ASSOCIATION OF HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS OF TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common metabolic disorder leading to various complications including micro-vascular complication. Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction can result in abnormalities of one another, as both are strongly implicated in cellular metabolism. Aim of study was to establish any association between hypothyroidism and micro-vascular complications in patients of type 2 DM. Material and Methods: This Hospital based Cross sectional analytical Study was included 80 Euthyroid and 80 hypothyroid patients of type 2 DM. These patients were subjected to fundus examination (for retinopathy), urine for spot albumin and creatinine ratio and routine microscopy (for nephropathy), clinical examination and NCV (for neuropathy). Results: Age of patients ranged from 30 – 80 years. Most patients had duration of Diabetes > 5 years. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 15% Euthyroid and 37.5% Hypothyroid diabetics (p=0.002). Neuropathy was more in Hypothyroid (35%) as compared to Euthyroid (12.5%) patients (p=0.003). Prevalence of Nephropathy was also significantly more (p=0.011) in Hypothyroids (60%) as compared to Euthyroid (38.75%). Conclusion: Significant association was found between hypothyroidism and micro vascular complications in type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Screening of diabetics for thyroid functions is essential to reduce morbidity. Keywords: Diabetes, thyroid, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy

Download Full-text

Correlation Between HbA1c and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung ◽

10.15395/mkb.v52n3.2013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 125-130

Author(s):

Jesika Merlin ◽

Pusparini

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

The Mean

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), glycemic control plays an essential role in reducing macro- and microvascular complications. The earliest marker for diabetic nephropathy is the presence of albuminuria. Meanwhile, HbA1c has been recognized as a marker of glycemic control in the blood. This study aimed to identify the correlation between HbA1c and albuminuria in type 2 DM. This was a cross-sectional study involving 100 patients with type 2 DM aged 40–70 years visiting Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Secondary data from medical records of type 2 DM patients undergoing HbA1c and albuminuria examinations from January to December 2015 were used. The mean age of subjects was 55.4 ±8.7 years, with the majority (55%) being of female gender. The mean HbA1c concentration was 9.8±2.4%. Most subjects (83%) had an HbA1c level of ≥7 %. Albuminuria was found in the majority of the subjects (78%), where 33% of them had positive 1 albuminuria. The Spearman correlation test showed a positive strong significant correlation between HbA1c and albuminuria, with r=0.865 and p<0.001. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between HbA1c and albuminuria in type 2 DM.

Download Full-text

Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Duration with The Occurrence of Erectile Dysfunction at Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I

Indonesian Andrology and Biomedical Journal ◽

10.20473/iabj.v2i1.45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Alexander Petra Sihite ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Pramesemara ◽

I Wayan Surudarma

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that characterized by high blood sugar levels. This condition is often not noticed immediately and usually patient starting to realize it when complications have been occurred. A long-term complication of type 2 DM that occurred in men is erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is a condition when a person is unable to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse. One factor that influence the occurrence of ED and its severity in type 2 DM patients is the duration of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of type 2 DM duration and the occurrence of ED. Methods: This study is an observational analytic cross-sectional study conducted at the Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Denpasar Barat I. The research data was obtained through medical record data and fill the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire on 36 type 2 DM patients aged around 40-60 years. The statistical analysis used was Fisher's exact test. Results: The results showed that of the 36 samples, 19 (52.8%) samples had type 2 DM <24 months and 17 (47.2%) samples had type 2 DM >24 months. It was found that 5 (13.9%) samples did not experience ED while the rest experienced ED with different severity. There was a significant relationship between the type 2 DM duration and the occurrence of erectile dysfunction at Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Study has found that type 2 DM patients with the longer duration (>24 months) have a higher occurrence of ED and tended to be more severe compared to those with shorter duration (<24 months). Further studies should be performed with higher number of patients and more controlled risk factor so it will be more accurate in determining the relationship between the duration of type 2 DM and ED.

Download Full-text

Deregulated profiles of urinary microRNAs may explain podocyte injury and proximal tubule dysfunction in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-2017-000556 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 747-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Oana Milas ◽

Florica Gadalean ◽

Adrian Vlad ◽

Victor Dumitrascu ◽

Cristina Gluhovschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Proximal Tubule ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Podocyte Injury ◽

Podocyte Damage ◽

Type 2 Dm

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA species that are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The aim of the study was to establish a potential explanation of podocyte damage and proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction induced by deregulated miRNAs expression in the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 68 patients with type 2 DM and 11 healthy subjects were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and assessed concerning urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamininidase (NAG), urinary kidney injury molecule-1, urinary nephrin, podocalyxin, synaptopodin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary miRNA21, miRNA124, and miRNA192. In univariable regression analysis, miRNA21, miRNA124, and miRNA192 correlated with urinary nephrin, synaptopodin, podocalyxin, NAG, KIM-1, UACR, and eGFR. Multivariable regression analysis yielded models in which miRNA192 correlated with synaptopodin, uNAG, and eGFR (R2=0.902; P<0.0001), miRNA124 correlated with synaptopodin, uNAG, UACR, and eGFR (R2=0.881; P<0.0001), whereas miRNA21 correlated with podocalyxin, uNAG, UACR, and eGFR (R2=0.882; P<0.0001). Urinary miRNA192 expression was downregulated, while urinary miRNA21 and miRNA124 expressions were upregulated. In patients with type 2 DM, there is an association between podocyte injury and PT dysfunction, and miRNA excretion, even in the normoalbuminuria stage. This observation documents a potential role of the urinary profiles of miRNA21, miRNA124, and miRNA192 in early DN. Despite their variability across the segments of the nephron, urinary miRNAs may be considered as a reliable tool for the identification of novel biomarkers in order to characterize the genetic pattern of podocyte damage and PT dysfunction in early DN of type 2 DM.

Download Full-text

PERBANDINGAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PADA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DENGAN KOMPLIKASI VASKULAR DAN TANPA KOMPLIKASI VASKULAR DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4153 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nina S Widiarto ◽

Jimmy Posangi ◽

Arthur Mongan ◽

Maya Memah

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Platelet Count ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Vascular Complication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease which has increased from year to year. Type 2 diabetes has the highest number of cases. There is a change in platelet count in type 2 diabetes. The change in platelet count can lead to vascular complications in DM. This was a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional design by using the medical record data of type 2 diabetic patients in the outpatient department of Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were 72 patients; 36 patients with vascular complications and 36 patients without vascular complications. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test to determine the ratio of the platelet count in patient with type 2 diabetes patient with and without vascular complication, with α = 0.05. The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no significant difference in platelet count among patients with type 2 diabetes, with and without vascular complication (P = 0.051). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the platelet count of type 2 diabetes patients with and without vascular complication.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, vascular complication, platelet countAbstrak: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang semakin meningkat jumlahnya dari tahun ke tahun. Jenis DM yang paling banyak kasusnya ialah DM tipe 2. Pada DM tipe 2 terjadi perubahan jumlah trombosit, yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya komplikasi vaskular pada DM. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan rancang penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan data rekam medik pasien DM tipe 2 yang rawat jalan di RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado. Subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi berjumlah 72 pasien; 36 pasien dengan komplikasi vaskular dan 36 pasien tanpa komplikasi vaskular. Hasil penelitian diuji menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah trombosit pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan komplikasi vaskular dan tanpa komplikasi vascular, α = 0,05. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jumlah trombosit tidak bermakna antara pasien DM tipe 2 dengan komplikasi vaskular dan tanpa komplikasi vaskular (p=0,051). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah trombosit pada pada DM tipe 2 dengan komplikasi vaskular dan tanpa komplikasi vaskular.Kata kunci: DM tipe 2, komplikasi vaskular, jumlah trombosit

Download Full-text

The observational, cross-sectional study of drug utilization 90% and use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2376

Author(s):

Prashant P. Shivgunde ◽

Shantanu R. Joshi ◽

Archana D. Kodilkar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Drug Utilization ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Multiple Drugs

Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which affects the quality of life. It leads to multiple complications due to metabolic involvement. Out of multiple drugs used to treat diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are comparatively new drugs used for type-2-diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment. This study aimed to find out the drug utilization (DU) 90% and use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type-2-DM.Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at a private healthcare clinic of an endocrinologist in Nashik. Type-2-DM patients of both sexes were selected and a total of 199 patients were enrolled in the study. The consented patients were interviewed and prescription copies were collected. After studying them; statistical analysis was done and results and conclusions were drawn.Results: Out of total prescribed drugs, 58.77% of drugs were anti-diabetics. It was observed that the biguanides were most frequently (25.32%) prescribed while the least prescribed drugs were meglitinide analogues (0.08%). Most commonly utilized anti-diabetic found to be metformin. Vildagliptin 50 mg is the most commonly prescribed drug from DPP-4 inhibitors. Most of the drugs from the DPP-4 inhibitor group came under DU90%.Conclusions:DPP-4 inhibitors are showing wide acceptability by endocrinologists for type-2-DM management, according to this study. Performing repetitive drug utilization pattern study and circulation of standard treatment guidelines to practising physicians can be required. To emphasize the point on generic prescription, more awareness should be created. So that these can responses to further cost-effective and rational prescribing practices.

Download Full-text

Cutaneous manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal controls

Journal of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.25259/jsstd_47_2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Sangeetha Roslind ◽

Kunnummal Muhammed ◽

K. G. Sajeeth Kumar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Normal Controls

Objectives: The objectives of the study were (1) to study the cutaneous manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in comparison to normal subjects and (2) to document the association between cutaneous manifestations and complications of DM. Materials and Methods: In this 1-year comparative cross-sectional study, 100 patients receiving treatment at the diabetic clinic of a tertiary center were evaluated for cutaneous manifestations and complications due to diabetes. The cutaneous features in diabetics were compared with that of normal controls. An attempt was made to find out any association between cutaneous features of DM and internal organ involvement due to diabetes. Results: Cutaneous manifestations were more frequent in patients with type 2 DM than normal controls. The most common manifestation in diabetics was fungal infection followed by bacterial infection. Diabetic dermopathy was found to have statistically significant association with nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy due to type 2 DM. Limitations: Limited sample size and study confined to a tertiary referral center. Conclusions: Dermatology manifestations provide important clues of prognostic significance in type 2 DM.

Download Full-text

Associations of serum uric acid level with diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520963980 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 030006052096398

Author(s):

Lin Hou ◽

Yingzhou Shi ◽

Sichao Wang ◽

Qing Chen ◽

Qiu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Type 2 Dm

Objectives To analyze the associations of serum uric acid (SUA) level with diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Three hundred eighty-nine inpatients with type 2 DM were included in this retrospective analysis. Nonmydriatic fundus cameras were used to identify DR. Urinary albumin creatinine ratio was used to identify DN. Patients were divided into four groups according to SUA quartiles. Results The prevalences of DR and albuminuria increased with increasing SUA level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, following adjustment for other risk factors, higher levels of SUA (Q3 and Q4) were associated with greater risk for DR, compared with the lower level (Q1) (odds ratio [OR]: 3.056, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.506–6.198; OR: 3.417, 95% CI: 1.635–7.139, respectively). Moreover, higher levels of SUA (Q2, Q3, and Q4) were associated with greater risk for albuminuria (OR: 2.418, 95% CI: 1.059–5.522; OR: 7.233, 95% CI: 3.145–16.635; and OR: 8.911, 95% CI: 3.755–21.147, respectively). Conclusions SUA level was independently associated with DR and albuminuria in patients with type 2 DM. Elevated SUA level might be predictive for the occurrence of DR and DN.

Download Full-text

Targeting risk factors: a feasible way for prevention of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/2072-0351-5546 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

Irina Vladimirovna Kononenko ◽

Olga Mikhailovna Smirnova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Large Scale ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Controlled Evaluation ◽

Multifactorial Approach ◽

Glucose Lowering Therapy

The article addresses challenges in the prevention of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and discusses necessity of multifactorial approach to management of these conditions. We present results of a large-scale ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation) trial that elucidates the combined influence of antihypertensive and of intensive glucose-lowering therapy on the risk of development of micro- and macrovascular complications of T2DM

Download Full-text

Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Jaringan Laboratorium Medis ◽

10.31983/jlm.v3i2.8026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

Linda Ramadhanti ◽

Devi Etivia Purlinda

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Acid Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Exercise Activity

Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for about 90% of all diabetes cases worldwide. Type 2 DM is caused by the body's inability to respond well to insulin or called insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia which results in decreased uric acid excretion function in the kidney tubules, so that there will be an increase in uric acid in the blood or hyperuricemia. Type of research including descriptive with cross sectional approach. The examination was carried out at Dr. Adhyatma, MPH. The research respondents were 24 people, uric acid levels were examined with a TMS 50i Superior device. The data obtained is processed and presented in the form of diagrams and percentages. Type 2 DM respondents numbered 24 people. The highest hyperuricemia is based on the characteristics of the respondents, those are above 55 years old (25%), female sex (25%), high blood pressure (25%), and exercise activity 1x / day (21%). Of the 24 respondents, 14 people (58.3%) had normal uric acid levels and 10 people (41.6%) had hyperuricemia, with an average female uric acid value of 5.54 mg / dL and men of 6,48 mg / dL.

Download Full-text

Correlation between Immature Platelet Fraction and Platelet Aggregation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cardiovascular Complications

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Amanah Anindita ◽

Dharma Lindarto ◽

Herman Hariman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Life Time ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Immature Platelet Fraction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherothrombosis is a common complication of diabetes. There are several markers that can be used to see and monitor changes in the thrombosis and coagulation processes in DM patients, including the platelet index, platelet aggregation and D-dimer. To determine the correlation between immature platelet fraction with platelet aggregation in type 2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular complications. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 30 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular complications will be tested for IPF and Platelet aggregation. Of the 30 patients, the mean IPF was 5.83 ± 1.55 %. From the analysis of Correlation found a significant relationship between the value of IPF with Platelet aggregation on ADP 5 μM and ADP 10 μM (r = 0.68; p <0.05), (r = 0.73; p <0.05) in type 2 DM patients with cardiovascular complications. In type-2 diabetes mellitus, there is a decrease in platelet life time and increased platelet turnover resulting immature platelets that are more reactive, where it will be easier for atherothrombosis. Platelet aggregation is a process where platelets adhere to each other at the site of vascular injury, which serves for the formation of a hemostatic plug and thrombosis. There is a significant correlation between the value of IPF with platelet aggregation in patients with type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular complications. Keywords: IPF, Platelet Aggregation, Type-2 DM.

Download Full-text