scholarly journals The choice of the terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for winter bread wheat in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
G. M. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Control Variant

The current paper has presented the results of three years’ study (2012–2014) of the application of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for the winter bread wheat variety “Stanichnaya”. There has been studied efficiency of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing with various forecrops. There has been identified an effect of these additional fertilizing on winter bread wheat productivity according to the forecrops. In the control variant, the productivity of the variety according to the forecrop depended greatly on the forecrops: 5.52 t/ha (weedfree fallow), 5.26 t/ha (peas), 4.29 t/ha (maize for grains) and 3.57 t/ha (winter wheat). There has been identified large productivity in the autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method (in all variants of the forecrops), the productivity raised on 0.38–0.73 t/ha. The study has shown that the economic effect of the ammonium nitrate fertilizing in the autumn was also at maximum profitability, 76–154%, and the conditional net income was 10 675–22 955 rubles/ha. The efficiency of ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring on thawed/frozen soil was lower, the productivity increase ranged from 0.21 t/ha sown after peas to 0.65 t/ha sown after maize. Root additional fertilizing with a seeder gave a positive effect only when the variety was sown after for winter wheat and maize, in that case the productivity increase was 0.52 t/ha and 0.46 t/ha, respectively. The conditional net income in these variants exceeded the control variant on 1574–2123 rubles/ha. Carbamide (urea) additional fertilizing was only effective for the variety sown after maize, where the productivity increase was 0.40 t/ha, but profitability (100%) and conditional net income (16 593 rubles/ha) were lower than with ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring (112% and 18 080 rubles/ha respectively).

scholarly journals Periods of ammonium nitrate application during the cultivation of soft winter wheat variety Krasa Dona in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
А. A. Sukharev ◽  
G. V. Ovsyannikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The studies were carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2017-2019 on typical carbonate chernozem. Studied was the efficiency of periods of ammonium nitrate application (N30, N30+30 ) in autumn when the vegetation season is finished, in spring in the thawed soil, and during the tillering phaseon the yield and quality of winter wheat grain of Krasa Dona variety by different seed sowing rates (500, 600, 700 pcs/m2). Soft winter wheat variety Krasa Donacultivated after sunflower has shown a good reaction to double nitrogen top-dressing in autumn and in spring (N30 in autumn when the autumn growing season is finished + N30 in spring on thawed soil). In this variant there has been formed the largest yield of 6.09-6.18 t/ha. The productivity excess over the control variant (without nitrogen top-dressings) was 2.38-2.63 t/ha, depending on the seeding rate, which significantly exceeded the level of LSD05 in the experiment (LSD05 = 0.24 t/ha). In addition, in this variant with the seeding rate of 500 pcs/m2 the maximum economic efficiency was obtained. The profitability was 121.3 %, and the contingent net income was 34,268 rub/ha. The application of nitrogen fertilizing provided an increase in the mass of 1000 grains to 42.6-43.0 g (39.8-40.2 g in the control) and increased the gluten content in the grain to 20.5-21.8 % (18.6-18.8 % in the control).

scholarly journals The new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
M. M. Ivanisov ◽  
D. M. Marchenko ◽  
E. I. Nekrasov ◽  
I. A. Rubas’ ◽  
I. V. Romanyukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Bread Wheat Variety

There has been presented the characteristics of the new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ according to economically valuable traits and properties. The development of early-maturing grain crop varieties is one of the main issues of grain production. The combination of a relatively short vegetation period with high productivity in one genotype helps to solve a number of agricultural concerns. This allows using techniques more systematic, reducing the intensity of harvesting and yield loss significantly, which occur when cultivating simultaneously maturing varieties on large areas. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ on the basis of a set of economically valuable traits. The study was carried out in 2015–2019 with such forecrops as maize for grain, weedfree fallow, peas and sunflower. In the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” a lot of work is being done on winter wheat breeding, and one of the important directions is the development of early-maturing varieties. The winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2020 and approved for use the North Caucasus and Nizhne-Volga regions. According to the length of the growing period, it belongs to the early-maturing group. Its high and stable productivity with various forecrops is explained by a complex of positive economically valuable traits and properties, such as high productivity of a head, resistance to lodging and brown rust, high frost resistance (the same as that of the variety ‘Don 107’). The variety ‘Zhavoronok’ is capable of producing good yields and full grain in arid years, its early maturity allows it to ‘escape’ drought, disease and other unfavorable conditions.

scholarly journals SOME ELEMENTS OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF WINTER BREAD WHEAT VARIETY ‘KRASA DONA’

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
A.A. Sukharev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Bread Wheat Variety ◽  
Late Sowing

The climate of the Rostov region is gradually becoming arid. Therefore, winter wheat crops suffer from autumn drought, which results in germination decrease and the necessity to increase the seeding rate. However, new varieties developed in the Agricultural research center “Donskoy” have high energy of tillering both in autumn and in spring, which makes it possible to reduce the seeding rates without crop productivity decrease. The purpose of the current study was to determine the optimal seeding rates for soft winter wheat variety ‘Krasa Dona’ at different planting dates, which allow obtaining high yields with maximum economic efficiency of grain production. The trials were carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2017–2019. The current study has shown that planting dates significantly affect the productivity of winter bread wheat variety ‘Krasa Dona’ sown after such preceding crops as weedfree fallow and sunflower. When the variety was sown in a weedfree fallow on September 10, the productivity was 7.43–7.62 t/ha, on September 20 it was 8.12–8.26 t/ha, on September 30 it was 7.96–8.11 t/ha, on October 10 it was 7.31–7.62, i.e. there was a significant difference between the variants with seeding rates only at the late sowing period. The seeding rate increase at the late sowing periods, even with profitability decrease, has contributed to an additional conditional net income of up to 1470–1670 rubles/ha due to productivity improvement. Depending on a sowing period, the productivity of the winter bread wheat sown after sunflower was 5.23–5.92 t/ha. Furthermore, an increase in seeding rate from 5 to 6–7 million/ha resulted in productivity increase only by 0.08–0.23 t/ha. When ‘Krasa Dona’ was sown on September 20, September 30 and October 10, the maximum conditional net income 27554–32174 rubles/ha at a seeding rate of 6 million/ha was obtained, that was 536–1064 rubles/ha more than in the variant with a seeding rate of 5 million/ha. Different planting dates and seeding rates had no significant effect on the qualitative traits of grain.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE PREPARATION ‘AGRIMITIN’ ON WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. A. Popov ◽  
G. V. Ovsyannikova ◽  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
N. G. Dupliy
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Productivity Increase

The use of biological stimulants promotes plant metabolism, which improves the utilization of mineral fertilizers and plant defense mechanisms against the effect of unfavorable factors. The paper discusses the results of winter wheat seed treatment with ‘Agrimitin’ and a fungicide disinfectant ‘Vintsit Forte’. It has been determined that seed treatment with the preparations promoted the increase of winter wheat productivity. In 2017–2018 after seed treatment with ‘Agrimitin’, the average productivity increase was 0.18 t/ha for the winter soft wheat variety ‘Lydia’ and 0.25 t/ ha for the winter durum wheat variety ‘Lazurit’ compared with the productivity of the control variety. The combined use of preparations promoted the productivity increase on 0.37 t / ha for the winter soft wheat and on 0.44 t /ha for the winter durum wheat. The structural analysis of productivity showed that the use of preparations increased the number of productive stems to 580–648 pcs/ m2 in comparison with 564–621 pcs/m2 of the control variety. A number of kernels per ear and mass of kernels per ear of winter soft wheat after seed treatment had no significant increase. Winter durum wheat showed better effect of seed treatment: ‘number of kernels per ear’ increased from 30.6 pcs. to 32.8 pcs., and ‘mass of kernels per ear’ raised from 1.38 g to 1.55 g. The maximum profitability of winter soft and durum wheat production was identified in the variant with a combined use of the preparations ‘Agrimitin’ + ‘Protravitel’ (184.2% and 208.6% respectively). At the same time, the net income rate of winter soft wheat increased on 3,136 rubles/ha and that of winter durum wheat increased on 4,624 rubles/ha, compared to the the net income rate of the control variety (58145 rubles/ ha and 64796 rubles/ha, respectively).

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

scholarly journals Assessment of potential winter hardiness in winter bread wheat cultivars and genotypes by analyzing autofluorescence in seedling tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
I. V. Karkhardin ◽  
A. A. Konovalov ◽  
N. P. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat

Background.Winter crops are the most productive component of agricultural biocenoses. In Russia, winter wheat suffers the greatest losses in winter, so a search for traits marking high or low winter hardiness in autumn-sown genotypes, including improved cultivars, is needed to assess their potential for overwintering. One of such markers of high winter hardiness is an increased lignin content in plant tissues. The terminal enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway of metabolism, wherein lignin components are formed, is cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195). In plants, the CAD enzyme is one of the links in the aromatic metabolism, which generates, in addition to lignin, a number of aromatic compounds, such as lignans, aromatic glycosides, etc. Many of these compounds, like lignin, contain chromophore groups and are capable of autofluorescence.Correlations of the genotypes that incorporate CAD1-F with overwintering are studied in this work.Materials and methods.The winter bread wheat cultivars ‘Zitnica’ (Yugoslavia) and ‘Novosibirskaya 9’ (ICG SB RAS, Russia), contrasting in winter hardiness and CAD isozyme spectra, their hybrids, and 28 improved winter cultivars developed in Krasnodar were selected for the study. Fluorescence analysis of 28 winter wheat cultivars was also performed. Correlation coefficients between fluorescence and frost tolerance were calculated using the results of the analysis of 7 most contrasting cultivars.Conclusions. The tested winter bread wheat genotypes demonstrated the interplay between CAD1-F and successful overwintering: a correlation was found in the genotypes carrying the 00 CAD1-F allele with higher percentage of overwintered plants. This dependence was not observed in every season. The analysis of seedling sections for fluorescence can also be used for preliminary assessment of winter tolerance in winter bread wheat under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals The improvement of the winter wheat cultivation technology in arid conditions of the Povolzhie

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
О. I. Goryanin ◽  
Е. V. Madyakin ◽  
B. Zh. Dzhangabaev ◽  
N. А. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Winter wheat is currently the main grain field crop in the European part of Russia. However, to increase the cultivation efficiency, it is necessary to improve cultivation technology. The purpose of the work is to identify new promising varieties and improve the winter bread wheat cultivation technology for the arid conditions of the Povolzhie. In 2015–2019 there was conducted an agroecological testing for 17 winter wheat varieties, which were most widespread and had the prospects for their introduction in the Povolzhie. During 2011–2018 there were studied five cultivation technologies (options) of the winter wheat variety ‘Svetoch’ in the six crop rotation sequences. The study has established that when cultivating winter wheat in the blackearth (chernozem) steppe of the Povolzhie, the varieties ‘Marafon’, ‘Novoershovskaya’, ‘Zhemchuzhina Povolzhiya’, ‘Severodonetskaya yubileynaya’ and ‘Svetoch’ were the most promising varieties. Under favorable moisture conditions, it was most profitable to cultivated the varieties ‘Rostovchanka 7’, ‘Izyuminka’, ‘Marafon’, ‘Bazis’, ‘Severodonetskaya yubileynaya’, ‘Skipetr’. When cultivating winter wheat in ‘black’ fallow, it is more rational to use early fallow, which begins to be cultivated in the spring when the soil is physically matured. The early spring additional fertilizing with ammonium nitrate increases winter wheat productivity on 0.28 t/ha (9.3%). In order to obtain the maximum net income (11324.8 rubles/ha) and profitability (115.0%), it is most expedient to use the biological product ‘Bionex Kemi’ (3 l/ha) on commercial wheat crops.

Productivity of Кazanskaya 560 winter wheat variety, depending on fertilizers and soil nutrient

10.12737/2439 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сабирова ◽  
Razina Sabirova ◽  
Шакиров ◽  
Rafil Shakirov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Available Nutrients

The article discusses the influence of the main fertilizer in combination with additional fertilizing on the feeding regime of soil and productivity of “Kazanskaya 560” winter wheat variety. The provision of soil with available nutrients is achieved through the rational use of fertilizers in crop rotations. In 2010-2012 an additional fertilizing by Humate “Bioplant Flora” at a rate of 2 litre per hectare in autumn increased yield to 4.6-5.5 centner per hectare, depending on the background of the basic fertilizer. Additional spring fertilizing in early plant growth by Bioplant Flora on the background of autumn feeding practically does not increase the yield of winter wheat. Fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at a rate of 1.5 center in share weight per hectare increased the average yield to 2.1-2.4 tons per hectare for the period 2010-2012, depending on the background of the main treatment. In favorable 2011 it increased the yield to 1.5-3.5 centner per hectare. Adding NPK at sowing in rows at 1 centner per hectare in share weight increases yields to 3.5 centner per hectare without feeding, to 7.5 centner per hectare with the autumn fertilizing by Bioplant Flora, to 5.6 centner per hectare with the spring fertilizing with ammonium nitrate, comparing with the background without fertilizers. Thus, the differential application of the basic fertilizer, combined with fertilizing, improves the soil nutrient status and facilitates the formation of a predetermined amount of yield.

scholarly journals The new winter bread wheat variety of universal type ‘Donskaya Step’

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
O. V. Skripka ◽  
A. P. Samofalov ◽  
S. V. Podgorny ◽  
S. N. Gromova ◽  
V. L. Chernova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat Variety ◽  
Variety Testing

Introduction and methodology. Wheat bread belongs to the greatest inventions of the mankind. Therefore, the study aimed at solving the issues of improving its productivity and quality, stabilizing the gross yield of wheat grain have always arisen a great interest of researchers and specialists in agricultural production. The most accessible source of improving yields and gross harvests is a variety.The purpose of the current study was to characterize the winter bread wheat variety ‘Donskaya Step’ according to the main economically valuable traits and properties. The study was carried out by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”” from 2016 to 2020 on the experimental plots of crop rotation belonging to the winter wheat department. The object of the study was the winter bread wheat variety ‘Donskaya Step’. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety. There were used four forecrops: maize for grain, peas, sunflower and green fallow. The trials were conducted in sixfold replications. The accounting area of the plot was 10 m2.Results. The variety was sent to the State Variety Testing in 2016. In 2020 it was introduced into the State List for the North Caucasus and Low Volga regions of the Russian Federation. This variety has a high potential for grain productivity. The maximum yield of 11.83 t/ha was obtained in 2017 when sown in weedfree fallow. The average yield through four years of the competitive variety testing (2016–2020) was 9.77 t/ha, which is on 0.96 t/ha higher than that of the standard variety ‘Ermak’. The variety ‘Donskaya Step’ is a middle-maturing variety that forms ears and ripens as the standard variety ‘Ermak’. The variety forms high and stable yields due to increased frost resistance, drought resistance and resistance to the main wheat leaf diseases.

scholarly journals The efficiency of androgenesis in vitro in anther culture of soft wheat winter varieties and their different generations hybrids

1970 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
I. S. Zambriborshch ◽  
O. L. Shestopal ◽  
M. S. Boiko ◽  
H. O. Dobrova ◽  
S. V. Ahafonova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Androgenesis In Vitro ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

Aim. To estimate the level of in vitro haploproduction androgenic ability of different generations populations (F1, F2) soft winter wheat hybrids of the same combination to maximize the use of biotechnology cereals. Methods. Obtaining of bread wheat double haploid lines by anther culture in vitro. The statistical methods. Results. The influence different generation of wheat hybrids on the processes of induction and regeneration in anther culture of winter bread wheat were studied. The 21 green plants-regenerants were received. Conclusions. The using of anthers of the second generation simple hybrids as donor material for the effective technology creation of doubled haploid of bread winter wheat was shown.Keywords: wheat, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration, generation simple hybrids.

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