scholarly journals Assessment of Water Use Efficiency in Sub-Sahara Africa : Application of The Malmquist Productivity Index

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Ethel Ansaah Addae ◽  
Nelson Amowini
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Efficiency Frontier ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

This paper presents the assessment of improvement in water use efficiency in sub-Sahara Africa based on the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). The study was conducted in 28 countries in sub-Sahara Africa from 2007 to 2017. Two test cases comprising data with water stress as undesired output, and without water stress as undesired output were analyzed to determine their level of impact on the improvement of water use efficiency. Again the technical efficiency as well as technological efficiency change were also examined. The overall mean outcome of the results regarding the test case of the MPI with the inclusion of water stress was 0.969 which is higher than the values recorded from 2012-2016. Comparing the two results, it was observed that the mean MPI estimates without water stress are much higher than that of the average MPI with the inclusion of water stress. This means that without the inclusion of undesirable factors such as water stress, the MPI scores could be overestimated. In terms of the catch-up effect, all sampled countries were technically efficient except Angola, Burundi, Chad, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Togo that could not meet the efficiency frontier of 1.00. With the technological efficiency change, the results indicated that none of the sampled countries was able to reach the efficiency frontier. Policy recommendations based on the results are provided.

scholarly journals Evaluating Water Use Efficiency in China’s Western Provinces Based on a Slacks-Based Measure (SBM)-Undesirable Window Model and a Malmquist Productivity Index

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Yuyan Luo ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Yong Qin ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
Yanfeng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

This paper evaluated the water use efficiency in 12 Chinese western provinces from 2005 to 2015. Based on data availability and the index selection rationality and the slacks-based measure (SBM)-undesirable Window analysis model and the Malmquist productivity index, the water resource inputs and outputs were measured to analyze water use efficiency. Total investment in fixed assets for the whole society and total water, made up of total agricultural water, total industrial water, and total domestic water, were used as the input indexes, and regional GDP and waste water discharge were the output indexes, with the waste water discharge being regarded as an undesirable output. The data from different years and different provinces in the same period, and data from the same year and the same provinces in different periods were compared in order to derive the water resource efficiency and technical changes over time and space. It was found that the total water resource factor productivity in the 12 provinces grew slowly in the study period, that water resource technical progress positively affected water use efficiency, and that a lack of technical efficiency restricted water use efficiency growth. Several suggestions are given to optimize water use efficiency in the 12 provinces. The research findings and suggestions provide valuable reference for studies in related fields.

Foliar Carbon Isotope Composition (δ 13C) and Water Use Efficiency of Different Populus deltoids Clones Under Water Stress

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjun Zhao ◽  
Rongfu Gao ◽  
Yingbai Shen ◽  
Xiaohua Su ◽  
Bingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Δ 13C ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Populus Deltoids

Water Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Hemarthria Compressa

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 578-585
Author(s):  
Zhong Wen Yang ◽  
Jun Ying Jin ◽  
Xin Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hemarthria Compressa

Water stress is an important approach to use water resources efficiently and remit the agricultural water shortage. Hemarthria compressa is one of perennial grasses, a pasture of high quality, which has abundant species resources in China. To explore the response of the growth, yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of Hemarthria compressa under water stress, this study, adapting pot experiment, imposed three water stress degree (LD, MD and SD) treatments and a control treatment on Hemarthria compressa. The data of growth indicators during control period, yield and total water consumption were obtained. The results show a noticeable inhibitory action of water stress on the growth of Hemarthria compressa. Along with the intensifying of water stress, plant height increment, leaf area, total biomass, dry matter of each organ and yield decreased, and the root-shoot ratio increased firstly and inclined to slump finally. Plants under the middle water stress treatment achieved the greatest WUE of 38.25 kg/m3. The first 10d in the water control period was the most sensitive period of the pasture responding to water stress.

scholarly journals Reducing the Excessive Evaporative Demand Improved the Water-use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber by Regulating the Trade-off between Irrigation Demand and Plant Productivity

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1784-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalong Zhang ◽  
Yuping Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Lijie Qin ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
Irrigation Demand ◽  
Use Efficiency

Although atmospheric evaporative demand mediates water flow and constrains water-use efficiency (WUE) to a large extent, the potential to reduce irrigation demand and improve water productivity by regulating the atmospheric water driving force is highly uncertain. To bridge this gap, water transport in combination with plant productivity was examined in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown at contrasting evaporative demand gradients. Reducing the excessive vapor pressure deficit (VPD) decreased the water flow rate, which reduced irrigation consumption significantly by 16.4%. Reducing excessive evaporative demand moderated plant water stress, as leaf dehydration, hydraulic limitation, and excessive negative water potential were prevented by maintaining water balance in the low-VPD treatment. The moderation of plant water stress by reducing evaporative demand sustained stomatal function for photosynthesis and plant growth, which increased substantially fruit yield and shoot biomass by 20.1% and 18.4%, respectively. From a physiological perspective, a reduction in irrigation demand and an improvement in plant productivity were achieved concomitantly by reducing the excessive VPD. Consequently, WUE based on the criteria of plant biomass and fruit yield was increased significantly by 43.1% and 40.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and water use efficiency in the selection of tomato genotypes tolerant to water stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Borba ◽  
G.M. Maciel ◽  
E.F. Fraga Júnior ◽  
C.S. Machado Júnior ◽  
G.R. Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Physiological responses of argentine peanut varieties to water stress. Water uptake and water use efficiency

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J Collino ◽  
J.L Dardanelli ◽  
R Sereno ◽  
R.W Racca
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Use Efficiency

Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanike Aladenola ◽  
Chandra Madramootoo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Aladenola, O. and Madramootoo, C. 2014. Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 303–310. In order to optimize water use in bell pepper production information about the appropriate irrigation water applications and agronomic and physiological response to mild and severe water stress is necessary. Different water applications were tested on yield, quality and water stress threshold of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar Red Knight in 2011 and 2012 on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste Anne De Bellevue, QC. The study was carried out on a soil substrate in the greenhouse. Irrigation was scheduled with four treatments:120% (T1), 100% (T2), 80% (T3), and 40% (T4) replenishment of crop evapotranspiration in a completely randomized design. The highest marketable yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained with T1 in both years. T1 received 20% more water than T2 to produce 23% more marketable yield than T2. Fruit total soluble solids content was highest in T4, and smallest in T1. The mean crop water stress index (CWSI) of the irrigation treatments ranged between 0.08 and 1.18. Leaf stomatal conductance of bell pepper was 75 to 80% lower in T4 than in T1. Regression obtained between stomatal conductance and CWSI resulted in a polynomial curve with coefficients of determination of 0.88 and 0.97 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The result from this study indicate that the yield derived justifies the use of an extra quantity of water. Information from this study will help water regulators to make appropriate decision about water to be allocated for greenhouse production of bell pepper.

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