scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALNOURISHED CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Status of nutrition reflects the status of health of a country. Infant and young child feeding practices are multidimensional and age specific. Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. This study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. This study was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in PMCH (OPD and Indoor) Patna Bihar. Total number of participants in our study is 180 in the age group 0-5 years which was further divided into 3 groups according to their age each group (0-6, 6-24, and24-60months), had 60 participants. These groups were further equally divided on the basis of location rural and urban; these Subgroups were further divided into 2 equal subgroups according to sex. In this study variety of food given is 63% and 50% in urban and rural population respectively. It is revealed that population getting variety of food has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. This study has revealed that population getting nearly proper consistency and calories are only 53% and 41% in urban and rural areas respectively. Population getting nearly proper consistency and calories has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. Prevalent mode of feeding in children below 6 months in non exclusive BREAST feeding is bottle feeding in rural and urban areas. 42% and 50% of urban and rural population BOTTLE feed their children above 6 months respectively bottle feeding significantly affect the outcome i.e. the poor nutritional status as compared to the KATORI spoon feeding. Keywords: Healthy food, varieties of nutritional food intake, Breast feeding practices.

scholarly journals A comparison of breast feeding practices among urban and rural areas of Rangareddy district of Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vijay Kumar ◽  
Indranil Acharya ◽  
Jayanti P. Acharya ◽  
Puligila Raj Shravani ◽  
Sabbineni Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 800 mothers from urban and rural areas of Rangareddy District. A pre designed pre tested questionnaire was used to interview the mothers. Questionnaire contained questions related to demographic factors and breast feeding practices. Institutional Ethical clearance was taken. Results: The overall prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 65%, being comparatively more in rural area (68%) which was statistically significant. Colostrum was discarded by 15% mothers in urban and 9% in rural area. Breast feeding was initiated within 1 hour in 184 (46%) in urban area and in 148 (37%) in rural area. Conclusions: Though mothers from rural area had certain favorable breast feeding practices such as demand feeding, colostrum being given but still various inappropriate practices were prevalent in both rural and urban areas. 

scholarly journals KUALITAS DIET, STATUS GIZI DAN STATUS ANEMIA WANITA PRAKONSEPSI ANTARA DESA DAN KOTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Cindy Fariski ◽  
Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽  
Hartanti Sandi Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
Rural And Urban

The health status during the preconception period was important to prepare pregnancy. Living patterns that can affect diet quality and nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze the differences in diet quality, nutritional status, and anemia between preconception women in rural and urban areas. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design that consisted of 68 brides aged 16-35 years selected by consecutive sampling. Diet quality was obtained by diet quality index international (DQI-I) form. Nutritional status based on body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Hemoglobin levels were measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Data were analyzed by Independent T-test and Mann Whitney. Subjects in rural and urban areas had low diet quality. The score of variation in the type of protein intake, total fat, and saturated fat was higher in rural areas than urban areas (p=0,001; p=0,013; p=0,002). The mean BMI and MUAC were higher in urban subjects than rural subjects but the hemoglobin levels of rural subjects were higher than urban subjects. The subjects of anemia in urban was 23,5 percent were higher than rural was 14,7 percent but the risk of chronic energy deficiency in rural was 55,9% were higher than urban was 11,8 percent. There were no differences in diet quality and hemoglobin levels between preconception women in rural and urban areas (p=0,990; p=0,116). There were a differences in BMI and MUAC (p=0,026; p=<0,001). There were differences in nutritional status based on BMI and MUAC in both areas. There were no differences in diet quality and hemoglobin levels in rural and urban areas

scholarly journals INFANT FEEDING

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
AFSHAN SHAHID ◽  
Muhammad Hussain KHAN ◽  
MAHMOOD AHMED ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
MOHAMMAD WASIF KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cold Food ◽  
Source Of Information

b j e c t i v e s : To evaluate the infant feeding beliefs and practices of mothers in our setup. D e s i g n of S t u d y : A crosssectionalstudy. Settings: Fauji Foundation Hospital. Rawalpindi. P e r i o d : From Jan 2007 to September 2007. Materials a n d M e t h o d s :366 mothers of infants attending Fauji Foundation Hospital were interviewed by using pre-tested questionnaire. Data was collected forMothers beliefs ad practices regarding infant feeding. Descriptive statistics like percentages, mean and range were obtained by using SPSSversion 11. Results: 366 mothers from rural and urban areas attending hospitals were interviewed. 63.9% mothers believed that breast milkshould be given as first feed. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 56% of infants. Major source of information for giving pre-lacteal feeds wasrelatives. At birth, 43.7% mothers discarded clostrum considering it harmful and useless for baby. Frequency of breast feeding was highinitially at birth but declined rapidly by early supplementation with bottle feeding. Inadequate weaning in terms of timing, quality and quantitywas observed. Cultural beliefs and taboos like hot and cold food influenced 61.5% of mothers due to which they restricted important fooditems. C o n c l u s i o n s : A targeted health education campaign should stress the main advantages of breast feeding. Messages should stressthe protective benefits of clostrum and encourage mothers to start breast feeding immediately after birth. Potentially hazardous practicesincluding pre lacteal feeding should be discarded. Local cultural and traditional practices and beliefs regarding different food items shouldbe identified. This will help to improve the food intake of infants by strengthening the useful beliefs and discontinuing harmful ones.

scholarly journals The Impact of Schools and Families in the Religions Perceptions of Children in Albania and Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Loloçi Rita ◽  
Menada Petro
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to identify children`s perceptions regarding the role of religion in their education, their religious belonging, the parent's role in their religious education, and the attitude they have towards other religions. To gather quantitative data regarding the opinion the 10-14 age children have on religion and religious education, a survey was performed in several schools in Albania and Kosovo urban and rural areas (720 students from 8 schools of Durres, 4 in rural areas, and 473 students from 8 schools of Pristina and the surrounding area). A questionnaire was used to fulfill the purpose of the research regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and the perceptions of 10-14 age group on religious education in schools. At the same time, studies of national and international authors were consulted for a better analysis of the problems raised in the questionnaires such as the role and the importance of intercultural education in the coexistence and the harmony between people of different cultures, the education on The Fundamental Rights, the role of the curricula in schools, the difference between families in the rural and urban areas and the effect of the parents’ education on children. The results of the study showed that children of this age group receive the first knowledge about religion from the family. An irreplaceable role in religious education has the media. The school involvement in giving knowledge on religious beliefs in both studied regions will positively influence pupil’s formation, eliminating this way the violation of other people religion that often is present in our schools and not only. A correlation between the tolerance of parents and the tolerance of their children resulted as the consequence of the care that families show to respect different religions and often even sects.

scholarly journals Health status of the rural population in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bem ◽  
Paulina Ucieklak-Jeż
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the health of the elderly, living in rural areas of Poland. The analysis based on a survey “The health status of the Polish population” carried out by the Central Statistical Office (GUS). In order to assess the differences in the health status of the villagers and townsfolk’s we have examined the share of older people living in rural and urban areas in the structure of the whole population. We have also identified the measures of the health status. We have calculated, using the Sullivan method, the value of Healthy Life Expectancy, Disability Free Life Expectancy,.Chronic Disease Life for the Polish rural and urban elderly population. The study has shown, the villagers live shorter in good health (without disability and chronic diseases). Presented study allows to formulate the desirable directions of changes to improve the health status of rural population. This should lead to more effective health care in rural areas.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENT FEEDING AND HYGIENIC PRACTICES OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR AND THEIR OUTCOME IN CHILDREN BELOW 5 YEARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mothers should have access to skilled support to help them initiate and sustain appropriate feeding practices, and to prevent difficulties and overcome them when they occur. Actual aim of this study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the hygiene in the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. The aim of this work was to determine the association between household access to water, sanitation and personal hygiene practices with stunting among children. In this study, the observation was contrary to what was observed in the NFHS3. Urban area appeared better in all the aspects of breast feeding than rural area. However, breast feeding practices were still suboptimal in both the areas. This study reveals the similar pattern but magnitude is different Exclusive breastfeeding up to the age of six months is only 25% and 18% in urban and rural region respectively average is 21%.our study revealed exclusive breast feeding for 6 months Populations  had significantly low prevalence of underweight (18%), stunting (1%)  wasting (15%) and as expected against complementary food given before 6 months underweight (67%), stunting (57%). wasting (54%) and late after 6months group showed underweight (67%), stunting  (63%).and wasting (41%). As per NFHS3 36 percent are given food from at least 3 food groups (variety of food), as recommended to ensure adequate diversity in their diet. ACCORDING TO WHO 2012 In India, approximately 53% of households and 624 million people defecate in the open. Open defecation is more pervasive in rural versus urban areas (74% vs 17%).as per recent reports 2015 69%vs 19%  Open defecation is more pervasive in rural versus urban areas.  In Our study (68%Vs43%). that both urban and rural population group in which use latrine for defecation has significantly better outcome than the group in which use open field defecation. This project will support the government's efforts to promote the exclusive breastfeeding, and healthy feeding practices for infant and children aged under 5 years, as well as to bring improvement in personal hygiene. Keywords: Breast feeding, Hygienic conditions, healthy feeding practice, WHO, UNICEF

scholarly journals Food insecurity and socioeconomic, food and nutrition profile of schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas of Picos, Piauí

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jailane de Souza Aquino ◽  
Leopoldina Augusta Souza Sequeira-de-Andrade ◽  
Patrícia Elaine Bellini Alencar da Silva ◽  
Alciene Pacheco da Silva ◽  
Cid Rangel de Sousa Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity among schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas of Picos, Piauí associated with the socioeconomic profile of families and their food intake and nutritional status. Methods: Study participants were families with children aged 7-10 years enrolled in municipal schools, totaling 342 families/schoolchildren. The study was conducted at school facilities through interviews with mothers - or guardians - using a questionnaire based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and socioeconomic variables and food frequency questionnaire. The nutritional status of children was assessed using the following indexes: weight/age, height/age and body mass index/age. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was high and similar for rural and urban areas, 84.3% and 83.3%, respectively. In general, lower income and consumption of untreated water was associated with greater frequency of food insecurity (p≤0.01). In urban areas, higher percentage of food insecurity was associated to lower educational levels (p≤0.05). Dietary intake and nutritional status of schoolchildren were not associated with food insecurity condition of families. Conclusion: The percentage of families at food insecurity, as well as the food consumption and nutritional status of schoolchildren were similar between urban and rural areas, characterized as a homogeneous population in terms of socioeconomic conditions.

scholarly journals Population Access to Waste Collection Services :Urban vs Rural Areas in Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Thematic Cartography

This paper aims a comparative analysis at county level concerning urban and rural population access to sanitation services in the context of  EU accession. Partially coverage of population  to such services contributes to illegal dumping  of waste  generated and uncollected.Furthermore, waste management facilities are inappropriate, particularly in small cities or rural areas. Comparative analysis of  urban vs. rural population served by waste collection services using thematic cartography highlights on the one hand the existing disparities within a county and on the other hand reflects the regional disparities across  Romania.The demographic, socioeconomic and geographic differentiations between urban and rural areas amplify these gaps that prevent from implementation of an effective  waste management system at national scale.Thematic maps highlights that urban population is not fully covered by sanitation services while in rural areas less than half of population has access to these services.Also,in some counties, vulnerability to illegal dumping is high in both rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Exclusive breast-feeding is rarely practised in rural and urban Morogoro, Tanzania

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Restituta Shirima ◽  
Ted Greiner ◽  
Elisabeth Kylberg ◽  
Mehari Gebre-Medhin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjective:To investigate and compare feeding practices among infants of less than 7 months of age in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania.Design:Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers and focus group discussions with extension workers and community leaders.Setting:Eleven villages in a rural district and 10 wards in an urban district in the Morogoro region, Tanzania, west of Dar es Salaam.Subjects:Probability samples of mothers with infants of less than 7 months of age (n= 320 from each area).Results:Exclusive breast-feeding was rarely practised in either the rural or urban areas investigated. However, the urban mothers initiated breast-feeding earlier, discarded colostrum less frequently, breast-fed exclusively for a longer period, gave breast milk as the first feed more often and delayed the introduction of solid foods for longer than their rural counterparts. The rural mothers, on the other hand, breast-fed their previous infants slightly longer than the urban mothers.Conclusions:The better performance of urban mothers could be partly due to sustained breast-feeding support in hospital settings and other campaigns which may not have reached the rural areas. In both the rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast-feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in the case of the urban areas, to protect extended breast-feeding.

scholarly journals Improving the Regional Investment Policy Using an Integrated Programme of Rural Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-275
Author(s):  
Yulia L. Esina ◽  
Natalya M. Stepanenkova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Regional Authorities

Nowadays, authorities pay more attention to the problems of regional development, reduction of socio-economic inequality of rural and urban areas, improvement of the efficiency of the agriculture, and degradation of rural population. All those issues are considered in the state programme of the Russian Federation «Integrated Development of Rural Areas». Thus, we assess whether the goals set in the state programme were achieved and substantiate the priority areas for future investment. We hypothesise that the achievement of the goals set at the federal level depends on the quality and implementation of rural development programmes adopted at the regional level. We revealed the uneven economic, social, infrastructural development, investment imbalances in various areas, changing sources of funding in the process of problem solving, lack of clear goals of agricultural policy and statistical information on its indicators of achievement. Classification and generalisation of views of other researchers on the topic allowed us to scientifically prove the existence of social problems, income inequality between urban and rural population, poor infrastructure and insufficient funds allocated to support rural areas. Further, we developed an algorithm for comparing the main parameters of rural development in Lipetsk oblast and nearby regions, complying with the criteria set by the federal programme. Using this algorithm, we assessed the effectiveness of the measures taken. We identified the most sensitive problems to be solved for reducing territorial inequality and the lag in socio-economic development, and increasing the competitiveness and attractiveness of Lipetsk oblast in terms of living conditions and investment. Finally, we proposed and substantiated the main directions of improving the regional investment policy. Regional authorities can use the research results in the implementation of the rural development policy

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