Whole genome and transcriptome analysis of genetic determinants associated with cyclophosphamide in vitro in pediatric acute leukemias

Introduction: The main objective was to implement the determinations of the ex vivo resistance to cyclophosphamide and to identify the genetic profile for pediatric patients with acute leukemias. Methods: In order to determine the ex vivo drug resistance profile, MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed on mononuclear cells. Gene expression profiles were prepared on the basis of cRNA hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays of the human genome (Affymetrix). We performed also array-based comparative genomic hybridization using a SurePrint G3 Human CGH Microarray. Data was analyzed by bioinformatics tools. Verification of the relative expression level of 20 genes was carried out by qRT- PCR. Results: We observed a multitude of differentially expressed genes, e.g. ANXA1 (FC=3,04), BCL2A1 (FC=2,69), SERPINA1 (FC=2,12), DHRS7 (FC=2,13), PCDH9 (FC=- 4,58), TTC28 (FC=-2,25) and DUSP1 (FC=-2,91). The expression of genes that code for inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling, Wnt, angiogenesis and integrin signaling and T cell activation pathways genes affect the sensitivity of leukemic blasts to cyclophosphamide. Transcriptome level changes are associated with chromosomal aberrations, especially located on chromosomes 8, 10, 14, 15, 16 and 22. Conclusion: Our work delineated genes with differentiated expression and recurrent copy number changes, and revealed novel amplified loci and frequent deletions in resistant to cyclophosphamide cells, which may guide future work aimed at identifying the relevant target genes. In particular, deletion seems to be a frequent mechanism of IFIT3 gene inactivation. ANXA1, SERPINA1, TCF7 and BCL2A1 may also be included among the candidate genes of resistance (Ontological analysis).

Antioxidant activity and resveratrol content in wines the national origin

Wines are an important source of resveratrol and polyphenols, in this sense this work has focused on the determination of antioxidant activity and resveratrol content in wines of origin. The different wines analyzed exhibited strong antioxidant activity for the ABTS and DPPH tests, which are in the ranges of 2.123 to 25.097 [µmol/ml] and 2.348 to 17.138 [µmol/ml] for red wines respectively, while for white wines the ranges they are 0.793 to 2.604 [µmol/ml] and 0.419 to 3.07 [µmol/ml] respectively. Regarding the quantification and presence of trans-resveratrol, this was confirmed in most of the wines analyzed, with concentrations ranging between 0.77 and 3.25 [ppm] in red wines. As for white wines, these oscillate in the range of 0.18 to 0.69 [ppm]. Analyzing and comparing the results obtained in wines of origin, we observe that red wines have a good content of resveratrol and that in turn comparing results of other authors, we observe that the content of resveratrol in wines of origin is within the bibliographic range, both for red and white wines.

Modulating antibacterial activity against multidrugresistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the flavonoid pectolinarin isolated from Lantana camara leaves

The antibiotic potentiating activity against standard and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains of the natural compound 5”-O-α-L-raminopyranosyl-1’-β-D-glycopyranosyl-4’,6-dimethoxyflavone (pectolinarin) isolated from L. camara leaves was evaluated. Tests for antibacterial activity of the pure natural substance and analysis of the potentiation of antibacterial activity of pectolinarin associated with antibiotics were carried out against standard and multiresistant bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution. Pectolinarin, when combined with the antibiotic gentamicin, showed synergism, potentiating growth inhibition against Gram-positive S. aureus strains. The pectolinarin flavonoid when combined with the gentamicin antibiotic potentiated its action Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria. Moreover, an antagonistic effect was observed when the pectolinarin was combined with the penicillin antibiotic against the multiresistant S. aureus 358 strain. This research suggests that pectolinarin is a compound with potential application as an antibacterial drug.

Quality assurance and quality control. current furtherances and hereafter point of view

Quality assurance can be delineated as "section of quality management concentrated on furnishing confidence that quality must-have will be performed." The confidence delivered by quality assurance is twice intrinsically to management and extrinsically to clients, government agencies, regulators, certifiers, and third parties. An alternate delineation is "entire the aimed and organized activities accomplishment within the quality method that can be substantiated to hand over confidence that a commodity or service will perform must-have for quality. Quality assurance is across-the-board and does not have to do with the specific must-have of the product being developed. QA hobbies and responsibilities fill in practically entire of the fantabulous technique in lone fashion or distinctive, while QC is a subset of the QA hobbies. Also, constituents in the fantabulous technique might not be concretely substituted by QA/QC hobbies and responsibilities but perhaps enclose QA and QC. Quality control is a procedure which contemplates on performing the quality demand. Quality control intend to distinguish (and dead-on) imperfection in the finished product. Quality control, in consequence, is a reactive procedure. Quality control can be delineated as "section of quality management emphasized on furnishing quality must-have.

A novel practical approach to calculate measurement uncertainty in clinical pathology laboratories using quality control data with the use of biological variation where applicable

Background: Measurement Uncertainty (MU) can assist the interpretation and comparison of the laboratory results against international diagnostic protocols, facilitate a reduction in health care costs and also help protect laboratories against legal challenges. Determination of MU for quantitative testing in clinical pathology laboratories is also a requirement for ISO 15189. Methods: A practical and simple to use statistical model has been designed to make use of data readily available in a clinical laboratory to assess and establish MU for quantitative assays based on internal quality control data to calculate Random Error and external quality assurance scheme results to calculate Systematic Error. The model explained in this article has also been compared and verified against quality specifications based on Biological Variation. Results: Examples that explain and detail MU calculations for the proposed model are given where different components of MU are calculated with tabulated results. Conclusions: The designed model is cost-effective because it utilises readily available data in a clinical pathology laboratory. Data obtained from internal quality control programs and external quality assurance schemes are used to calculate the MU using a practical and convenient approach that will not require resources beyond what is available. Such information can additionally be useful not only in establishing limits for MU to satisfy ISO 15189 but also in selecting and/or improving methods and instruments in use. MU can as well play an important role in reducing health care costs as shown by examples in the article.

Evaluation of viscosity in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide at 298.15K

The viscosity of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide with different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol, iso-butanol, tertiary butanol has been determined at 298.15K. The experimental values are compared with theoretical values evaluated by different theories. It is observed that for some theories, values are in agreement with the experimental values. Further, an attempt has been made to study the intermolecular interactions in studied solutions in terms of excess free energy of mixing, strength of interaction parameters and interaction energy. The viscosity data of pure liquids and their mixtures are needed to design various chemical processes where heat and mass transfer are important.

Natural bioactive compounds and antimicrobial potential of Pavetta indica L.

Terrestrial plants have opened up a new perspective for pharmaceutical research and development of novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of microbial diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to start an urgent need to screen the plants for novel bioactive compounds. In this context, present study was carried out to screen phytochemical constituents from leaves of Pavetta indica L., and its antimicrobial potential. P. indica leaves possess Chlorophyll a (1.21 ±0.05 mg g-1), Chlorophyll b (1.61 ±0.09 mg g-1), total chlorophyll (2.82 ±0.13 mg g-1), carotenoids (0.57 ±0.06 mg g-1), total soluble sugars (30.08 ±0.79 mg g-1), total soluble starch (13.54 ± 0.72), total soluble proteins (47.81 ± 2.82 mg g-1), total free amino acids (5.77 ± 0.69 mg g-1), total phenol (7.67 ± 0.72 mg g-1), hydroxyl phenols (5.74 ± 0.29 mg g-1) and lipids (53.53 ± 2.50 mg g-1) while alkaloids, tannins, steroids, phenolic compounds, saponins, triterpenoids and cardiac glycosides were also present in the leaves of P. indica. Absolute ethanolic extract of P. indica showed significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens, followed by aqueous extract. In concluded that, P. indica leaves crude extracts have wide range of bioactive compounds and which might be led to potential antimicrobial activity. They may lend to developing novel therapeutic agent to different infectious diseases.

Effect of the addition of selected silicon fillers on Si- PSA shrinkage

The concept of shrinkage phenomenon is widely described in the available literature. With respect to pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) in general, the definition of shrinkage is understood to be "less than its original size" and is closely related to the crosslinking process and the effect of the crosslinker on the test adhesive. Shrinkage alongside adhesive properties (adhesion, tackiness) and mechanical (cohesion) is one of the most important characteristics of a self-adhesive adhesive. It is very important in terms of production when receiving, for example, decorative banners or self-adhesive films where crosslinked adhesive and thus shrinkage can affect the surface of the adhesive material and create deformations. In the case of PSA, the acceptable adhesive pressure shrinkage must not exceed 0.5 %. Contraction is an important criterion for assessing the aging resistance of PSA materials. There are no studies on the shrinkage of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives in literature, but many references to carbon-based adhesives have been reported.

A novel acyl hydrazone schiff’s bases of benzimidazole-2-thiol

A series of novel acyl hydrazone derivatives of benzimidazole-2-thiol were synthesized. The acylhydrazide was condensed with a series of aromatic substituted aldehydes to yield the tetra decylhydrazone Schiff”s bases of benzimidazole-2-thiol. The acylhydrazide was taken in methanol in round bottom flask added 2-3 drops acetic acid and refluxed on hotplate the reaction mixture was monitored with TLC. After completion of reaction the product was precipitated in ice cool water, washed and dried. The synthesized compounds were screened for different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antihistamine, neutropic, analgesic, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, antiallergic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular and have shown a good results.

Mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases: a mini-review

Mitochondrial dysfunction is estimated to be the primary reason involved in different types of neurodegenerative disorders as mitochondria is suggested to be important in the production of reactive oxygen species. Recently, several evidences have emerged out for impaired mitochondrial structures and functions viz. shape, size, fission-fusion, distribution, movement etc. in neurodegenerative diseases especially with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Therefore, apart from looking neurodegenerative diseases on the whole, a detailed understanding of the functioning of mitochondria and their role in degeneration would pave new options for the therapy of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.