scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DETECTION OF UROLITHIASIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RENAL COLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Narayangiri Gosavi ◽  
Virendra K Meena ◽  
Ayush Tambi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Helical Ct ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Acute Renal Colic ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Acute Flank Pain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic Ultrasonography compared to unenhanced helical CT scan in detecting urinary stones in patients with acute renal colic. This retrospective study comprised of 156 patients who undergo unenhanced urinary tract CT scan and ultrasonography for thought of urolithiasis. Both techniques were used to resolve the presence or absence, site, size, and number of urinary stones, as well as company of any other intra-abdominal pathology. For statistical analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were deliberate considering unenhanced CT scan as a gold normal. Unpaired two-tailed student’s t-test was used for judgment between mean size of true positive, false positive, and false negative stones. There were 68 patients having 115 urinary stones. Ultrasound identified 54 stones, missed 43, and falsely diagnosed 18 stones. The mean size of true positive, false positive, and false negative stones were 4.8 ± 3.3 mm, 6 ± 1.8 mm and 4.18 ± 3 mm, respectively. There were 23 patients with other intra-abdominal pathologies, equally detected by both techniques. Ultrasound helped in identifying the cause of acute flank pain in 62% of cases. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and correctness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal stone disease were 58%, 91%, 79%, 78%, and 78%, respectively. Our study suggests that, despite its limited value in detecting urinary stones, ultrasonography should be performed as an initial assessment in patients with acute flank pain. Unenhanced helical CT should be reserved for patients in whom ultrasonography is uncertain. Keywords: Ultrasonography, CT scan

scholarly journals An assessment of chromosomal alterations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation in pancreatobiliary tract malignancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Pu ◽  
Hongwei Zheng ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Qing Ye ◽  
Zhiwen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
9P21 Locus ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to detect any gain of chromosomes 3, 7, or 17 and loss of the 9p21 locus has been proven to be sensitive in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary tumors. However, both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatobiliary tumors. Therefore, it is unknown whether this method is suitable for Chinese patients with pancreatobiliary tumors. This study aims to compare the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy of cytology, ERCP/MRCP and FISH based on Chinese patients with pancreatobiliary tumors,and to analyze differences between brushing-based and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-based FISH. Methods A total of 66 brush cytology specimens obtained during ERCP were detected by FISH and cytology test respectively to compare the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy. Besides, FFPE-based FISH was performed on 46 corresponding paraffin sections of pancreatobiliary tumors obtained by surgical resection. Results Our findings demonstrate that FISH greatly improves diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value compared to ERCP/MRCP and cytology without much reduction in specificity and positive predictive value. However, our results also indicate that FFPE-based FISH could not effectively identify the false-negative of brushing-based FISH. Conclusions We believe that FISH can effectively distinguish true positive and false positive results of cytological or radiological suspicions of malignancy. However, FFPE-based FISH still does not precisely recognize the false-negative of brushing-based FISH. Both cytology-based and PPFE-based FISH had limitation in some specimens.

The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of talocalcaneal coalitions

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512094491
Author(s):  
Tiezheng Wang ◽  
Hengtao Qi ◽  
Kai Rong ◽  
Shuqian Zhang ◽  
Shougang Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Reduced Space ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background Patients with talocalcaneal coalitions (TCC) often undergo computed tomography (CT). However, ultrasonography diagnosis of TCC has been seldom done according to the literature. Purpose To investigate the accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosing TCC compared to CT. Material and Methods Ninety-seven consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of TCC were included. Ultrasonography was used to assess the classification and complication of TCC. The main sonographic criteria for a positive diagnosis in cases of osseous coalition were the joint space between the medial surface of talar head and the underlying sustentaculum tali of calcaneus disappearing and being replaced by a continuous hyperechoic bony structure. In cases of fibrous coalition, ultrasonography revealed a reduced space of the joint associated with an irregular, angular appearance of its outline and hypoechoic fibrous tissue inside. These data were compared with CT findings. κ statistic was applied to determine the level of agreement. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and Youden index of ultrasonography as a diagnostic method were assessed. Results Ultrasonography findings were positive in 20 of 97 patients with a clinical suspicion of TCC. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT in 21 patients. There were one false-positive result and two false-negative results by ultrasonography. The κ value was 0.907. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and Youden index of ultrasonography were 90.5%, 98.7%, 95.0%, 97.4%, 96.9%, and 0.892, respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonography could be a reliable, accurate, and non-radioactive diagnostic imaging method in diagnosis of patients with suspected TCC.

scholarly journals Prediction of Extrathyroidal Extension Using Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doh Young Lee ◽  
Tack-Kyun Kwon ◽  
Myung-Whun Sung ◽  
Kwang Hyun Kim ◽  
J. Hun Hah
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Extrathyroidal Extension ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Preoperative Prediction ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Thyroid Capsule

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of high-resolution ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scan for preoperative prediction of the extrathyroidal extension (ETE).Methods. We analyzed the medical records of 377 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with preoperative US and CT scan to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of characteristics imaging features (such as contact and disruption of thyroid capsule) for the presence of ETE in postoperative pathologic examination. We also evaluated the diagnostic power for several combinations of US and CT findings.Results. ETE was present in 174 (46.2%) based on pathologic reports. The frequency of ETE was greater in the patients with greater degrees of tumor contact and disruption of capsule, as revealed by both US and CT scans (positive predictive value of 72.2% and 81.8%, resp.). Considering positive predictive values and AUC of US and CT categories, separately or combined, a combination of US and CT findings was most accurate for predicting ETE (83.0%, 0.744).Conclusions. This study suggests that ETE can be predicted most accurately by a combination of categories based on the findings of US and CT scans.

scholarly journals Comparing Predictive power of CT-scan Findings among the Malignant Hepatic Mass patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Wahida Begum ◽  
Ahmed Hossain ◽  
Waziha A Jahan ◽  
Mahbuba Shirin ◽  
M Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hepatic Mass ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: CT-scan is useful for the detection of hepatic mass. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the predictive values of CT scan in the diagnosis of malignant hepatic mass. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka during the period of 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2007. Patients admitted in the Department of Medicine and Department of Hepatobiliary of MMCH, BSMMU, and DMCH with the clinical diagnosis of fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, jaundice, weight loss and ascites were selected as study population. CT scan and histopathology were performed to all the patients. Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited for this study.. The sensitivity for multiplicity was 71.4%, specificity was 63.6%, accuracy was 68%, PPV was 71.4% and NPV was 63.6%. The sensitivity for hypodensity as a sign of malignancy was 60.7%, specificity was 18.2%, accuracy was 42.0%, PPV was 48.6% and NPV was 26.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of contrast enhancement were 100.0%, 22.7%, 62.2%, 100.0% and 66.0% respectively. Again the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of pressure effect on biliary apparatus by CT-scan were 100.0%, 22.7%, 62.2%, 100.0% and 66.0% respectively. Again the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of Lymphadenopathy by CT-scan were 35.7%, 95.5%, 90.9%, 53.8% and 62.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of Portal vein invasion by CT-scan were 14.3%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 47.8% and 52.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of hepatic vein invasion by CT-scan were 10.7%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 46.8% and 50.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of inferior vena cava (IVC) invasion by CT-scan were 7.1%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 45.8% and 48.0% respectively. Conclusion: CT is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of malignant hepatic masses.Journal of Science Foundation, 2014;12(1):2-6

Variability of Imaging Modalities for Acute Flank Pain in the UK

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
BW Turney ◽  
SR Keoghane
Keyword(s):  
Renal Colic ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Acute Renal Colic ◽  
Unenhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Flank Pain ◽  
The Uk

The lifetime prevalence of acute renal colic in the UK has recently been estimated at around 11% and over 80,000 patients per year attend hospital in England with suspected renal colic. This leads to 1–2 presentations of acute flank pain every day to each hospital in the country. Rapid diagnosis will facilitate appropriate management. historically, intravenous urography (IVU) was the 'gold standard' investigation but this has been replaced in recent years by unenhanced computed tomography (CT-KUB). this has well-documented advantages over IVU as the imaging modality of choice in acute flank pain but is still not standard practice in all UK hospitals. the aim of this study was to establish the practical arrangements for imaging suspected stone disease in the UK.

scholarly journals Comparison of Five Methods for the Determination of Rubella Immunity

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Robert L. Sautter ◽  
Arthur E. Crist ◽  
Lynn M. Johnson ◽  
William D. LeBar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Walk Away ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Research Triangle ◽  
System A ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of commonly used methods for the detection of rubella immunity, especially the fully automated IMx assay.Methods:A total of 190 sera (101 immune and 89 non-immune) submitted to Harrisburg Hospital or Polyclinic Medical Center for the determination of rubella immunity were tested by enzyme immunoassay (IMx and Rubazyme, Abbott Diagnostic Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), indirect immunofluorescence (FIAX, Whittaker Bioproducts, Walkersville, MD), and latex agglutination (Rubascan, Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD, and Rubalex, Wellcome Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, NC). Specimens were frozen at –30℃ until the study was initiated. Each of the assays was performed according to the manufacturers' specifications. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values for each assay were calculated using a consensus result of the 5 methods tested.Results:The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, of the test systems were as follows: IMx, 96%, 97%, and 96%; Rubazyme, 100%, 99%, and 99%; Rubascan, 100%, 98%, and 99%; Rubalex, 99%, 97%, and 98%; and FIAX 90%, 100%, and 95%. False negative reactions were seen with the FIAX system.Conclusions:The IMx system, a new “walk away” system from Abbott Diagnostic Laboratories and the Rubazyme systems performed well; however the latex agglutination tests proved to be the most rapid and convenient methods for screening sera for the presence of rubella immunity.

scholarly journals Correlating Pap Smear Results and Colposcopy-Directed Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone Histopathology in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women: A Case-Control Study in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Louis-J. van Bogaert
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Transformation Zone ◽  
Large Loop ◽  
Cytological Abnormality ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Minimal Abnormality

Background. In low-resource settings (LRS) with high HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer rates, new screening strategies face many logistic hurdles. Since cytology is there to stay, at least in the median-term future, it is important to assess to what extent HIV-HPV coinfection impacts the accuracy of screening methods and strategies. Methods. We audited the correlation between cytological diagnosis of minimal abnormality (CIN1), CIN2+, or cancer and the histological diagnosis of colposcopy-directed large loop excision of the transformation zone of 399 HIV-uninfected controls and 389 HIV-infected cases. Results. The average age at diagnosis of CIN2+ of the cases was 4.2 years younger than controls (). The endpoint used to assess the accuracy of cytology was minimal cytological abnormality (≤CIN1/LGSIL). The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 92.7, 18.5, 45.1, and 77.9%, respectively. The overall ratio of discordance/concordance between cytology and histology was similar in both groups. Conclusion. In LRS, where rapid-HPV testing is not yet part of screening algorithms, a cytological diagnosis of minimal abnormality requires visual inspection and treatment of visualized lesions especially in HIV-infected women aged 30 years. The cytological endpoint of accuracy should be set low to avoid false negative smears.

Evaluation of the EYTEX® System as a Screening Method for the Ocular Irritancy of Chemical Products

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Jean-François Régnier ◽  
Christophe Imbert ◽  
Jean-Charles Boutonnet
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dangerous Substances ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Interlaboratory Reproducibility

The EYTEX® method is an in vitro test used to predict ocular irritation, based on alterations in a protein matrix. We have evaluated this method with the aim of using it to screen chemicals. One hundred and forty-two products (commodities and specialities), having a wide range of chemical properties and ocular irritation potential in the rabbit, were tested with either the standard, MPA, AMA, KMA or UMA protocols. The results were compared with in vivo data obtained previously for each chemical and with the EEC labelling of eye irritation for dangerous substances. Intralaboratory repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility were evaluated with seven other laboratories. Ninety-three per cent of the chemicals tested were qualified with the EYTEX method. The coefficients of the linear correlation between the EYTEX score and the maximal Draize score on the one hand and the maximal corneal score on the other hand, were 0.69 and 0.65, respectively. Compared to the EEC classification, the labelling of dangerous substances and for the prediction of severe irritants, sensitivity, specificity and equivalence were 94%, 89% and 78%, respectively. We observed nine false positives (22%) and two false negatives (2%) for the identification of R41-, R34- and R35-labelled products. The predictive values, for identifying R41, R34 and R35 products and non-irritants or R36 products were 78% and 97%, respectively. Repeatability (6.3) and reproducibility (8.9) were quite satisfactory. The EYTEX system exhibits the characteristics of a good screening method: compatibility with a large range of chemicals; a simple and rapid procedure; good intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility; cost effectiveness; high sensitivity, specificity and predictive value; and a low incidence of false negative and false positive results. Based on these results, we consider the EYTEX method to be a valuable tool for the screening of eye irritancy.

scholarly journals Scanned versus Fused-Reconstructed Oblique MR-Images for Assessment of the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis—Diagnostic PerFormance and Reader Agreement

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hannes Seuss ◽  
Matthias Hammon ◽  
Frank Roemer ◽  
Rafael Heiss ◽  
Rolf Janka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Tibiofibular Syndesmosis ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Tibiofibular Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Oblique Images

To evaluate the diagnostic performance and reader agreement of a novel MRI image fusion method enabling the reconstruction of oblique images for the assessment of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. We evaluated 40 magnetic resonance imaging examinations of patients with ankle sprains (16 with ruptures and 24 without) for the presence of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament rupture. For all patients, we performed a fusion of standard two-dimensional transversal and coronal 3 mm PDw TSE images into an oblique-fusion reconstruction (OFR) and compared these against conventionally scanned oblique sequence for the evaluation of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. To evaluate diagnostic performance, two expert readers independently read the OFR images twice. We analyzed sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, accuracy, and agreement. Reader 1 misinterpreted one OFR as a false negative, demonstrating a sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 1.00, reader 2 demonstrated perfect accuracy. Intrareader agreement was almost perfect for reader 1 (α = 0.95) and was perfect for reader 2 (α = 1.00). Additionally, interreader agreement between all fusion sequence reads was almost perfect (α = 0.97). The proposed OFR enables reliable detection of anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament rupture with excellent inter- and intrareader agreement, making conventional scanning of oblique images redundant and supplies a method to retroactively create oblique images, e.g., from external examinations.

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