The effect of photosynthetic chlorophyll pigment in the conditions of various moisture supply on winter bread wheat productivity

The current paper has presented the study results on estimating the eﬀect of the upper leaves’ area of winter bread wheat samples on productivity and its elements. There have been tested nine winter bread wheat varieties of intensive type developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The current study has identiﬁed that the largest upper leaves’ area under insuﬃcient moisture supply during the periods of head formation and ﬂowering was produced by the variety “Etyud” (31 cm2 in a heading period; 29.4 cm2 in a ﬂowering period). During the period of milky kernel ripening, the variety “Shef” has also shown the largest upper leaves’ area under insuﬃcient moisture supply (17.7 cm2). The variety “Yubiley Dona” has shown a minimal decrease in the upper leaves area to milky kernel ripeness (40%). The evaluation results of productivity and its structure have shown that the largest value of the number of productive stems per 1 m2 in arid conditions was identiﬁed in the varieties “Etyud” (261 pcs.) and “Shef” (254 pcs.). According to the number of kernels per main head, the variety “Donskaya Step” was the best with 32 pcs. Large kernel weight per main head was identiﬁed in the varieties “Donskaya Step” (0.72 g), “Shef” and “Etyud” (0.67 g), and according to 1000 kernel weight the varieties “Etyud” (25.9 g) and “Zodiak” (25.2 g) were the best ones. The varieties “Etyud” (163.7 g/m2) and “Shef” (168.6 g/m2) have produced the maximum yields, that means the best functioning of all productive systems of winter bread wheat. The estimation of the samples according to the correlation between photosynthesis eﬃciency of the upper leaves’ area and kernel percentage (ZFL) has identiﬁed the samples “Donskaya Step”, “1005/14”, “Univer”. According to the correlation between photosynthesis eﬃciency of the upper leaves’ area and kernel weight per head (MFFL) the variety “Donskaya Step” showed the best results. The conducted study ad obtained results made it possible to identify the varieties “Shef”, “Etyud” and “Donskaya Step”. The identiﬁed varieties have been proposed for further use in the breeding process.

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Leaf surface index as an indicator of moisture responsiveness and drought resistance of winter bread wheat samples

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-78-6-9-14 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

V. L. Gaze ◽

V. A. Golubova ◽

I. A. Lobunskaya

Keyword(s):

Drought Resistance ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Raw Material ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Index Change ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Chlorophyll Pigment ◽

Moisture Supply ◽

Growing Conditions

The growth and productivity of drought-prone varieties are strongly influenced by the chlorophyll pigment content and the development of plants’ foliage. The current climate changing, characterized by long no-rain periods followed by short intense rainfalls, is forcing plants to adopt different strategies to cope with drought. The purpose of the current study is to estimate the effect of growing conditions on the indicators of the total leaf area, leaf surface index (LSI) of sowing, the concentration of chlorophylls (Chl) in the leaves and the yield of winter wheat, depending on the value of their moisture supply. There have been established that the leaf surface index change and the preservation of chlorophyll pigment in foliage during the vegetation period is closely related to plants’ drought resistance, soil moisture reserve and a genotype. Under conditions of insufficient moisture supply, the maximum values of the leaf surface index in the heading phase were formed by the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (5.99 r.u) and ‘Etyud’ (2.49 r.u.). The highest content of chlorophyll pigment, both in the heading phase and in the flowering phase, was identified in the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (3.7; 3.0 mg/100 g of raw material), ‘Etyud’ (3.4; 3.2 mg/100 g of raw material) and ‘Volny Don’ (3.2; 3.0 mg/100 g of raw material), respectively. Acording to the value of productivity, the reliably standard variety ‘Don 107’ has exceeded the varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Asket’, ‘Volny Don’.

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The effect of moisture supply conditions on productivity of winter bread wheat, sown after various forecrops in the southern part of the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-78-6-83-87 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 83-87

Author(s):

A. S. Popov ◽

G. V. Ovsyannikova ◽

А. А. Sukharev

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Humus Content ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Moisture Supply

Weather and climatic conditions determine moisture supply, which is the main factor affecting winter wheat productivity in the area of unstable moisture. The current study was carried out on the experimental plot of the laboratory for cultivation technology of grain crops of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2010–2020. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary calcareous heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The humus horizon was powerful up to 140 cm. The humus content was 3.9%. The purpose of the study was to establish the moisture supply of winter bread wheat when cultivated according to various forecrops. There has been found that the autumn periods in the most years of study were arid with 37% of precipitation. Winter wheat plants from September to June were provided with 70% of precipitation, with a 1022.55 of air humidity deficit and 664.7 mm of water demand. There was found that, on average over the years of study, 88% of moisture supply promoted yielding of 7.03 t/ha of winter wheat sown in weedfree fallow. In order to yield a ton of grain there was required 591.7 m3 of total moisture. The share of precipitation in this moisture consumption was 84%, and the share of soil moisture was 16%. When sown after sunflower, moisture provision was 77%, and winter wheat yield was 5.32 t/ha. In order to yield a ton of grain there was required 657.3 m3 of total moisture, which was on 65.6 m3 more than in the variant with a weedfree fallow. The share of precipitation in this moisture consumption was 96%, and the share of soil moisture was 4%.

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Vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, and yield of winter bread wheat varieties of Myronivka breeding

Myronivka Bulletin ◽

10.31073/mvis201909-08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (0) ◽

pp. 59-62

Author(s):

A. V. Pirych ◽

T. V. Yurchenko ◽

O. V. Humeniuk

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽

Vernalization Requirement ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Winter Bread Wheat

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The choice of the terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for winter bread wheat in the southern part of the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-69-3-43-47 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

A. A. Sukharev ◽

G. M. Zelenskaya

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Scattering Method ◽

Net Income ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Productivity Increase ◽

Control Variant

The current paper has presented the results of three years’ study (2012–2014) of the application of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for the winter bread wheat variety “Stanichnaya”. There has been studied efficiency of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing with various forecrops. There has been identified an effect of these additional fertilizing on winter bread wheat productivity according to the forecrops. In the control variant, the productivity of the variety according to the forecrop depended greatly on the forecrops: 5.52 t/ha (weedfree fallow), 5.26 t/ha (peas), 4.29 t/ha (maize for grains) and 3.57 t/ha (winter wheat). There has been identified large productivity in the autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method (in all variants of the forecrops), the productivity raised on 0.38–0.73 t/ha. The study has shown that the economic effect of the ammonium nitrate fertilizing in the autumn was also at maximum profitability, 76–154%, and the conditional net income was 10 675–22 955 rubles/ha. The efficiency of ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring on thawed/frozen soil was lower, the productivity increase ranged from 0.21 t/ha sown after peas to 0.65 t/ha sown after maize. Root additional fertilizing with a seeder gave a positive effect only when the variety was sown after for winter wheat and maize, in that case the productivity increase was 0.52 t/ha and 0.46 t/ha, respectively. The conditional net income in these variants exceeded the control variant on 1574–2123 rubles/ha. Carbamide (urea) additional fertilizing was only effective for the variety sown after maize, where the productivity increase was 0.40 t/ha, but profitability (100%) and conditional net income (16 593 rubles/ha) were lower than with ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring (112% and 18 080 rubles/ha respectively).

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Characteristic of the bread wheat leaf rust pathogen virulence in the Saratov region conditions

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2020i9pp40-44 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-44

Author(s):

Sergey Nikolaevich Sibikeev ◽

Elmira Alexandrovna Konkova ◽

Maria Fedorovna Salmova

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Partial Loss ◽

Pathogen Virulence ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

High Virulence ◽

Wheat Leaf ◽

Pathogen Populations

The studies were conducted in the Lababoratory of plant immunity Agricultural Research Institute for South-East Regions Russia. The samples of pathogen populations were collected from commercial and promising cultivars of spring and winter bread wheat at the end of their growing season at the maximum level of disease development in a field nursery. Then this inoculum's has been propagated on susceptible cultivars of bread wheat in the laboratory conditions. During three years of studies (2017-2019) 30 monopustules isolates has been studied. These studied isolates were avirulent to Thatcher near isogenic lines with genes Lr41, Lr42, Lr43+24, Lr53 and virulent to Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3bg, Lr3ka, Lr10, Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr16, Lr17, Lr18, Lr21, lr22a, lr22b, lr25, lr28, LR 30, Lr32, Lr33, Lr34, Lr35, lr36, lr37, LR 38, Lr40, LR44, Lr45, LR b, LR W, LR Erph, LR Kanred, Lr57, Lr67. The significant variation for virulence was observed in lines with the Lr20, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr29, and Lr47 genes. The study of the P. triticina population structure in 2017-2019 revealed a partial loss of the effectiveness of the Lr47 gene. It was found that populations of P. triticina in 2017-2019 were characterized by high virulence.

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Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation conditions of prospective genotypes of winter bread wheat by in planta method

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v28.1377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 66-71

Author(s):

O. V. Dubrovna ◽

L. V. Slivka

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Optical Density ◽

Dna Transfer ◽

Plant Genome ◽

In Planta ◽

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation ◽

The Third ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Inoculation Medium

Aim. Optimization of conditions for genetic transformation of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) by in planta method. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by in planta method using the strain AGL0 and vector construct pBi2E. Results. The influence of air temperature, optical density of cells of agrobacterial suspension, inoculation day and composition of inoculation medium on the frequency of obtaining transgenic plants of new winter wheat genotypes was studied. The dependence of the frequency obtaining of transgenic plants from environmental conditions, in particular temperature, has been established. It was found that the temperature regime of 20-22°C provided the largest number (4.8%) of wheat transformants, and when the temperature is reduced to 16-18°C there is a decrease in the efficiency of T-DNA transfer into the plant genome and the lowest frequency of transformation (0.7%). Conclusions. The largest number of transformants was obtained using a inoculation medium without sucrose, the optical density of cells of the agrobacterial suspension of 0.6 op.od. and inoculation on the third day after castration of ears. Keywords: T. aestivum, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta, optimization of conditions.

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