The demand for older workers and age discrimination: International experience and Russian realities

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-121
Author(s):  
Maria A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
High Age

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the demand for older workers and age discrimination in the Russian labor market. The recent pension reform has brought widespread attention to these issues. Macroeconomic analysis showed that, despite the growth in the retirement age population and the increase in their presence in the labor market over the past decade, the demand for older workers has still been limited. One of the reasons for this situation is the relatively high age discrimination both in society and in the Russian labor market. Given this circumstance, raising retirement age should be accompanied by demandside efforts such as improving age discrimination legislation and age-friendly employment policy. The analysis of extensive international experience allows us to develop recommendations that will help smooth out negative effects of raising retirement age for certain categories of workers.

Labor Market in the Light of Pension Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Л. Аникеева ◽  
L. Anikeeva ◽  
Александра Митрофанова ◽  
Aleksandra Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

The article deals with issues related to the change in the situation on the labor market in connection with the new pension reform. The mechanism of the impact of the conditions and standards of pensions on the state of the labor market is revealed. Special attention is paid to increasing tension in the labor market due to the increase in the retirement age. The procedure for raising the retirement age is revealed, categories of workers are identified that will not be affected by raising the retirement age or who are entitled to receive an old-age insurance pension of a higher retirement age. Consideration is given to aspects related to changes in the conditions and procedure for granting unemployment benefits, including new conditions for granting benefits to persons in pre-retirement age. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the factors that determine the possibility of raising the retirement age, and the justification of measures that contribute to leveling the negative effects of the increase.

scholarly journals Persons of Pre-Retirement Age in the Labour Market: Employment Problems and Support Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178-1192
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Chernykh ◽  
Anna N. Tarasova ◽  
Andrey E. Syrchin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
The Government

The problem of age discrimination in the labour sector has become even more relevant, as the increase in the retirement age and the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia reinforce ageism. The article aims to assess the incidence of age discrimination in the labour market of the Sverdlovsk Region and examine employers’ behaviour towards people nearing retirement. The mixed methodology includes quantitative (analysis of statistics, questionnaire survey, content analysis) and qualitative (in-depth interviews with employers) research methods. While in the 1990s age discrimination was evident and expressed in the exclusion of older workers from the employment sector, now age discrimination is latent and has different manifestations. The results showed that people aged over 45 have less job opportunities in the labour market. Thus, most of them choose to maintain employment. This strategy, however, does not protect against other discriminatory practices such as displacement to less paid positions, reduced pay rate, etc. This situation leads to the decrease in the average wage of workers aged 50-55 by approximately 25%. We can conclude that employers did not change their behaviour and continue using discriminatory practices to maximise the return on human capital, shifting the risks of pension reform to employees. The government is trying to smooth over the differences between the effectiveness of the regional economic system, focused on maximising the use of regional human resources, and the effectiveness of individual organisations by protecting labour rights and promoting the employment of people nearing retirement. However, the government support measures mainly focus on training or retraining of people aged over 50, while employers lack economic incentives to reconsider their attitude towards older workers. Thus, we recommend developing governmental mechanisms for encouraging employers to change their personnel policy concerning employees aged over 50.

scholarly journals Pensioners in the labor market: a secondary analysis of a sociological research of the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Darya KOBOZEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Right

Modern trends in the field of social and labor relations, and, above all, aspects of pension reform, have significantly affected the position of citizens of late working age in the labor market. Given that the right to work is an inviolable civil right, the desire of many thousands of people to work should be considered as an important aspect of state and demographic policy, and employment policy, and in general — the socio-economic policy of the state. The article presents data reflecting the results of a secondary analysis of the results of a large-scale sociological study of A-RCPOR on the prospects of employment of citizens of retirement age. The study shows the attitude of citizens to work after reaching retirement age and their willingness to continue to perform their work duties.

scholarly journals Age Differentiation in Wages in the Russian Labor Market: Identification of the Causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-132
Author(s):  
Elena Vasilyeva ◽  
◽  
Alexander Tyrsin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Statistical Hypotheses ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Positive Effect

The article examines the reasons for the significant age differentiation in wages that has developed in the Russian labor market. Based on the literature review, two hypotheses of the study were formed, reflecting the factors of wage changes with respect to age. The first hypothesis is that the wages of older workers are determined by age discrimination. According to the second hypothesis, the wages of older workers depend on their accumulated human capital (education, skills, and health). To test the two hypotheses of the study we carry out a multidimensional statistical analysis. It included the construction of regression models, performing discriminant analysis, and testing statistical hypotheses of data uniformity. We use the data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of HSE (RLMS-HSE) covering the years from 2000 to 2019. The data from the monitoring survey have been analyzed not only with respect to age, but gender as well. The results of the study confirmed the first hypothesis for men of pre-retirement and retirement age, as well as women of retirement age. The second hypothesis that the depreciation of human capital with age affects the remuneration of older workers has been partially confirmed. For the older generation of both sexes, a significant factor of wages is health, for men it is also the presence of a completed professional education. Continual education has a positive effect on average earnings, but only for women. Computer skills increases all workers’ wages except men older than 60. We did not find out any significant effect of human capital accumulation on wages for workers of pre-retirement and retirement age

How do employers think about older workers?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hila Axelrad ◽  
Alexandra Kalev ◽  
Noah Lewin-Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pension Income ◽  
Significant Barrier

PurposeHigher pensionable age in many countries that are part of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and a shrinking pension income force older people to postpone their retirement. Yet, age-based discrimination in employers' decisions is a significant barrier to their employment. Hence, this paper aims to explore employers' attitudes regarding the employment of workers aged 60–70, striving for a better understanding of age discrimination.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 30 managers, experts and employees in retirement age in Israel.FindingsFindings reveal a spectrum of employers' attitudes toward the employment of older workers. The authors' analytical contribution is a conceptual typology based on employers' perceived ability to employ older workers and their stated attitudes toward the employment of older workers.Social implicationsThe insights that emerge from this research are fundamental for organizational actors' ability to expand the productive, unbiased employment of older workers.Originality/valueBy understanding employers' preferences and perspectives and the implications on employers' ability and/or willingness to employ older workers, this research will help policymakers formulate and implement policy innovations that address these biases.

Some Useful Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-694
Author(s):  
Michael McGann ◽  
Dina Bowman ◽  
Simon Biggs ◽  
Helen Kimberley
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Working Lives

Issues related to population ageing and longer working lives span diverse research areas and are linked to a number of conceptual and policy debates. Here we provide details of texts which allow quick access to key debates in the different domains covered by the contributions. We focus first on social policy, retirement and pensions. We then provide key sources on the changing experiences and perceptions of retirement; age-discrimination, human resource management and older workers; and early exit, mature-age unemployment and activating older workers.

scholarly journals Psychological and pedagogical aspects of retraining people of pre-retirement age

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
T. Sidorchuk ◽  
M. Sidorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Older People ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
Professional Health

The article considers the analysis of the main problems associated with retraining and employment of people of pre-retirement age. The organization of these processes is possible only with the development of a set of educational retraining programs and effective psychological support. Changes in the sphere of employment of older people entail not only the reform of the labor market of young professionals, but also the whole system of geront education, which should include professional, health, cognitive, psychological and personnel components. The author of the article talks about the need for a transitional period for the implementation of the Pension Reform, outlines the main structures requiring a reorientation of their work directions so that Russians, regardless of age, feel “protected” in the labor market.

scholarly journals Retirement timing in Italy: rising age and the advantages of a stable working career

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marco Trentini
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Work History ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Retirement Timing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Stability

Abstract This article looks at how retirement timing is changing in Italy. A first aim is descriptive and it is to identify recent trends in retirement age, following the pension reform. Then the focus is on factors which may favour or hinder the extension of the working career of older workers. They are studied by looking at the reasons for retirement, introducing the distinction between voluntary and involuntary retirement, and some predictors of retirement. Some of them relate to the work history of individuals, in particular the stability/instability of careers due to episodes of unemployment. The level of education and gender, two variables that may affect the employability of older workers, have also been considered. The study is based on a longitudinal analysis (Kaplan–Meier survival estimates of transition to retirement and binomial logit discrete-time model for the analysis of retirement predictors) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Job Episodes Panel data. They refer to a sample of 1,999 individuals born between 1911 and 1959. Although the various pension reforms initiated in Italy in the 1990s have not yet been fully implemented, retirement age is rising, even in the case of involuntary retirement. Regarding work history, the advantages of a working career with a small number of unemployment episodes emerge from the study.

scholarly journals In medio stat victus: Labor Demand Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Boeri ◽  
Pietro Garibaldi ◽  
Espen R. Moen
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractAfter falling for four decades, statutory retirement ages are increasing in most OECD countries. The labor market adjustment to these reforms has not yet been thoroughly investigated by the literature. We draw on a major pension reform that took place in Italy in December 2011 that increased the retirement age by up to six years for some categories of workers. We have access to a unique dataset validated by the Italian social security administration (INPS), which identifies in each private firm, based on an administrative exam of eligibility conditions, how many workers were locked in by the sudden increase in the retirement age, and for how long. We find that firms mostly affected by the lock in are those that were downsizing even before the policy shock. The increase in the retirement age seems to displace more middle-aged workers than young workers. Furthermore, there is not a one-to-one increase in the number of older workers in the firms where some workers were locked in by the reform. We provide tentative explanations for these results, based on the interaction between retirement, employment protection legislation and liquidity constraints of firms.

scholarly journals Precarious Working Youth and Pension Reform in the Republic of Korea and Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Lee Seung Yoon ◽  
Kim Yun Young
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Precarious Jobs ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper focuses on two aspects of the welfare state: the old agepension system and the labor market, where the majority of youth are workingin precarious jobs. We discuss the interplay between pension funds and theincrease in young atypical workers by studying the case of Italy and the Republicof Korea, closely analyzing the projected benefit level of both standard and nonstandard workers among the youth population in Korea in order to assess whereyoung workers will find themselves after retirement age and what Korea canlearn from the case of Italy.

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