scholarly journals The Value of Bedside Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism in Severe Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Lower Limbs

Objective — To explore the diagnostic value of bedside transthoracic echocardiography combined with bedside lower extremity venous ultrasonography in patients with venous thromboembolism. Methods — Select 97 patients with high-risk Caprini scores and high-risk Padua scores from December 2019 to April 2021 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University as the research objects, all of whom completed bedside transthoracic echocardiography combined with bedside lower limbs or upper extremity venous ultrasound examination; compare the results of different ultrasound examinations with spiral CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA); analyze the diagnostic value of bedside transthoracic echocardiography combined with bedside lower extremity venous ultrasound in patients with pulmonary embolism. Results — 97 patients with high-risk Caprini score and high-risk Padua score were confirmed by CTPA in 41 cases of pulmonary embolism; bedside transthoracic echocardiography, bedside lower extremity or upper extremity venous ultrasonography for venous thromboembolism were all positive in 35 cases; among them, 32 cases were confirmed by CTPA as pulmonary embolism, and the diagnostic compliance rate with the gold standard was 87.63%; bedside transthoracic echocardiography combined with bedside lower extremity venous ultrasonography had a diagnostic sensitivity of 78.05% and a diagnostic specificity of 94.64%; Conclusion — Bedside transthoracic echocardiography and bedside lower extremity venous ultrasonography combined for venous thromboembolism can improve the specificity of diagnosis, and it is worthy of popularization and application.

scholarly journals Venous Thromboembolism Within Professional American Sport Leagues

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711774553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Bishop ◽  
Matthew Astolfi ◽  
Eric Padegimas ◽  
Peter DeLuca ◽  
Sommer Hammoud
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deep Vein

Background: Numerous reports have described players in professional American sports leagues who have been sidelined with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or a pulmonary embolism (PE), but little is known about the clinical implications of these events in professional athletes. Purpose: To conduct a retrospective review of injury reports from the National Hockey League (NHL), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Football League (NFL) to take a closer look at the incidence of DVT/PE, current treatment approaches, and estimated time to return to play in professional athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: An online search of all team injury and media reports of DVT/PE in NHL, MLB, NBA, and NFL players available for public record was conducted by use of Google, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus. Searches were conducted using the professional team name combined with blood clot, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. Results: A total of 55 venous thromboembolism (VTE) events were identified from 1999 through 2016 (NHL, n = 22; MLB, n = 16; NFL, n = 12; NBA, n = 5). Nineteen athletes were reported to have an upper extremity DVT, 15 had a lower extremity DVT, 15 had a PE, and 6 had DVT with PE. Six athletes sustained more than 1 VTE. The mean age at time of VTE was 29.3 years (range, 19-42 years). Mean (±SD) time lost from play was 6.7 ± 4.9 months (range, 3 days to career end). Seven athletes did not return to play. Players with upper extremity DVT had a faster return to play (mean ± SD, 4.3 ± 2.7 months) than those with lower extremity DVT (5.9 ± 3.8 months), PE (10.8 ± 6.8 months), or DVT with PE (8.2 ± 2.6 months) ( F = 5.69, P = .002). No significant difference was found regarding time of return to play between sports. Conclusion: VTE in professional athletes led to an average of 6.7 months lost from play. The majority of athletes were able to return to play after a period of anticoagulation or surgery. Those with an upper extremity DVT returned to play faster than those with other types of VTE. Further study is needed to look into modifiable risk factors for these events and to establish treatment and return-to-play guidelines to ensure the safety of these athletes.

scholarly journals Forty-One-Year-Old Man with Pulmonary Embolism 5 Months After COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117954842098665
Author(s):  
Muhanad Taha ◽  
Paul Nguyen ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Mazen Taha ◽  
Lobelia Samavati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
One Year

Background: Hypercoagulation is one of the striking features of COVID-19. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are at high risk for venous thromboembolism. However, it is unknown if the risk for venous thromboembolism persists after discharge. Case Summary: We report a case with pulmonary embolism 5 months after COVID-19. No risk factors for venous thrombosis have been identified. Conclusion: In COVID-19 related hospitalization, large studies are needed to identify the risk of venous thromboembolism after discharge.

Venous Thromboembolism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo A. Escobar ◽  
Peter K. Henke ◽  
Thomas W. Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Deep Vein

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) comprise venous thromboembolism (VTE). Together, they comprise a serious health problem as there are over 275,000 new VTE cases per year in the United States, resulting in a prevalence of one to two per 1,000 individuals, with some studies suggesting that the incidence may even be double that. This review covers assessment of a VTE event, initial evaluation of a patient suspected of having VTE, medical history, clinical presentation of VTE, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, imaging, prophylaxis against perioperative VTE, indications for immediate intervention (threat to life or limb), indications for urgent intervention, and management of nonemergent VTE. Figures show a modified Caprini score questionnaire used at the University of Michigan to determine individual risk of VTE and the indicated prophylaxis regimen; Wells criteria for DVT and PE; phlegmasia cerulea dolens secondary to acute left iliofemoral DVT after thigh trauma; compression duplex ultrasonography of lower extremity veins; computed tomographic angiogram of the chest demonstrating a thrombus in the pulmonary artery, with extension into the right main pulmonary; management of PE according to Wells criteria findings; management of PE with right heart strain in cases of massive or submassive PE; treatment of DVT according to clinical scenario; a lower extremity venogram of a patient with May-Thurner syndrome and its subsequent endovascular treatment; and various examples of retrievable vena cava filters (not drawn to scale). Tables list initial clinical assessment for VTE, clinical scenarios possibly benefiting from prolonged anticoagulation after VTE, indications for laboratory investigation of secondary thrombophilia, venous thromboembolic risk accorded to hypercoagulable states, and Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria Score to avoid the need for D-dimer in patients suspected of having PE.   This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 167 references. Key words: anticoagulation; deep vein thrombosis; postthrombotic syndrome; pulmonary embolism; recurrent venous thromboembolism; thrombophilia; venous thromboembolism; PE; VTE; DVT 

scholarly journals Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis: risk factors, diagnosis, treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Camelia C. DIACONU ◽  
◽  
Mădălina ILIE ◽  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
Effort Thrombosis

Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis is a condition with increasing prevalence, with high risk of morbidity and mortality, due to embolic complications. In the majority of the cases, thrombosis involves more than one venous segment, most frequently being affected the subclavian vein, followed by internal jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein and basilic vein. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients without risk factors for thrombosis is called primary deep venous thrombosis and includes idiopathic thrombosis and effort thrombosis. Deep venous thrombosis of upper extremity is called secondary when there are known risk factors and it is encountered mainly in older patients, with many comorbidities. The positive diagnosis is established only after paraclinical and imaging investigations, ultrasonography being the most useful diagnostic method. The most important complication, with high risk of death, is pulmonary embolism. Treatment consists in anticoagulant therapy, for preventing thrombosis extension and pulmonary embolism.

Venous thromboembolism: deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a neurosurgical population

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khaldi ◽  
Naseem Helo ◽  
Michael J. Schneck ◽  
Thomas C. Origitano
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Pharmacological Prophylaxis ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedure ◽  
Dvt Prophylaxis ◽  
Subcutaneous Heparin ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

Object Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a combination of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major cause of morbidity and death in neurosurgical patients. This study evaluates 1) the risk of developing lower-extremity DVT following a neurosurgical procedure; 2) the timing of initiation of pharmacological DVT prophylaxis upon the occurrence of VTE; and 3) the relationship between DVT and PE as related to VTE prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients. Methods The records of all neurosurgical patients between January 2006 and December 2008 (2638 total) were reviewed for clinical documentation of VTE. As part of a quality improvement initiative, a subgroup of 1638 patients was studied during the implementation of pharmacological prophylaxis. A high-risk group of 555 neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit underwent surveillance venous lower-extremity duplex ultrasonography studies twice weekly. All patients throughout the review received mechanical DVT prophylaxis. Pharmacological DVT prophylaxis, consisting of 5000 U of subcutaneous heparin twice daily (initially started within 48 hours of a neurosurgical procedure and subsequently within 24 hours of a procedure) was implemented in combination with mechanical prophylaxis. The DVT and PE rates were calculated for each group. Results In the surveillance group (555 patients), 84% of the DVTs occurred within 1 week and 92% within 2 weeks of a neurosurgical procedure. There was a linear correlation between the duration of surgery and DVT development. The use of subcutaneous heparin reduced the rate of DVT from 16% to 9% when medication was given at either 24 or 48 hours postoperatively, without any increase in hemorrhagic complications. In the overall group (2638 patients), there were 94 patients who exhibited clinical signs of a possible PE and therefore underwent spiral CT; 22 of these patients (0.8%) had radiological confirmation of PE. There was no correlation between the use of pharmacological prophylaxis at either time point and the occurrence of PE, despite a 43% reduction in the lower-extremity DVT rate with pharmacological intervention. Conclusions The majority of DVTs occurred within the first week after a neurosurgical procedure. There was a linear correlation between the duration of surgery and DVT occurrence. Use of early subcutaneous heparin (at either 24 or 48 hours) was associated with a 43% reduction of developing a lower-extremity DVT, without an increase in surgical site hemorrhage. There was no association of pharmacological prophylaxis with overall PE occurrence.

Performance of magnetic resonance angiography in suspected acute pulmonary embolism

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (03) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelouahab Bellou ◽  
Francis Guillemin ◽  
Philippe Douek ◽  
Marie-Claude Laprévote-Heully ◽  
Denis Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Clinical Probability

SummaryPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially fatal disorder. Non-specific findings make the clinical diagnosis of PE difficult. To assess the diagnostic value and inter-observer agreement of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a cohort of patients with suspected PE, we conducted a prospective clinical study. MRA was compared for sensitivity and specificity to a diagnostic strategy including clinical probability, D-dimer testing, spiral CT, ultrasound leg compression and pulmonary angiography. A total of 89 patients with clinically suspected PE were included: the clinical probability of PE was intermediate or high in 78, and low in the remaining 11. All patients underwent mono-or multi-slice spiral CT and MRA with gadolinium injection (both within 24 hours of entry to the study). Anticoagulation was withheld in patients concerned about the strategy. All subjects were followed up for 3 months. MRA was read independently by two experienced teams of radiologists: one local and one from another university centre. Spiral CT was positive in 62 of 63 cases of confirmed PE. No patient with negative CT findings was positive ultrasonographically. Only one patient with a negative CT (and negative ultrasound) had a recurrent thromboembolic event. The first team diagnosed PE with MRA in 47 cases, with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 92%; the second team obtained the diagnosis in 23 cases, with a sensitivity of 31% and a specificity of 85%. Inter-observer agreement between MRA reading was low: Kappa = 0.16 (-0.01 to 0.33); p = 0.07. In conclusion, compared with a non-invasive strategy based on spiral CT, the diagnostic value of MRA is limited by poor inter-observer agreement.

Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis - Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management. The Worcester Venous Thromboembolism Study.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 584-584
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Spencer3 ◽  
Robert J. Goldberg ◽  
Darleen Lessard ◽  
Cathy Emery ◽  
Apar Bains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Background: Recent observations suggest that upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has become more common over the last few decades. However the prevalence of this disorder within the community has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare the occurrence rate, risk factor profile, management strategies, and hospital outcomes in patients with upper versus lower extremity DVT in a cohort of all Worcester residents diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 1999. Methods: The medical records of all residents from the Worcester, MA statistical metropolitan area (2000 census=478,000) diagnosed with ICD-9 codes consistent with possible DVT and/or pulmonary embolism at all 11 Worcester hospitals during the years 1999, 2001, and 2003 are being reviewed by trained data abstractors. Validation of each case of VTE is performed using prespecified criteria. Results: A total of 483 cases have been validated as acute DVT events - this represents all cases of DVT occurring in residents of the Worcester SMSA in 1999. For purposes of this analysis we have excluded 4 patients with both upper and lower extremity DVT. Upper extremity DVT was diagnosed in 68 (14.2%) of patients versus 411 (85.8%) cases of lower extremity DVT. Patients with upper extremity DVT were younger, more likely to be Hispanic, more likely to have renal disease and more likely to have had a recent central venous catheter, infection, surgery, ICU stay, or chemotherapy than patients with lower extremity DVT. They were less likely to have had a prior DVT or to have developed their current DVT as an outpatient. Although less likely to be treated with heparin, LMWH, or warfarin they were more likely to suffer major bleeding complications. Recurrence rates of VTE during hospitalization were very low in both groups. Conclusions: Patients with upper extremity DVT comprise a small but clinically important proportion of all patients with DVT in the community setting. Their risk profiles differs from patients with lower extremity DVT suggesting strategies for DVT prophylaxis and treatment for this group may need to be tailored. Characteristics of Patients with Upper versus Lower Extremity DVT Upper extremity (n=68) Lower extremity (n=417) P value *Recent = < 3 months Demographics Mean Age, yrs 59.3 66.5 <0.001 Male (%) 51.5 45 NS Race (%) <0.05 White 86.6 91.6 Black 1.5 3.2 Hispanic 9.0 2.0 VTE Setting (%) <0.001 Community 53.8 76.2 Hospital Acquired 46.2 23.8 Risk Factors (%) Recent Central Venous Catheter 61.8 11.9 <0.001 Recent Infection 48.5 32.4 <0.01 Recent Surgery 47.8 28.1 <0.001 Cancer 44.1 32.6 0.06 Recent Immobility 38.2 47.0 NS Recent chemotherapy 25 9.5 <0.001 Renal disease 23.5 1.7 <0.0001 Recent ICU discharge 23.5 15.1 0.07 Recent CHF 19.1 16.6 NS Previous DVT 3.0 18.7 <0.01 Anticoagulant prophylaxis (%) During hospital admission (n=125) 76.7 71.6 NS During recent prior hospital admission (n=188) 73.7 54.7 <0.05 During recent surgery (n=146) 62.5 55.3 NS Hospital therapy - treatment doses (%) Any heparin/LMWH 66.2 82 <0.01 Warfarin at discharge 53.1 71.2 <0.01 Hospital Outcomes (%) Length of stay (mean, d) 11.2 6.8 <0.01 Major bleeding 11.8 4.9 <0.05 Recurrent DVT 1.5 1.0 NS Recurrent PE 0 0.2 NS Hospital Mortality 4.5 4.1 NS

Post-discharge venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for surgical oncology patients.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
Ashlie Nadler ◽  
Mary Ellen Morba ◽  
Jesse Pezzella ◽  
Jeffrey M. Farma
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Thromboembolism Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis

79 Background: A number of guidelines have been proposed for prolonged venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following hospital discharge for cancer patients undergoing major abdominal or pelvic surgery. However, there is disparity in how closely these guidelines are followed. The purpose of this study was to examine the administration and complications of post-discharge chemical VTE prophylaxis (pdVTE) at an institutional level among surgical oncology patients to help inform policy creation. Methods: A retrospective study at a tertiary referral cancer center was performed. Data was analyzed for patients undergoing surgery in 2015. Chi-square tests were performed. Results: Of 566 colorectal, urologic, and gynecologic surgical oncology procedures performed in 2015, 24% (137) were discharged with a prescription for enoxaparin for pdVTE. An additional 24 patients were already on another form of anticoagulation at the time of discharge. Of the patients discharged on pdVTE, 77% (105) had the prescriptions filled. The compliance rate of those patients was 96% (101). The rate of VTE was 3.5% for all patients. There was a significantly greater rate of VTE amongst patients that received pdVTE (10.4%) compared to those who did not (1.6%) (OR 7.20, CI 2.80-18.46, p < 0.001). For each subspecialty, there was also a significantly greater rate of VTE amongst patients that received pdVTE (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a very low rate of pdVTE administration despite current guidelines. Identifying patients who received pdVTE appears to identify patients at high risk for VTE rather than the benefits of pdVTE. Institutional policies regarding prolonged VTE prophylaxis should be implemented to target high-risk patients and to ensure appropriate prescribing practices. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals A Possible Association of Diindolylmethane with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Bui ◽  
Maan Moualla ◽  
Dona J. Upson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Right Middle Lobe

Introduction.3,3′-Diindolylmethane is available as a supplement in the United States for “cancer prevention” and “augmentation of physical fitness.” A derivative of indole-3-carbinol found in plants, diindolylmethane, binds to receptors associated with the sex steroid pathways and has unclear effects on estrogen and androgen physiology. We present a patient who had been taking diindolylmethane and developed right lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and bilateral pulmonary embolism.Case Presentation.A 65-year-old man presented with swelling, erythema, and warmth of his right lower extremity for three to four weeks. He had been taking diindolylmethane one tablet daily for three to four months. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism included tobacco use, personal history of possible pulmonary embolism, body mass index, and age. Imaging studies found extensive deep venous thrombosis in his right lower extremity and bilateral pulmonary embolism with probable right middle lobe infarction. Follow-up imaging showed chronic deep venous thrombosis in his right lower extremity.Discussion.As suggested in this single case, patients who take diindolylmethane may be at greater risk for venous thromboembolism. Further reports and studies are necessary in order to elucidate this possible association. Clinicians should question patients about supplements in the setting of venous thromboembolism.

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