The Role of Foreign Participationin Soviet Industrialization: An Institutional View

2015 ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Korneychuk
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Institutional View

The foreign participation in USSR industrialization is considered to be a factor of institutional development of Soviet society. The paper considers the intellectual contribution of foreign specialists in the creation of important industrial projects. Foreign businessmen and specialists had considerable difficulties in their activity under influence of hostile institutional environment. Nevertheless, their professional success demonstrated the advantages of capitalism and conduced to dangerous spread of capitalist values into working class consciousness. Using repressions and propaganda, communist leaders institutionalized isolationism, i.e. watchful attitude to Western countries and belief in ability to solve any economic problem relying upon internal resources.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE INNOVATIVE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF A «RESOURCE REGION» (THE CASE OF THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
И. Пыжев ◽  
I. Pyzhev
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms

<p>Economy of the so-called «resource» regions of Russia is characterized by the predominant role of a relatively small number of large enterprises with low added value. At the same time, the modern institutional environment for entrepreneurs in Russia is clearly unfriendly and costly. Sustainable growth of regional or national economy, if measured quantitatively, cannot be achieved without the institutional changes of innovative character. Innovative economic growth in a resource region, such as the Krasnoyarsk region, should be based on the methodology of institutional design with the help of institutional development strategy. It is possible to create an institutional environment that will not aggravate the contradictions between the interests of its subjects but will balance these interests. The contradictions between formal and informal norms should be neutralized by increasing the efficiency of enforcement mechanisms; positive institutional change should be accelerated by developing minimal-consumption goods, stimulating producers to innovative activity by maintaining competitive opportunities, encouraging regulative organs to ensure effective production supervision.</p>

scholarly journals Institutions and Firms’ Performance in Transition Countries: The Case of Selected Cesee Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Aralica ◽  
Tonci Svilokos ◽  
Katarina Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Framework Development

Abstract Institutional reforms in the countries of Central Eastern and South Eastern Europe (CESEE) brought about a redefinition of the role of the state, the market and the business sector. We assess the effects of various dimensions of the institutional environment on the labour productivity of manufacturing firms in selected CESEE countries by employing a multilevel model. Our findings reveal that the curbing of corruption and the provision of inter-industrial externalities through the development of a commercial and professional infrastructure have beneficial effects on firm productivity. At the same time, a stricter political and legal framework and the provision of R&D infrastructure have an adverse effect. Such a finding is typical for producers of standardised products in countries with low levels of legal framework development for which R&D and legal adjustments incur cost disadvantages. The implication is that institutional development should be accompanied by a strengthening of firms’ absorptive capacity in order for businesses to benefit from such changes

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL ECOSYSTEM AS A NEW PARADIGM OF NATURE MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
O. RUBEL ◽  
А. AGHAYEV ◽  
MOFTAH А. KALED A ASALAM ◽  
A.A. ZHIKHAREVA ◽  
N. REZNICHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Status ◽  
Institutional Model

Topicality. The non-institutional methodology of environmental management based on the formation of the “institutional ecosystem” has been considered and scientifically substantiated. The scientific categories that provide its methodological integrity are substantiated: “institutional dominants”, “replicates”, “institutional players”, decomposition of these concepts within the framework of modern economic-ecological and neo-institutional theory, its connection in the context of the formation the national institutional model of eco-management. A number of institutional innovations (replicates) have also been proposed, in particular the requirements for updating Annex XXX to the EU - UA Association Agreement in the context of the development of the national eco-management system.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to discuss the challenge to institutional development for institutional ecosystem as a new paradigm of nature management development.Research results. Institutional ecosystem - a dynamic, balanced, sustainable, self-replicating, regulated system that is "comfortable" for the entities of institutional relationships that transact with each other, is also a source of institutional ecosystem formation (role of the entity), involved in its formation , development, regulation (through the formation of institutional discourse), consumption (through the use of part of the institutional environment under its influence) and acting on principles: Institutional prediction based on the transformation of institutional dominance; -Replication (timely exit from the "comfort zone" for institutional transformations and system fertility at different hierarchical levels; Incubation - ensuring the completeness of the institutional cycle. There is an institutional ecosystem equilibrium balance between institutional rules (dominant), conditions (subdominants). However, this situation is short-lived: In the current context, institutional dominance is changing rapidly. And the institutional ecosystem has to “adjust” internal institutional conditions (subdominants) in order to obtain a state of equilibrium (institutional homeostasis).Conclusion. 1. The ecosystem, as a scientific category used in economics, is primarily characterized by internal dynamics and development under the influence of internal and external factors. 2. The ecosystem is seen as a network consisting of elements, some of which are the largest and define ecosystem health; it is defined by the relevant dominant. 3. Cooperative and mutual aid processes play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems, regardless of the status and capabilities of their participants. This approach is completely in line with the basic tenet of the non-institutional economy on the support and role of "weak links".

Institutional Support of Innovation Development of Economy «Resources of the Region» on the example of Krasnoyarsk Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
I. S. Pyzhev ◽  
E. N. Tanenkova
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Region ◽  
Resource Type

In the article, on the example of Krasnoyarsk region, it is shown that the key problem of the economy «resource» Russian regions - the dominant role of a relatively small number of large enterprises with low add provided value. At the same time, the modern institutional environment for business in Russia and of a region, is clearly unfriendly and costly. It is shown that using of methodology of institutional design through the development and implementation of a strategy for institutional development to address the challenges of providing high quality, innovative economic growth in the region «resource type» on the example of Krasnoyarsk region.

Convergence of Corporate Governance Models

2004 ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
Changing Role

The article focuses on the analysis of the process of convergence of outsider and insider models of corporate governance. Chief characteristics of basic and intermediate systems of corporate governance as well as the changing role of its main agents are under examination. Globalization of financial and commodity markets, convergence of legal systems, an open exchange of ideas and information are the driving forces of the convergence of basic systems of corporate governance. However the convergence does not imply the unification of institutional environment and national institutions of corporate governance.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

A Systems Approach to Voluntary CSR Reporting: The Role of Internal Resources

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Mahmoudian ◽  
Jamal A. Nazari ◽  
Irene M. Herremans
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Csr Reporting

Reinterpreting ‘the Mason Court Revolution’: An Historical Institutionalist Account of Judge-Driven Constitutional Transformation in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Theunis Roux
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Development ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Exogenous Shock

There have been two major periods of judge-driven constitutional transformation in Australia. The first spanned the High Court's successful transformation over the course of the last century of the strongly federalist 1901 Constitution into a weakly federalist one. The second took the form of what is generally thought to have been the less than fully realized ‘Mason Court revolution’ – the Court's attempt, from 1987-1995, to turn the Constitution into a device for expressing core Australian political values. What explains these different outcomes – why was the first transformation so successful and the second only partially achieved? This article proposes an answer to this question based on a generalisable account of the role of constitutional courts in processes of constitutional transformation. In short, the argument is that the seminal Engineers decision triggered a self-reinforcing trajectory of institutional development that led to a stable politico-legal equilibrium by the middle of the last century. The judges responsible for the second attempted transformation sought to break free of this equilibrium in order to respond to what they thought were pressing social needs. In the absence of a significant exogenous shock to the system, however, the equilibrium structured and constrained what they were able to do.

The History of ‘the Reading Public’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Collini
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Reading Matter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Victorian Periodicals

This chapter argues that accounts of ‘the reading public’ are always fundamentally historical, usually involving stories of ‘growth’ or ‘decline’. It examines Q. D. Leavis’s Fiction and the Reading Public, which builds a relentlessly pessimistic critique of the debased standards of the present out of a highly selective account of literature and its publics since the Elizabethan period. It goes on to exhibit the complicated analysis of the role of previous publics in F. R. Leavis’s revisionist literary history, including his ambivalent admiration for the great Victorian periodicals. And it shows how Richard Hoggart’s The Uses of Literacy carries an almost buried interpretation of social change from the nineteenth century onwards, constantly contrasting the vibrant and healthy forms of entertainment built up in old working-class communities with the slick, commercialized reading matter introduced by post-1945 prosperity.

scholarly journals Between Pleasure and Resistance: The Role of Substance Consumption in an Italian Working-Class Subculture

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Placido
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Youth Cultures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
North Western

In this article I discuss how illegal substance consumption can act as a tool of resistance and as an identity signifier for young people through a covert ethnographic case study of a working-class subculture in Genoa, North-Western Italy. I develop my argument through a coupled reading of the work of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) and more recent post-structural developments in the fields of youth studies and cultural critical criminology. I discuss how these apparently contrasting lines of inquiry, when jointly used, shed light on different aspects of the cultural practices of specific subcultures contributing to reflect on the study of youth cultures and subcultures in today’s society and overcoming some of the ‘dead ends’ of the opposition between the scholarly categories of subculture and post-subculture. In fact, through an analysis of the sites, socialization processes, and hedonistic ethos of the subculture, I show how within a single subculture there could be a coexistence of: resistance practices and subversive styles of expression as the CCCS research program posits; and signs of fragmentary and partial aesthetic engagements devoid of political contents and instead primarily oriented towards the affirmation of the individual, as argued by the adherents of the post-subcultural position.

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