scholarly journals Remote Pipeline Monitoring Security System

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Ifeoma V. Ngonadi ◽  
Sunday Ajiroghene
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Control Center

Pipelines are regarded as the lifelines of the national economy of most oil producing countries. This is because these pipelines which cover thousands of kilometers are used to transport large volumes of refined and unrefined petroleum products, crude oil and natural gas. These pipelines often come under terrorist attacks and vandalism which can lead to pollution problems, theft of the contents of the pipeline and huge economic loss. In view of this, it is very necessary that these pipelines are monitored from time to time to forestall these losses. Manual monitoring of pipelines is a very expensive process and also dangerous especially in hazardous environments. Remote monitoring of these pipelines involves monitoring the pipelines from remote locations. This research work monitors pipelines by using remote monitoring to wirelessly monitor the pipelines in real time and reports to the control center whenever it gets a value above the threshold value. The parameters monitored are temperature around the pipeline, relative humidity surrounding the pipeline, dew point of the pipeline environment, the amount of carbon monoxide present, the amount of liquefied petroleum gas leakages, the movement of people around the facility, fire and smoke. A monitoring device for monitoring these parameters was designed and constructed and a software was developed in C- language which interfaced with the hardware to provide a robust solution for remotely monitoring the pipelines. The result of this research effort is a robust solution for the wireless monitoring of the pipelines of the different parameters embedded together.

scholarly journals A Graph Mining Approach for Ranking and Discovering the Interesting Frequent Subgraph Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Ur Rehman ◽  
Kexing Liu ◽  
Tariq Ali ◽  
Asif Nawaz ◽  
Simon James Fong
Keyword(s):  
Graph Mining ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Research Work ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Frequent Subgraph Mining ◽  
Graph Data ◽  
Frequent Subgraph ◽  
Pattern Growth

AbstractGraph mining is a well-established research field, and lately it has drawn in considerable research communities. It allows to process, analyze, and discover significant knowledge from graph data. In graph mining, one of the most challenging tasks is frequent subgraph mining (FSM). FSM consists of applying the data mining algorithms to extract interesting, unexpected, and useful graph patterns from the graphs. FSM has been applied to many domains, such as graphical data management and knowledge discovery, social network analysis, bioinformatics, and security. In this context, a large number of techniques have been suggested to deal with the graph data. These techniques can be classed into two primary categories: (i) a priori-based FSM approaches and (ii) pattern growth-based FSM approaches. In both of these categories, an extensive research work is available. However, FSM approaches are facing some challenges, including enormous numbers of frequent subgraph patterns (FSPs); no suitable mechanism for applying ranking at the appropriate level during the discovery process of the FSPs; extraction of repetitive and duplicate FSPs; user involvement in supplying the support threshold value; large number of subgraph candidate generation. Thus, the aim of this research is to make do with the challenges of enormous FSPs, avoid duplicate discovery of FSPs, and use the ranking for such patterns. Therefore, to address these challenges a new FSM framework A RAnked Frequent pattern-growth Framework (A-RAFF) is suggested. Consequently, A-RAFF provides an efficacious answer to these challenges through the initiation of a new ranking measure called FSP-Rank. The proposed ranking measure FSP-Rank effectively reduced the duplicate and enormous frequent patterns. The effectiveness of the techniques proposed in this study is validated by extensive experimental analysis using different benchmark and synthetic graph datasets. Our experiments have consistently demonstrated the promising empirical results, thus confirming the superiority and practical feasibility of the proposed FSM framework.

Operational Process in Lpg and Lng Gas Ships in Maritime Transportation Logistics

2020 ◽  
pp. 310-329
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Dugenci ◽  
Ozan Hikmet Arican ◽  
Gökhan Kara ◽  
Ali Umut Unal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Grade Change ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Explosive Property ◽  
Education Process

Liquefied petroleum gas is used as an energy source in many areas of the world. It is among the most important fuels used worldwide. Transport of this type of petroleum products between ports is carried out on a large scale. These cargoes are transported in ship types called LPG tankers. Transported LPG gas formation must be carried in liquid form. Particularly in these liquid formations, the transportation of the LPG vessels is divided into different types and it is carried under the name of Fully Refrigerated, which authors call full cooling. LPG is a highly sensitive, flammable, and explosive property, but it is also necessary to know special precautions regarding its transportation. Load operations are difficult processes for LPG tankers. The most complex of these processes is the change of load called grade change. The chapter guides LPG vessels' workers and students in the education process.

scholarly journals Regression Analysis and Risk Assessment of Groundwater Levels

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Panagiota Theodoridou ◽  
Emmanouil Varouchakis ◽  
George Karatzas
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Auxiliary Variable ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Trend Function ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Trend Model ◽  
Residual Kriging

The present research work uses Residual Kriging to estimate the groundwater level of an unconfined alluvial aquifer, as well as the trend function. The ground surface elevation is used as auxiliary variable in the trend model. Indicator Kriging is applied to detect potential vulnerable locations. Classical variogram functions are applied to determine the spatial correlation of the measurements. The risk of hydraulic head to lie below a threshold value is significant, mainly at the South and North parts of the aquifer, where the lower values of groundwater level are estimated, indicating that these areas require intense monitoring to ensure the water resources availability.

scholarly journals Two decades of research with the GreenLab model in agronomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe de Reffye ◽  
Baogang Hu ◽  
Mengzhen Kang ◽  
Véronique Letort ◽  
Marc Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background With up to 200 published contributions, the GreenLab mathematical model of plant growth, developed since 2000 under Sino-French co-operation for agronomic applications, is descended from the structural models developed in the AMAP unit that characterize the development of plants and encompass them in a conceptual mathematical framework. The model also incorporates widely recognized crop model concepts (thermal time, light use efficiency and light interception), adapting them to the level of the individual plant. Scope Such long-term research work calls for an overview at some point. That is the objective of this review paper, which retraces the main history of the model’s development and its current status, highlighting three aspects. (1) What are the key features of the GreenLab model? (2) How can the model be a guide for defining relevant measurement strategies and experimental protocols? (3) What kind of applications can such a model address? This last question is answered using case studies as illustrations, and through the Discussion. Conclusions The results obtained over several decades illustrate a key feature of the GreenLab model: owing to its concise mathematical formulation based on the factorization of plant structure, it comes along with dedicated methods and experimental protocols for its parameter estimation, in the deterministic or stochastic cases, at single-plant or population levels. Besides providing a reliable statistical framework, this intense and long-term research effort has provided new insights into the internal trophic regulations of many plant species and new guidelines for genetic improvement or optimization of crop systems.

A Two Components Approach for Long Range Remote Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown (LIBS) Spectroscopy Using Low Laser Pulse Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam K. Misra ◽  
Tayro E. Acosta-Maeda ◽  
John N. Porter ◽  
Genesis Berlanga ◽  
Dalton Muchow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Pulse Energy ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

The remote detection of chemicals using remote Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is highly desirable for homeland security and NASA planetary exploration programs. We recently demonstrated Raman spectra with high signal-to-noise ratio of various materials from a 430 m distance during daylight with detection times of 1–10 s, utilizing a 203 mm diameter telescopic remote Raman system and 100 mJ/pulse laser energy at 532 nm for excitation. In this research effort, we describe a simple two-components approach that helps to obtain remote Raman and LIBS spectra of targets at distance of 246 m with 3 mJ/pulse in daytime. The two components of the method are: (1) a small spectroscopy system utilizing 76 mm diameter collection optics; and (2) a small remote lens near the target. Remote Raman spectra of various chemicals are presented here with detection time of 1 s. Remote LIBS spectra of minerals using single laser pulse of 3 mJ/pulse energy from a distance of 246 m are also presented. This research work demonstrates a simple approach that significantly improves remote Raman and LIBS capabilities for long range chemical detection with compact low laser power Raman and LIBS systems.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Optimization of Cupuaçu Seed Fermentation, Drying and Storage Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Joana M. L. Souza ◽  
João M. Rocha ◽  
Cleísa B. C. Cartaxo ◽  
Marcus A. M. Vasconcelos ◽  
Virginia S. Álvares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Seed Fermentation

Cupuaçu [Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild ex Spreng.) K. Schum] seeds have been employed for a long time in the Amazon region for food purposes. Similar to cocoa, processed cupuaçu pulp and seeds can be used to produce juices, ice creams, confectionary products and cupulate®, which is a similar product to chocolate. However, its market penetration requires the mastery of all processing stages to improve the food quality and safety and to make possible an efficient technology transfer to the local small farmers and communities. Based on the above, the current research work aimed at monitoring and optimizing the consecutive fermentation and drying processes of cupuaçu seeds over 7 days each, as well as storage for 90 days. A greenhouse structure incorporating the fermenter and solar drying terrace was designed to be inexpensive, versatile, easily scalable, and easy to maintain and operate by the local small farmers after a short period of training. This research effort also aimed at giving a vision for the future creation of an integrative and sustainable cupuaçu system covering the economic, social, cultural and environmental vectors. The experimental design comprised 5 batches of 100 kg of seeds each. Several microbiological and physicochemical parameters were performed and correlated with processing variables. Microbiological parameters encompassed viable counts of mesophilic microorganisms, coliforms, yeasts, and molds, whereas physicochemical measures included fermentation and drying temperature, pH, acidity, dry matter, ashes, water activity, color, total proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, and energy. The average seed fermentation temperature varied from ca. 28 to 44 °C, reaching the maximum on day 3 and a final value of ca. 31 °C. Regarding solar drying, the average seed temperatures ranged from ca. 24 °C (at the end) to 39 °C on day 3, and an initial value of ca. 29 °C. The average final seed pH value of drying was 5.34 and was kept during storage. During storage, results demonstrated the existence of significant correlations among several experimental parameters under scrutiny. Finally, bean viable counts obtained during storage unfolded acceptable values of total mesophilic bacteria well below the maximum limit. Viable counts of yeast and molds were generally found between 3 and 4 log(CFU/gsample), and total coliforms were also detected, although both were at acceptable levels and well beneath the established maximum limits for food safety.

EG/CNTs Nanofluids Engineering and Thermo-Rheological Characterization

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno C. Lamas ◽  
A. Fonseca ◽  
F.A.M.M. Gonçalves ◽  
A.G.M. Ferreira ◽  
I.M.A. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Quality Dispersion

The research work presented here intends to contribute to the overall research effort towards nanofluids engineering and characterization. To accomplish the latter, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are added to an ethylene glycol (EG) based fluid. Different aspects concerning the nanofluids preparation and its thermal characterization will be addressed. The study considers and exploits the relative influence of CNTs concentration on EG based fluids, on the suspension effective thermal conductivity and viscosity. In order to guarantee a high-quality dispersion it was performed a chemical treatment on the MWCNTs followed by ultrasonication mixing. Furthermore, the ultrasonication mixing-time is optimized through the UV-vis spectrophotometer to ensure proper colloidal stability. The thermal conductivity is measured via transient hot-wire within a specified temperature range. Viscosity is assessed through a controlled stress rheometer. The results obtained clearly indicate an enhancement in thermal conductivity consistent with carbon nanotube loading. The same trend is observed for the viscosity, which decreases with temperature rise and its effect is nullified at higher shear rates.

scholarly journals Forecasting Water Level Of Jhelum River Of Kashmir Valley India, Using Prediction And Earlywarning System

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Mirza Imran ◽  
Abdul Khader P. Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Control Center

The hydrological disasters have the largest share in global disaster list and in 2016 the Asia’s share was 41% of the global occurrence of flood disasters. The Jammu and Kashmir is one of the most flood-prone regions of the Indian Himalayas. In the 2014 floods, approximately 268 people died and 168004 houses were damaged. Pulwama, Srinagar, and Bandipora districts were severely affected with 102, 100 and 148 km 2 respectively submerged in floods. To predict and warn people before the actual event occur, the Early Warning Systems were developed. The Early Warning Systems (EWS) improve the preparedness of community towards the disaster. The EWS does not help to prevent floods but it helps to reduce the loss of life and property largely. A flood monitoring and EWS is proposed in this research work. This system is composed of base stations and a control center. The base station comprises of sensing module and processing module, which makes a localised prediction of water level and transmits predicted results and measured data to the control center. The control center uses a hybrid system of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model and the supervised machine learning technique, Linear Multiple Regression (LMR) model for water level prediction. This hybrid system presented the high accuracy of 93.53% for daily predictions and 99.91% for hourly predictions.

scholarly journals REAL-TIME MONITORING SYSTEM OF POWER TRANSFORMER USING IoT AND GSM

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
User Friendly

The power transformer is the most important and expensive element in the power system. It is used to change the voltage levels at different stages in a power system. The foremost responsibility of the utility grid is to ensure smooth and reliable availability of power through the transformer. But there are different abnormal conditions that can occur in the transformer such as overheating, overexcitation, abnormal frequency, overload, abnormal voltage, open circuit, and breaker failure. These abnormal conditions reduce the life, efficiency, and performance of the transformer, as a result, the overall reliability of the power system gets decreased. Moreover, in case of any failure of the power transformer, the consumers will suffer a severe power outage and consequently, a massive economic loss will occur. During abnormal conditions, the health of a transformer is deteriorating, and it is very important, that the operator should act quickly and accurately in terms of any abnormality occurred. For this purpose, need a proper health monitoring system that should properly monitor the health of the transformer and take proper action to prevent it from greater damages. The proposed system is user-friendly, flexible, reliable, and presenting more functionalities with almost 10 times lower cost than the existing system. This research work has developed a low-cost GSM and internet of things (IoT) based indigenous prototype for transformer monitoring that will be able to early inform the relevant staff through SMS and web data for the different abnormal conditions.

scholarly journals Formulation and evaluation of orally disintegrating tablet containing taste masked mirtazapine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Shrestha Prabhat ◽  
Shrestha Rajan ◽  
Shrestha Sahana
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Polymer Complex ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablet ◽  
Dispersible Tablet ◽  
Wetting Time ◽  
Eudragit Epo

Objective: This study aims to prepare the taste-masked granules of Mirtazapine by mass extrusion technique and formulate it into an oral dispersible tablet using different super disintegrates. Methods: Taste masked granules of mirtazapine were prepared by mass extrusion technique using Eudragit EPO in different ratios. The drug-polymer ratio was optimized based on the percent drug release in SSF and SGF. Taste masking efficacy of drug-polymer complex was determined by developing the bitterness threshold value of Mirtazapine. The selected drug-polymer complex was formulated into an oro-dispersible tablet by direct compression method. A randomized design was used to investigate individual effect of three different super disintegrates each in different concentrations. Ten formulations were developed including a controlled formulation without the addition of superdisintegrants. A comparative study was done based on various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Results: Eudragit EPO was able to mask the bitter taste of Mirtazapine effectively in 1:2 ratio by mass extrusion method. The minimum disintegration time and wetting time was found to be 13.6±2.7 and 18.13±0.24 seconds with the formulation containing crospovidone 5% (F9). It was found that the wetting time and disintegration time followed the order SSG>CCS>CPV. The selected best formulation was subjected to an incompatibility study design. The IR spectrum showed that all the excipients were chemically compatible. Conclusion: Thus, in this study unpalatable taste of Mirtazapine was masked using Eudragit EPO polymer by mass extrusion technique, and superdisintegrants were added to prepare orally disintegrating tablets of Mirtazapine. This research work suggests a rapid, simple and cost effective method for formulating Mirtazapine ODT.

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