scholarly journals Evaluating Water Use Efficiency in China’s Western Provinces Based on a Slacks-Based Measure (SBM)-Undesirable Window Model and a Malmquist Productivity Index

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Yuyan Luo ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Yong Qin ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
Yanfeng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

This paper evaluated the water use efficiency in 12 Chinese western provinces from 2005 to 2015. Based on data availability and the index selection rationality and the slacks-based measure (SBM)-undesirable Window analysis model and the Malmquist productivity index, the water resource inputs and outputs were measured to analyze water use efficiency. Total investment in fixed assets for the whole society and total water, made up of total agricultural water, total industrial water, and total domestic water, were used as the input indexes, and regional GDP and waste water discharge were the output indexes, with the waste water discharge being regarded as an undesirable output. The data from different years and different provinces in the same period, and data from the same year and the same provinces in different periods were compared in order to derive the water resource efficiency and technical changes over time and space. It was found that the total water resource factor productivity in the 12 provinces grew slowly in the study period, that water resource technical progress positively affected water use efficiency, and that a lack of technical efficiency restricted water use efficiency growth. Several suggestions are given to optimize water use efficiency in the 12 provinces. The research findings and suggestions provide valuable reference for studies in related fields.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Use Efficiency in Sub-Sahara Africa : Application of The Malmquist Productivity Index

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Ethel Ansaah Addae ◽  
Nelson Amowini
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Efficiency Frontier ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

This paper presents the assessment of improvement in water use efficiency in sub-Sahara Africa based on the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). The study was conducted in 28 countries in sub-Sahara Africa from 2007 to 2017. Two test cases comprising data with water stress as undesired output, and without water stress as undesired output were analyzed to determine their level of impact on the improvement of water use efficiency. Again the technical efficiency as well as technological efficiency change were also examined. The overall mean outcome of the results regarding the test case of the MPI with the inclusion of water stress was 0.969 which is higher than the values recorded from 2012-2016. Comparing the two results, it was observed that the mean MPI estimates without water stress are much higher than that of the average MPI with the inclusion of water stress. This means that without the inclusion of undesirable factors such as water stress, the MPI scores could be overestimated. In terms of the catch-up effect, all sampled countries were technically efficient except Angola, Burundi, Chad, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Togo that could not meet the efficiency frontier of 1.00. With the technological efficiency change, the results indicated that none of the sampled countries was able to reach the efficiency frontier. Policy recommendations based on the results are provided.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in Northwest China—Based on a Super-DEA Model and a Spatial Panel Econometric Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Weinan Lu ◽  
Wenxin Liu ◽  
Mengyang Hou ◽  
Yuanjie Deng ◽  
Yue Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Improving agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is an important way to solve the shortage of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. This study used the Super-DEA (data envelopment analysis) to measure the AWUE of 52 cities in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018. Based on spatial and temporal perspectives, it applied Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) to explore the dynamic evolution and regional differences of AWUE. A spatial econometric model was then used to analyze the main factors that influence the AWUE in Northwest China. The results showed firstly that the overall AWUE in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018 presented a steady upward trend. However, only a few cities achieved effective agricultural water usage by 2018, and the differences among cities were obvious. Secondly, AWUE showed an obvious spatial autocorrelation in Northwest China and showed significant high–high and low–low agglomeration characteristics. Thirdly, economic growth, urbanization development, and effective irrigation have significant, positive effects on AWUE, while per capita water resource has a significant, negative influence. Finally, when improving the AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions, plans should be formulated according to local conditions. The results of this study can provide new ideas on the study of AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions and provide references for the formulation of regional agricultural water resource utilization policies as well.

Water use and water use efficiency of old and modern wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean-type environment

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
D Tennant ◽  
MW Perry ◽  
RK Belford
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water use and water use efficiency of old and modern wheat cultivars and one barley cultivar were measured in a Mediterranean environment at Merredin, W.A. Water use efficiency for grain increased substantially from old to modern cultivars, with little difference among modern cultivars. Water use efficiency for dry matter was similar between cultivars. Barley had the highest water use efficiency of both grain and dry matter. Improved water use efficiency for grain in modern cultivars was associated with faster development, earlier flowering, improved canopy structure and higher harvest index. Modern cultivars used slightly less water than old cultivars. The pattern of water use was also different, with late-maturing old cultivars using more water in the pre- than the post-anthesis period. The ratio of pre- to post-anthesis water use was highest with the late-maturing, old cultivar Purple Straw (5.2:1) and lowest with early-maturing, modern cultivar Gutha (3.0:1). Soil evaporation estimates showed that modern cultivars had lower rates of soil evaporation in the early part of the growing season. This was associated with their faster leaf area development and improved light interception. About 40% of the total water use was lost by soil evaporation with very little difference between wheat cultivars. Barley had 15% less soil evaporation than wheat. Water use efficiency for grain based on transpiration (transpiration efficiency) for the four modern cultivars was 15.8 kg ha-1 mm-1, similar to other studies in comparable environments. Some further improvement in water use efficiency appears possible through improvement in crop biomass and harvest index. However, given the frequent and severe limitations of total water supply at low rainfall sites such as Merredin, there appears to be more scope for improvement in yield and water use efficiency in the medium and high rainfall areas of the wheatbelt.

Technical Analysis for the Utilization of Unconventional Water Resource in Green Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Xiang Yang Jiang ◽  
Ching Hin Law ◽  
Jian Kun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Utilization Ratio

Building is a significant contributor for water consumption and it is necessary to increase water use efficiency. This research introduced the current problem in calculating water quota, discussed the calculation of domestic and miscellaneous water consumption and proposed the calculation method for the consumption of unconventional water resource. Finally by a case study, this paper summarized the calculation method and procedure for utilization ratio of unconventional water resource.

Polyamines in relation to metal concentration, distribution, relative water content and abscisic acid in wheat plants irrigated with waste water heavily polluted with heavy metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 4534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heshmat Soliman Aldesuquy
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Vigor

Present study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of grain presoaking in spermine (0.15 mM), spermidine (0.3 mM) and their interaction on growth vigor, metal distribution as well as leaf turgidity and abscisic acid in wheat plants. Waste water at concentrations 25%, 50% and 100% caused noticeable decreases in growth vigor of root and shoot, leaf area, relative water content and water use efficiency. On the other hand, waste water stress caused remarkable increases in heavy metals and saturation water deficit as well as abscisic acid content of flag leaf. Exogenous application of Spm, Spd or their interaction could counteract the adverse effects of heavy metals in waste water by improving growth vigor of root and shoot, water use efficiency, retention of leaf turgidity and decreasing abscisic acid in leaves and grains. Furthermore, these polyamines reduced heavy metals translocation from root to leaves till reach to grains.

Water Use, Grain Yield, and Osmoregulation in Wheat

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Morgan ◽  
AG Condon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
High Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Turgor Maintenance ◽  
Use Efficiency

Genotypic differences in turgor maintenance in wheat were shown to be associated with differences in grain yield in the field at both high and Low water deficits. High water deficits were produced by growing plants in field plots using water stored in the soil at sowing, and excluding rain with a rain cover. At low water deficits plants received rainfall, and irrigation was supplied before and immediately after sowing, at tillering, at jointing, at ear emergence, and during grain filling. Yield differences were analysed in terms of harvest index, water use, and water use efficiency. Water use was calculated from changes in soil water contents. At high water deficits all three factors were associated with differences in turgor maintenance. However, only the variations in water use and harvest index could be logically associated with differences in turgor maintenance. Analysis of the soil water extraction data showed that the differences in water use efficiency were due solely to differences in water use at depth while surface water losses were the same, i.e. the ratio of transpiration to soil evaporation would have been higher in low-osmoregulating genotypes. At low water deficits, no differences were observed in harvest index, though there were non-significant correlations between turgor maintenance and total water use efficiency or total water use. A similar result was obtained when the water use and yield data were related to osmoregulation measurements made in the glasshouse. It is therefore concluded that effects of turgor maintenance or osmoregulation on grain yield were primarily associated with differences in water use which were, in turn, due to differences in water extraction at soil depths between 25 and 150 cm.

Effects of Irrigation Schedules on Yield of Mustard (Brassica Juncea)

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Prihar ◽  
K. S. Sandhu ◽  
K. L. Khera ◽  
B. S. Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYIn a 3-year field study with mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on deep well-drained sandy loam and loamy sand soils, 11 post-sowing irrigation schedules based on pan evaporation and growth stages were compared. One irrigation three weeks after sowing gave maximum grain yield and water use efficiency, increasing yield 40% in 1973–74 and 30% in 1976–77 compared with no irrigation. The total water use in this treatment averaged 31·2 cm, of which 15·8 cm was extracted from the 0–180 cm soil profile. Use of soil water by the crop decreased with the amount of post-sowing irrigation. More than one post-sowing irrigation tended to decrease yield and water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Stable Negative Pressure Irrigation on the Growth and Development of Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
Jingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study was conducted with an objective to determine the optimal negative pressure irrigation suitable for growth and development of eggplant. The total water consumption, yield, growth and development, physiological activity, and quality of eggplant were tested using a pot experiment in a greenhouse with four treatments, namely -3, -8, -15 kPa and normal irrigation (C). The negative pressure was maintained using a stable negative pressure irrigation device. The total water consumption of eggplant was decreased by 20.51–70.00%, the total water consumption intensity was decreased by 22.18–70.27%, and the water use efficiency was increased by up to 7.45–41.48% under negative pressure irrigation compared with control (C). When the irrigation pressure was controlled at -3 kPa, the nitrate reductase activity, root activity, and chlorophyll content were increased by 6.14–15.5%, 11.11–33.33% and 20.04–51.58%, respectively. The yield of eggplant was also increased by 12.43% compared with control. The soluble sugars, soluble protein, and vitamin C contents of eggplant fruits at different maturation stages were increased by 14.47–47.22%, 16.33–58.78%, and 19.64–43.42% at -3 kPa, respectively, compared with the control. Taken together, it was observed that stable negative pressure irrigation in the range of -3 to -15 kPa obviously reduced water consumption of eggplant, and had a water saving effect. Negative pressure irrigation (-3 kPa) improved the water use efficiency, physiological activity, growth and development, and yield and quality of eggplant. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Yield and water use efficiency of cowpea under water deficit

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Paulo J. O. P. Souza ◽  
Thaynara F. Ramos ◽  
Lucilene de C. S. Fiel ◽  
Vivian D. da S. Farias ◽  
Denis de P. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The state of Pará is the main regional producer of cowpea, but its yield is still low compared to other states of the Northern region such as Amazonas and Tocantins, due to the management adopted and the water regime during the cycle, since its cultivation is conducted on a rainfed basis. The objective of this study was to evaluate how water deficit imposed during reproductive stage interferes in the yield of cowpea and in its water use efficiency under the climatic conditions of Castanhal, Pará, Brazil, for agricultural planning purposes. The experiment was carried out in Castanhal, northeastern region of the Pará state during the dry season of 2014, 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six blocks and four treatments, corresponding to different irrigation depths in the reproductive stage, defined as 100, 50, 25 and 0% of the crop evapotranspiration. Water use efficiency (WUE) was determined by the ratio between total grain yield and total water used in each treatment. Maximum water availability led to an average increase in yield of 58% compared to the treatment without irrigation. Water depths below 260 mm limited yield to values lower than 1,000 kg ha-1. The cultivar adopted had WUE of 4.63 kg ha-1 mm-1, in response to the higher levels of water supply, but showed WUE of 4.31 kg ha-1 mm-1 under water depth of 50% of water demand.

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