. C o n c l u s i o n s : A targeted health education campaign should stress the main advantages of breast feeding. Messages should stressthe protective benefits of clostrum and encourage mothers to start breast feeding immediately after birth. Potentially hazardous practicesincluding pre lacteal feeding should be discarded. Local cultural and traditional practices and beliefs regarding different food items shouldbe identified. This will help to improve the food intake of infants by strengthening the useful beliefs and discontinuing harmful ones.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALNOURISHED CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Status of nutrition reflects the status of health of a country. Infant and young child feeding practices are multidimensional and age specific. Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. This study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. This study was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in PMCH (OPD and Indoor) Patna Bihar. Total number of participants in our study is 180 in the age group 0-5 years which was further divided into 3 groups according to their age each group (0-6, 6-24, and24-60months), had 60 participants. These groups were further equally divided on the basis of location rural and urban; these Subgroups were further divided into 2 equal subgroups according to sex. In this study variety of food given is 63% and 50% in urban and rural population respectively. It is revealed that population getting variety of food has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. This study has revealed that population getting nearly proper consistency and calories are only 53% and 41% in urban and rural areas respectively. Population getting nearly proper consistency and calories has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. Prevalent mode of feeding in children below 6 months in non exclusive BREAST feeding is bottle feeding in rural and urban areas. 42% and 50% of urban and rural population BOTTLE feed their children above 6 months respectively bottle feeding significantly affect the outcome i.e. the poor nutritional status as compared to the KATORI spoon feeding. Keywords: Healthy food, varieties of nutritional food intake, Breast feeding practices.

scholarly journals Cultural, Social, Religious Beliefs and Practices During Postpartum Period Among Post Natal Women in Selected Rural and Urban Health Care Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ananya Bhakta ◽  
Smritikana Mani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postnatal Women

Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case, with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. In developing countries, over 60% of maternal deaths occur during the postpartum period. This period is also greatly influenced by different types of socio-cultural beliefs & practices that increases the risk for poor maternal and child health. A study was conducted to identify and analyse the cultural, social, religious beliefs and practices during postpartum period among postnatal women in Erashal BPHC & Medical College & Hospital of West Bengal. A comparative survey design was adopted in this study. A non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 postnatal women from rural Erashal BPHC & 160 from urban Medical college & hospital as study subject. A valid & reliable Structured Interview schedule(r-0.85,0.90)was used to collect data from the postnatal women who were admitted for delivery and staying postnatal ward. The findings showed that the harmful beliefs regarding maternal, baby care, breast feeding & family planning aspect were present among women during  postpartum period(R-75%,U-54%) Harm less beliefs regarding maternal care& breast feeding aspect were present in  postpartum period(R-31% U-42 %).  Beneficial beliefs regarding separation aspect were present in postpartum period(R-79%,U-90%).The practices were seen in  post partum period(R-52%,U-21%).There was a significant difference in belief among rural & urban women as evidenced by ‘t’ test(t-11.38 at df 278 at p<0.05) . There was a significant difference in practice among rural& urban women (t-6.85 at df278 at 0.05 level).Significant relationship(r-0.35 , 0.28   at p<0.05) was seen between beliefs &practices during postpartum period in both area. There was a significant association (χ2-5.36, 10.56 at p<0.05) between religion with beliefs in both area. The significant association was seen between family type with beliefs in rural (χ2-4.41 at p<0.05) but not in urban. The study concluded that, a concerned matter of issue can be raised to prevent the practices contrary with harmful beliefs by counselling and evaluation of views of the mothers during reproductive period.   Keywords: beliefs and practices, postpartum  period, postnatal women, rural and urban settings

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENT FEEDING AND HYGIENIC PRACTICES OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR AND THEIR OUTCOME IN CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mothers should have access to skilled support to help them initiate and sustain appropriate feeding practices, and to prevent difficulties and overcome them when they occur. Actual aim of this study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the hygiene in the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. The aim of this work was to determine the association between household access to water, sanitation and personal hygiene practices with stunting among children. In this study, the observation was contrary to what was observed in the NFHS3. Urban area appeared better in all the aspects of breast feeding than rural area. However, breast feeding practices were still suboptimal in both the areas. This study reveals the similar pattern but magnitude is different Exclusive breastfeeding up to the age of six months is only 25% and 18% in urban and rural region respectively average is 21%.our study revealed exclusive breast feeding for 6 months Populations  had significantly low prevalence of underweight (18%), stunting (1%)  wasting (15%) and as expected against complementary food given before 6 months underweight (67%), stunting (57%). wasting (54%) and late after 6months group showed underweight (67%), stunting  (63%).and wasting (41%). As per NFHS3 36 percent are given food from at least 3 food groups (variety of food), as recommended to ensure adequate diversity in their diet. ACCORDING TO WHO 2012 In India, approximately 53% of households and 624 million people defecate in the open. Open defecation is more pervasive in rural versus urban areas (74% vs 17%).as per recent reports 2015 69%vs 19%  Open defecation is more pervasive in rural versus urban areas.  In Our study (68%Vs43%). that both urban and rural population group in which use latrine for defecation has significantly better outcome than the group in which use open field defecation. This project will support the government's efforts to promote the exclusive breastfeeding, and healthy feeding practices for infant and children aged under 5 years, as well as to bring improvement in personal hygiene. Keywords: Breast feeding, Hygienic conditions, healthy feeding practice, WHO, UNICEF

scholarly journals Exclusive breast-feeding is rarely practised in rural and urban Morogoro, Tanzania

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Restituta Shirima ◽  
Ted Greiner ◽  
Elisabeth Kylberg ◽  
Mehari Gebre-Medhin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjective:To investigate and compare feeding practices among infants of less than 7 months of age in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania.Design:Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers and focus group discussions with extension workers and community leaders.Setting:Eleven villages in a rural district and 10 wards in an urban district in the Morogoro region, Tanzania, west of Dar es Salaam.Subjects:Probability samples of mothers with infants of less than 7 months of age (n= 320 from each area).Results:Exclusive breast-feeding was rarely practised in either the rural or urban areas investigated. However, the urban mothers initiated breast-feeding earlier, discarded colostrum less frequently, breast-fed exclusively for a longer period, gave breast milk as the first feed more often and delayed the introduction of solid foods for longer than their rural counterparts. The rural mothers, on the other hand, breast-fed their previous infants slightly longer than the urban mothers.Conclusions:The better performance of urban mothers could be partly due to sustained breast-feeding support in hospital settings and other campaigns which may not have reached the rural areas. In both the rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast-feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in the case of the urban areas, to protect extended breast-feeding.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

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