scholarly journals Predicting the Severity of Adverse Drug Reactions

2020 ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
Ms Sushmitha ◽  
Ms. Sowmya ◽  
Sushma Rao
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Mixtures ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Area Unit

<p>Polypharmacy, co-prescribing multiple medication, is implausibly common and infrequently ends up in drug interactions that may have adverse facet effects. Currently, to help doctors in prescribing treatments, clinical call systems fireplace alerts once drug mixtures area unit prescribed that have glorious reactions. Those alerts area unit supported drug interaction severity stored in databases like Lexi-Interact. However, Lexi-Interact severity, that is predicated on clinical trials and literature reviews, doesn't embrace all drug interactions tho' there are several prescribed drug mixtures that haven’t been lined by literature. This paper is enforced by coaching a model that has comparatively high accuracy and recall with glorious Lexi-Interact severity values, the goal would be to check it on drug interactions with glorious severity. Specifically, a drug combine would have a foreseen severity so a panel of clinical pharmacists, people acquainted with clinical outcomes of drug interactions, would rate the validity of that foreseen severity. We intend to realize such reactive medication and report them to the doctors.</p>

Abstract 229: Correlation of in vitro Studies and Human Drug Interaction Studies with Gemcabene

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret McShane ◽  
Louis Radulovic ◽  
Charles L Bisgaier
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Dose Study

Background: Gemcabene is a novel lipid-regulating compound being developed as an adjunct to diet and statin therapy for dyslipidemia treatment. Patients with dyslipidemia typically take many medications often including statins and it is essential to understand potential risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI) to minimize the risk of adverse drug reactions. In the best circumstances, drugs entering the market will provide metabolic or transport pathways that do not interfere with commonly co-administered drugs. The current studies provide the analysis of potential drug interactions with gemcabene both in vitro and in vivo . Methods: Caco-2 cells were used to assess the potential P-gp substrate and inhibitor interaction and the major drug-metabolizing CYP450 isozymes and FMO-3 were used to assess the potential CYP450 and FM0-3 metabolism interaction. The results from the in vitro P-gp and CYP450 studies was correlated with the results of three DDI clinical studies with digoxin, atorvastatin and simvastatin. Results: In an open-label, multiple-dose study in 12 healthy subjects, gemcabene (900 mg) did not significantly affect the exposure (Cmax and AUC 0-24 ) of digoxin (0.25 mg). Specifically, the 90% confidence interval for digoxin AUC (0-24) ratios were within the 80% to 125% range, thus confirming the in vitro results of no DDI with a P-gp substrate. In two open-label, multiple-dose studies in healthy volunteers, gemcabene (900 mg) did not significantly affect the exposure (Cmax and AUC 0-24 ) of atorvastatin (80 mg) or simvastatin (80 mg) thus confirming the in vitro results of no DDI with CYP450 (see Figure below). Conclusion: These results suggest gemcabene is unlikely to elicit a metabolic (i.e., CYP450 or FMO3) or P-gp-mediated drug interaction. Gemcabene (900 mg) was well-tolerated in combination with highest dose of atorvastatin and simvastatin. Clinical Implications: Understanding potential for drug interactions minimizes the risk of adverse drug reactions.

scholarly journals Potential clinically significant life-threatening drug–drug interactions of lopinavir and ritonavir used in the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohitosh Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Prescribing Information

AbstractPotential clinically significant life-threatening drug–drug interactions (DDIs) of lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) used in the treatment of COVID-19 is not systematically reviewed. It was aimed to identify severe DDI pairs of LPV/RTV from international resources predicted to cause life-threatening adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Severe DDI pairs predicted to cause life-threatening ADRs were identified from the FDA and Liverpool COVID-19 prescribing information of LPV/RTV. In total, 62 severe DDI pairs were identified from the FDA and Liverpool COVID-19 resources predicted to cause life-threatening ADRs in patients with COVID-19. Of these, seven unique DDI pairs (11.3%; 95% CI 3%–19%) were identified from the FDA only whereas 45 unique DDI pairs (72.6%; 95% CI 61%–84%) were identified from the Liverpool COVID-19 drug interactions resource. Of interest, only 10 DDI pairs (16.1%; 95% CI 7%–25%) were recognized by both of these drug interaction resources. Clinicians should not entirely rely on any individual DDI resource for checking life threatening ADRs of LPV/RTV in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Kajian Adverse Drug Reactions Terkait Interaksi Obat di Bangsal Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Akademik UGM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fivy Kurniawati ◽  
Nanang Munif Yasin ◽  
Amila Dina ◽  
Sanses Atana ◽  
Sarah Nabila Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Length

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) is one of the causes of patient’s prolonged length of stay in the hospital and drug interactions can be included as one of the causes of the cause of ADRs. ADR related to drug interactions is a clinical problem that requires proper prevention. This study aimed to identify potential drug interactions also identify adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to drug interactions in hospitalized patients at Universitas Gadjah Mada Teaching Hospital. This cross-sectional study used retrospective data collection through patient’s medical records from January to June 2018. Patients included in this study were all patients who received therapy more than two kind of drugs simultaneously treated in hospital wards of Universitas Gadjah Mada Teaching Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data collected were then analyzed descriptively. Drug interactions were analyzed using Drug Interaction Facts 2012 and Stockley. ADRs were analyzed by monitoring documented effects of patients with potential drug interaction. There were 115 of 362 patients (31.8%) with potential drug interactions. The total numbers of potential interactions that occur were 182 interactions. The most potential type of interaction was the interaction with moderate severity, with 115 interactions (63.2%). The majority of drug interactions occur through unknown mechanisms (54.4%). Actual ADR occurs in 3.3% patients who were 2 pediatric patients and 4 geriatric patients. This study can be a reference for drug interactions and ADRs as well as guide for pharmacist and healthcare in providing the right medication.

Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 2042-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Heerak Chugh ◽  
Damini Sood ◽  
Snigdha Singh ◽  
Aarushi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Porphyrin Rings

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

Adverse drug reactions & drug interactions in MDR-TB patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. S69-S78
Author(s):  
Amitesh Gupta ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sekar Natarajan ◽  
Rupak Singla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Mdr Tb

Importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in adverse drug reactions due to drug–drug interactions: a PharmacoVigilance study in France

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Charlotte Danton ◽  
François Montastruc ◽  
Agnès Sommet ◽  
Geneviève Durrieu ◽  
Haleh Bagheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions

scholarly journals Drug-Drug-Dietary interactions in pharmacotherapy of GIT medication: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2903-2909
Author(s):  
Akula sowjanya ◽  
Abhisek Pal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Effect ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Common Drug ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dietary Interactions

Successful drug therapy depends on the interaction between drug-drug and drug-diet. Drug interactions are a vital reason for causing adverse drug reactions and modify one drug effect by another drug and these kinds of interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for Drug-Drug and Drug-food interactions. Food Consumption can alter the effect of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics processes. Anti-ulcer drugs are used to treat different types of ulcer and that may interact with another drug showing undesirable effects. GIT medications interfere with another type of medication either with at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The main objective of this article is to review data regarding common Drug-drug & Drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. Data was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and they were reviewed for publication on drug-drug & drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. This data is very helpful for pharmacists while reviewing and analyzing prescribed medication, especially in geriatrics prescriptions.

Adverse Drug Reactions and Comorbidities in Patient Treated for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Pournima Yadav ◽  
Sachin Rohane ◽  
Atish Velhal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Healthcare Professional ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Medication Dose

Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, which was first recognized in Wuhan, China in Dec 2019. Through various mechanism action of drug which are used for the treatment of Covid-19, it is know that how actually the drug can shows its working, mechanism on this disease. Comorbidities are associated with the high mortality in patient with coronavirus disease, so they will develop a more symptoms. Peoples are suffering comorbities like Covid-19 with Diabetes, Covid-19 with Hypertension, Covid-19 and Asthma, Covid-19 and COPD, Covid-19 and HIV, etc. According to different patient age group treatment of the particular medication, dose, and route of administration should be recommend by the healthcare professional and after receiving the treatment, the patients are suffering from adverse drug reactions of some medications like allergic reactions, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, tiredness, fever, etc and drug-drug interaction may happen. Thus, this review is all about to highlight the patients who suffering from comorbidities and to study the adverse drug reactions of the medications prescribed for patient suffering from Covid-19.

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