Innovations and culture: Importance of the analysis methodology

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Tambovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Culture Influence

The paper is devoted to the analysis of conclusiveness of assertions that national cultural values influence the levels of national and regional economies, firms, and individuals innovative activity. These assertions are based on correlations between societal values and some innovative activity indicators, while presumable mechanisms of that impact are not described and empirically verified. It is shown that national culture representation by societal values is irrelevant, whereby any statements about culture influence on innovations appear unjustified. It means that additional studies relaying on different culture representations are necessary to understand what exactly and how components of national culture affect innovations.

National Culture, Societal Values, and Type of Economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guilherme Leitão Dantas ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira ◽  
Fernando Manuel Valente
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
The Relationship

We analyze the relationship between cultural values, societal values and the type of the economy with necessity-driven, opportunity-driven and improvement-driven entrepreneurship. We take into account GEM's data from 56 countries. These reports are also used to characterize the three types of entrepreneurship, the societal values and the type of economy. We approach national culture through the five dimensions of Hofstede's work on cultural values using the Values Survey Module 2013 (based on Hofstede's work). Cultural values marginally explain necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. In turn, societal values only explain improvement-driven entrepreneurship. Finally, the type of economy is important in explaining necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, however it is of no added value in explaining improvement-driven opportunity. One needs to be cautious when drawing general conclusions as we believe that societal values are failing to capture differences among the types of entrepreneurship analyzed.

scholarly journals On “Nationology”: The Gravitational Field of National Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110447
Author(s):  
Plamen Akaliyski ◽  
Christian Welzel ◽  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Michael Minkov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Phenomenon ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Nations have been questioned as meaningful units for analyzing culture due to their allegedly limited variance-capturing power and large internal heterogeneity. Against this skepticism, we argue that culture is by definition a collective phenomenon and focusing on individual differences contradicts the very concept of culture. Through the “miracle of aggregation,” we can eliminate random noise and arbitrary variation at the individual level in order to distill the central cultural tendencies of nations. Accordingly, we depict national culture as a gravitational field that socializes individuals into the orbit of a nation’s central cultural tendency. Even though individuals are also exposed to other gravitational forces, subcultures in turn gravitate within the limited orbit of their national culture. Using data from the World Values Survey, we show that individual values cluster in concentric circles around their nation’s cultural gravity center. We reveal the miracle of aggregation by demonstrating that nations capture the bulk of the variation in the individuals’ cultural values once they are aggregated into lower-level territorial units such as towns and sub-national regions. We visualize the gravitational force of national cultures by plotting various intra-national groups from five large countries that form distinct national clusters. Contrary to many scholars’ intuitions, alternative social aggregates, such as ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups, as well as diverse socio-demographic categories, add negligible explained variance to that already captured by nations.

scholarly journals LOS RASGOS CULTURALES EN LA CONFORMACIÓN DE LA COMPETITIVIDAD Y DEL CRECIMIENTO SOSTENIBLE

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilianne Isabel Pavón Cuéllar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
International Context ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development

El marco de estudio del crecimiento económico consiste en explorar el desempeño de los factores productivos, tanto en calidad como en cantidad, así como la interrelación de estos factores con el producto nacional, todo ello influenciado por el contexto político, social e internacional. Con el fin de complementar la teoría formal de crecimiento con referentes empíricos y de enfatizar la importancia de considerar elementos adicionales en dicho proceso, esta investigación se concentra en la posible vinculación entre los rasgos culturales de un grupo seleccionado de países y los demás factores productivos, para explorar si dicho capital social informal incide de forma determinante en su conformación y desempeño. Se incluyen también dos variables vinculadas a la equidad y al cuidado medioambiental, al considerarlas insumos esenciales para la competitividad y el crecimiento sostenibles, y se analiza cómo se ven afectadas por la cultura nacional. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la cultura influye en todos ellos a través de distintos canales y que aun cuando esta relación no sea estable en el tiempo o varíe de acuerdo al grado de competitividad alcanzado por un país, su signo positivo o negativo, según el rasgo cultural del que se trate, es consistente entre naciones y en distintas etapas de desarrollo económico.AbstractThe framework of the economic growth study consists in exploring the performance of productive factors, both in quality and quantity, of the interplay of these factors with the domestic product, all influenced by the political, social and international context. In the aim of complementing the formal growth theory with empirical referents and emphasize the importance of considering additional elements in this process, this research focuses on the potential link between the cultural values of a selected group of countries and other production factors, in order to explore whether such informal social capital influences decisively its creation and performance. This work also includes two variables related to equity and environmental care, considered as essential inputs for sustainable competitiveness and growth, as well as the analysis on how these variables are affected by the national culture. Results demonstrate that culture influences all of them through different channels and that even though this relationship is not stable over time or vary according to the degree of competitiveness reached by a country, is consistent across nations and at different stages of economic development.

How does national culture influence IPO underpricing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 318-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Chourou ◽  
Samir Saadi ◽  
Hui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Culture Influence

The Role of Religion and National Culture in Economic Growth of Emerging Markets

2014 ◽  
pp. 250-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish C. Chandan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic

Religion can influence economic growth and economic growth can influence religiosity (Barro & Mitchell, 2004; Barro & McCleary, 2003; McCleary, 2007). Earlier, Weber (1904, 1930, 1958) had suggested that the protestant work ethic gave rise to capitalism and that other major world religions including Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism were not conducive to capitalism. However, the data on predicted growth rates and the current majority religion for the 24 emerging economies (Yeyati & Williams, 2012; IMF WEO, 2010) suggest these emerging economies with high growth rates include a variety of geo-political regions representing many different religions, national cultures, and even “no-religion” affiliation. For the same majority religion, the economic growth rates and Hofstede’s (1980) national culture dimensions vary among nations. Thus, religion alone is not sufficient to explain the higher economic growth of the emerging economies. The economic growth is influenced by additional social, political, and macroeconomic variables including human capital, infrastructure, technological progress, political stability, capital formation, domestic credit to private sector, foreign domestic investment, inflation rate, exchange rate, and international trade. In a secular sense, the religious beliefs and cultural values related to work and social ethic are conducive to economic growth through entrepreneurship and organizational effectiveness.

scholarly journals Religion, national culture and cross-country differences in the use of trade credit

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-370
Author(s):  
Markus Mättö ◽  
Mervi Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether religion or national culture can explain previously observed cross-country variation in trade credit. Design/methodology/approach Using the firm-level SME data from 35 European countries, religion and cultural factors of Hofstede and Schwartz, the authors provide new evidence on the determinants of the cross-country variation in trade credit. Findings The results indicate that religion and national culture are associated with trade credit. The authors find that the levels of trade credit are higher in Catholic countries than in Protestant ones and that peoples’ religiousness has an impact on trade credit only in Catholic countries. The authors also find that Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, such as power distance and uncertainty avoidance, are positively associated with trade credit. Practical implications Overall, authors’ findings indicate that religion and national culture are important determinants of trade credit management, and that the association between commonly used cultural values and trade credit depends on the religious, legal, and financial environment. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to research the relationship between national culture and trade credit.

The impact of national cultural values on retail structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boryana V. Dimitrova ◽  
Bert Rosenbloom ◽  
Trina Larsen Andras
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Retail Operations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Retail Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between national cultural values and retail structure. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a panel data set of 67 countries over the period 1999-2012. Findings The results demonstrate that national cultural values, measured with the World Values Survey’s traditional/secular-rational and survival/self-expression dimensions, affect retail structure. Research limitations/implications While marketing scholars have examined the relationship between demographic and competitive factors and retail structure, there has been a substantial body of anecdotal evidence showing that national culture can also drive retail structure development. In order to enhance the understanding of the relationship between national culture and retail structure, the authors empirically examine the impact of national cultural values on retail structure. Originality/value This study is the first one to empirically examine the impact of national culture on retail structure. The authors thus help advance retail structure research the primary focus of which has been on investigating the impact of demographic and competitive factors on retail structure. This study is especially relevant to international retail managers who coordinate retail operations in multiple countries around the world. These managers need insight into the impact of national cultural values on retail structure in order to devise effective retail strategies for each host market.

National cultural values, sustainability beliefs, and organizational initiatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Tata ◽  
Sameer Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Sustainability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainability Practices ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Organizations are implementing sustainability initiatives in different countries with varied socio-cultural systems. The literature on sustainability, however, does not present a clear picture of how national culture can influence interpretations of the meaning of sustainability and how these differences in interpretation can result in different sustainability practices. The purpose of this paper is to build upon the current literature by identifying mechanisms (i.e. sustainability beliefs and perceptions) that mediate the relationship between national cultural values and organizational sustainability initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine the literature on culture and sustainability practices, and develop a conceptual model that identifies how cultural values influence the sustainability initiatives of organizations. Several propositions are identified that specify relationships among the constructs, and guidelines are provided for testing the model in future research. Findings – The model posits that national culture influences sustainability beliefs and perceptions, which in turn influence the quantity and scope of sustainability initiatives. The relationship between sustainability beliefs and organizational sustainability initiatives is moderated by sustainability orientation and organizational capacity. Originality/value – The model can help researchers and practitioners better understand the meaning of sustainability in the context of international business by identifying the mechanisms that explain the link between culture and sustainability. It can also help researchers generate hypotheses for future research. Finally, the model can guide multinational corporations attempting to drive sustainability programs through their subsidiaries as well as international developmental agencies trying to develop programs in partnership with local non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

The Effect of Societal Values on Local Government Transparency: Applying Hofstede’s Cultural Dimmensions

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Frías-Aceituno ◽  
Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza ◽  
María-Isabel González-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Societal Expectations

In the last decade, a growing number of organizations worldwide have started reporting on issues concerning their economic, social and environmental behaviour. However, public administrations show a delay in this regard although there is growing interest from citizens regarding sustainability transparency. This paper contributes to intra-country analyses of non-financial reporting in the public sector by studying transparency concerning sustainability in municipalities; it analyses the coherence between societal values, identified using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, and local governments’ corporate social responsibility disclosures. We undertook a content analysis of 101 Colombian, Portuguese and Spanish local government websites and employed different graphical and statistical techniques to analyse the extent of disclosure and the relationship with societal expectations of transparency. The results showed several thematic differences between countries in disclosure preferences relating to societal cultural values of collectivism, femininity, tolerance and equity. Countries with equilibrium in all cultural values are more transparent; those with a prevalence of masculine and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions are particularly oriented to social perspectives and show a higher preference for strategic and economic information.

Using Qi Culture to Promote Regional Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Cai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Cultural Connotation

<p>Qi culture is the main source of Chinese national culture, with profound cultural connotation and rich cultural atmosphere. With the continuous deepening of economic development, the development of regional cultural values has also become the main content of regional economic and social construction. This article discusses the causes of regional culture and summarizes the strategies for using Qi culture to promote regional economic development.</p>

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